The Social and Solidarity Economics, Public Policies, and Non-Monetary Economic Practices

2022 ◽  
pp. 242-266
Author(s):  
Arturo Luque González ◽  
Aitor Bengoetxea Alkorta ◽  
Jaime Leonidas Ordóñez Salcedo

The prevailing economic and social model contains great inequalities. Against this backdrop, the Republic of Ecuador, in its constitution of 2008, included recognizing ancestral practices at an economic and social level and granting special protection to “mother earth” or Pachamama based on the common element of solidarity between ecosystems and human beings. Despite this, continuous growth processes have blunted some of the tools and institutions created in Ecuador to redress poverty and rebalance existing economic and regulatory abuses. To analyze this situation, a series of group interviews were carried out in two communities of Loja (Ecuador) to analyze the scope and continuity of current ancestral practices and the effectiveness of processes established in the social economy. The analysis shows the lack of continuity of these practices and their associated benefits for people and communities with limited resources.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeve O’Grady

Community education in the Republic of Ireland exists in several forms and in several sites. This article draws on two qualitative research projects in community education to identify the practices of the social model of community education that link them. The context of the research is the impact of policy changes as experienced by the practitioners and providers. The social model can be spoken of in different terms, depending on the practice of the speaker; it can be a process model of curriculum, critical literacy, or feminist emancipatory pedagogy. The article describes different discourses of practice and considers how practitioners could, while differentiating aspects of their practice, find common ground and resist the erosion of adult education for social justice by the state’s drive for vocational education for the labour market.


Ethnicities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-730
Author(s):  
Iwona Kaliszewska

It has recently become increasingly popular for small entrepreneurs in Dagestan to introduce elements of Islamic economy into their everyday economic practices. In my paper, I take a closer look at everyday life and the ways of conducting business among small entrepreneurs in Makhachkala, the capital of the Republic of Dagestan in the Russian Federation.  In order to scrutinize the relationship between everyday religious observance, space and economic practices within a broader socio-political context, I introduce the term ‘halal landscape’. ‘Halal landscapes’ emerge through the gradual infusion of Islam into the sphere of economic activities, where they form ‘Islam-inspired’ social spaces, in which economic and moral dimensions are interwoven with formal and informal norms and regulations, and where social life – the area of interaction between human and non-human actors – has its unique materiality and temporality.  In my paper, I look into the halal landscapes of Dagestani entrepreneurs in Makhachkala and demonstrate the analytical potential of the term to study the social and cultural nature of Islam-inspired economic practices. Important elements of these halal landscapes include the avoidance of deception and usury, promotion of honesty and observance in the workplace, payment of zakat, as well as thorough knowledge about these issues.  My analysis is based on the results of multi-temporal fieldwork conducted in Makhachkala in 2017–2019 as well as on earlier field observations gathered during regular visits in 2004–2016.


Author(s):  
O.Yu. Morozova ◽  

The article is devoted to the concept of « society of knowledge» in the context of the analysis of the 2005 UNESCO Report and the social model of the Republic of Singapore in the period from the mid-1960s to the present time. The author also analyzes the impact of IT on the progressive development of Singapore's education system, as well as the role of IT (legal tech) in the judicial system of the state.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Cihan Ertan

: Globalization of the economy and the dynamics of the market mechanism have brought about numerous problems for both individuals and society in general. Environmental problems, lack of sufficient information being conveyed between market and consumers, lack of information concerning the processes of producing etc. are the examples of the problems that are brought about by the market mechanism. Alternative economic practices are being constituted by individuals in various forms of association such as collectives, entrepreneurs etc. in order to cope with those problems mainstream capitalist economy caused through creating social values for the common good. The concept of solidarity economy is being adopted in the article in order to indicate these alternative economic practices; and the main of this article is to shed light on the solidarity patterns of the activities relied on nonmainstream economy within the scope of some cases in the light of four cases from Turkey.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari KC

Disability studies, although an emerging discipline, has already advanced in the Global North compared to the Global South in that the discourse around disability has shifted its focus from mere survival debates of the persons with disabilities to subtler and more nuanced forms and manifestations of disability existence. Even at the policy level, the “medical model” of disability has been substituted by different versions of the “social model.” The main idea of the “social model” of disability is that human beings are extremely diverse in terms of mental and bodily faculties, functions and structures, and disability indeed results from the “disabling” infrastructures and environment that society has created without taking this human diversity into account. Some versions of the “social model” go so far as to glorify the bodily and mental disabilities, deeming them merely as manifestations of human variation or diversity that offers a unique experience to be valued and celebrated (Roush & Sharby, 2011). Disability in any form is merely a variation of humanity, but the disadvantages this diversity creates are the lived-realities that should not and cannot be left unattended. What I find even more problematic is the idea of glorifying and romanticizing disability. Such a glorified notion of disability, I argue, becomes yet another means to oppressing the persons with disabilities. The “medical model” that some disability studies scholars in the Global North have discarded can prove still relevant to the Global South, and particularly to South Asia. If disability activists and civil society organizations relish only in the rhetoric of disability as a “human rights” issue, and not pay ample attention to the physical and mental realities of the persons with disabilities, the “rights-based” discourse could ultimately be counterproductive. 


2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Ion Cojocari ◽  

The prosecution of a person who has committed a prejudicial act is a priority of the state to protect a public interest, or to defend a fundamental right for which the state has commitments to respect. This article identifies the mental attitude of the subject of the crime towards the prejudicial act of organizing illegal migration. The article also elucidates the extent to which the migrant, who is the victim of the crime, is directed by the perpetrator. Also, attention is drawn to the purpose and motive of the crime. In the same context, it is analyzed what impact the victim’s consent has on the commission of the crime. In the author’s opinion, the analysis of the organization