Energy Optimization in a WSN for IoT Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Syed Ariz Manzar ◽  
Sindhu Hak Gupta ◽  
Bhavya Alankar
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Node ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
City Model ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Energy consumption has become a prime concern in designing wireless sensor networks (WSN) for the internet of things (IoT) applications. Smart cities worldwide are executing exercises to progress greener and safer urban situations with cleaner air and water, better adaptability, and capable open organizations. These exercises are maintained by progresses like IoT and colossal information examination that structure the base for smart city model. The energy required for successfully transmitting a packet from one node to another must be optimized so that the average energy gets reduced for successful transmission over a channel. This chapter has been devised to optimize the energy required for transmitting a packet successfully between two communicating sensor nodes using particle swarm optimization (PSO). In this chapter, the average energy for successfully transmitting a packet from one node to another has been optimized to achieve the optimal energy value for efficient communication over a channel. The power received by the sensor node has also been optimized.

scholarly journals Real Time Sensor Data transmission to the IoT Applications using MQTT-SN and MQTT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6371-6378
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Application Protocols

Internet of Things (IoT) Technology rapidly growing area and active research happening in different Layers of Internet protocol stacks. IOT stack have Physical layer& Data Link layer, Network Layer, Transport layer and Application layer protocols and Applications. Now IOT has many applications like Smart cities, Smart Homes, Environmental monitoring, Agricultural Application and Medical data transmission from remote places to expert Hospital. Numbers of IOT Application Protocols (MQTT, MQTT-SN, COAP, XMPP, and HTPP) are available and implemented in rich resource Environments like good computing power and bandwidth. However all Application protocols are not suitable under lossy wireless sensor network environment. In IOT Environment consists of Sensor Nodes, End Systems and related applications. Latency and bandwidth problems exist between sensor node and End Systems in two tier IOT Environment. To resolve this issue, we proposed Three Tier IOT Architecture; it consists of Sensor Node, IOT Gateway /Fog Computing Node, End Systems and Applications. In this paper we proposed flexible design, development and integration of IOT gateway for different IOT applications using MQTT and MQTT-SN Application Messaging Protocols.

Design and Analysis of a RFID Reader Microstrip Array antenna for IoT Applications in Smart Cities

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Substrate Thickness ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Rfid Reader ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Microstrip Array ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Microstrip Array Antenna

This paper presents the design of 2*1 and 4*1 RFID reader microstrip array antenna at 2.4GHz for the Internet of things (IoT) networks which are Zigbee, Bluetooth and WIFI. The proposed antenna is composed of identical circular shapes radiating patches printed in FR4 substrate. The dielectric constant εr and substrate thickness h are 4.4 and 1.6mm, respectively. The 2*1 and 4*1 array antennas present a gain improvement of 27.3% and 61.9%, respectively. The single,2*1 and 4*1 array antennas were performed with CADFEKO.

scholarly journals Evaluation of business models of urban IoT-applications for a medium sized city

2020 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 393-403
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Fischer ◽  
Birgit Schenk
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Public ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
German City ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Digitalization of the public sector is being driven by a number of factors. In particular, the concept of "Smart Cities" has become an important driver of this development. This relies heavily on an intelligent infrastructure including the Internet of Things (IoT). But does it make sense for small and medium-sized municipalities to develop this? Is it justified to invest in IoT? (How) can a mediumsized city benefit from it? This paper presents the application of an evaluation scheme for business models of urban IoT applications to answer these questions. The research question focuses on how best practices of urban IoT applications in general and in particular can be evaluated. In order to establish a concrete practical reference we evaluated ten chosen IoT applications for the German city of Herrenberg.

scholarly journals Dynamic Traffic Prediction with Adaptive Sampling for 5G HetNet IoT Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangli Wu ◽  
Wei Mao ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Tao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Sampling ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Traffic Prediction ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Linear Predictor ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Due to the proliferation of global monitoring sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT) is widely used to build smart cities and smart homes. 5G HetNets play an important role in the IoT video stream. This paper proposes an improved Call Session Control Function (CSCF) scheme. The improved CSCF server contains additional modules to facilitate IoT traffic prediction and resource reservation. We highlight traffic prediction in this work and develop a compressed sensing based linear predictor to catch the traffic patterns. Experimental results justify that our proposed scheme can forecast the traffic load with high accuracy but low sampling overhead.

scholarly journals A Lightweight Two-Layer Blockchain Mechanism for Reliable Crossing-Domain Communication in Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Xu ◽  
Jianfei Peng
Keyword(s):  
Block Structure ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Reliable Communication ◽  
Collusion Attack ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Reliable Communications ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Cloud Servers ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The smart city is an emerging notion that is leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) technique to achieve more comfortable, smart and controllable cities. The communications crossing domains between smart cities is indispensable to enhance collaborations. However, crossing-domain communications are more vulnerable since there are in different domains. Moreover, there are huge different devices with different computation capabilities, from sensors to the cloud servers. In this paper, we propose a lightweight two-layer blockchain mechanism for reliable crossing-domain communication in smart cities. Our mechanism provides a reliable communication mechanism for data sharing and communication between smart cities. We defined a two-layer blockchain structure for the communications inner and between smart cities to achieve reliable communications. We present a new block structure for the lightweight IoT devices. Moreover, we present a reputation-based multi-weight consensus protocol in order to achieve efficient communication while resistant to the nodes collusion attack for the proposed blockchain system. We also conduct a secure analysis to demonstrate the security of the proposed scheme. Finally, performance evaluation shows that our scheme is efficient and practical.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a RFID Reader Microstrip Array Antenna for IoT Applications in Smart Cities

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Omaima Benkhadda ◽  
Mohamed Saih ◽  
kebir Chaji ◽  
Abdelati Reha
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Substrate Thickness ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Rfid Reader ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Microstrip Array ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Microstrip Array Antenna

This paper presents the design of 2*1 and 4*1 RFID reader microstrip array antenna at 2.4GHz for the Internet of things (IoT) networks which are Zigbee, Bluetooth and WIFI. The proposed antenna is composed of identical circular shapes radiating patches printed in FR4 substrate. The dielectric constant εr and substrate thickness h are 4.4 and 1.6mm, respectively. The 2*1 and 4*1 array antennas present a gain improvement of 27.3% and 61.9%, respectively. The single,2*1 and 4*1 array antennas were performed with CADFEKO.

scholarly journals Energy Balancing of a Heuristic Algorithm for the Path Planning of Mobile Sensor Nodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
X. Xu ◽  
B. Z. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Heuristic Algorithm ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mobile Sensor ◽  
Mobile Sensor Nodes ◽  
The Internet Of Things

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the core technologies of the Internet of things. It is an important means to realize a real-time geographic information system. Related research has shown that in the future, tens of billions of sensors and intelligent terminal equipment will be connected to WSNs based on the establishment of the function of the Internet of things. This study presents a heuristic algorithm to balance the energy consumption of each sensor node. It proposes a new real-time dynamic allocation algorithm for sensor tasks based on the concept of this heuristic algorithm and by considering that a multisensory system is composed of a phased-array radar. This allocation algorithm can dynamically assign tasks to the most suitable sensor before tasks fail to arrive, which ensures that the sensor can achieve a good load balance and extend network lifetime. A simulation experiment is conducted, and results validate the proposed algorithm. The energy consumption of mobile sensor nodes is effectively balanced. The path-planning algorithm standardizes the energy consumption of each mobile sensor node across the network , thereby effectively prolonging network lifetime.

Attacks, Vulnerabilities, and Their Countermeasures in Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jaspher Willsie Kathrine ◽  
C. Willson Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Minimal Cost ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises sensor nodes that have the capability to sense and compute. Due to their availability and minimal cost compared to traditional networks, WSN is used broadly. The need for sensor networks increases quickly as they are more likely to experience security attacks. There are many attacks and vulnerabilities in WSN. The sensor nodes have issues like limited resources of memory and power and undependable communication medium, which is further complicated in unattended environments, secure communication, and data transmission issues. Due to the complexity in establishing and maintaining the wireless sensor networks, the traditional security solutions if implemented will prove to be inefficient for the dynamic nature of the wireless sensor networks. Since recent times, the advance of smart cities and everything smart, wireless sensor nodes have become an integral part of the internet of things and their related paradigms. This chapter discusses the known attacks, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures existing in wireless sensor networks.

Internet of Things Research Challenges

2017 ◽  
pp. 260-277
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Elkhodr ◽  
Seyed Shahrestani ◽  
Hon Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) promises to revolute communications on the Internet. The IoT enables numerous business opportunities in fields as diverse as e-health, smart cities, smart homes, among many others. It incorporates multiple long-range, short-range, and personal area wireless networks and technologies into the designs of IoT applications. This will result in the IoT being pervasive in many areas which raise many challenges. This chapter reviews the major research issues challenging the IoT with regard to security, privacy, and management.

Blockchain: A New Technology to Enhance Data Security and Privacy in Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2552-2556
Author(s):  
Sarita Simaiya ◽  
Umesh Kumar Lilhore ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Sharma ◽  
Kamali Gupta ◽  
Vidhu Baggan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
The Internet Of Things

A revolutionary technology well into the world of technology has been in the modern world of technology the Internet of Things. Due to continuing increases as nothing more than a consequence of either the rapid development of computing Internet of things-based applications implementations. Many technologies become increasingly embraced throughout compatible devices such as home automation and also smart cities. These IoT applications become operated on both the Internet, whereby information becomes transported publicly between a network to the next, therefore flowing information requires a great deal of further privacy consideration to guarantee IoT applications become reliable Internet of things technologies have been using various techniques of data protection of security and privacy. However, all such modern security systems have always been sufficient to ensure the Internet of things perceived safety. A Blockchain has become a revolutionary authoritative digital technology that really transforms commercial transactions absolutely. This is also a collaborative service that facilitates it uses a variety of features of cybersecurity. Blockchain technology seems to be the missing piece of the puzzle throughout the IoT to address problems of usability, anonymity, including security. Block chain’s crypto algorithms must enable transparency from customers very confidential. Throughout this research article, we introduce an analysis of IoT security concerns; blockchain gets addressed briefly as well as later addresses the security of IoT applications dependent on blockchain technologies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document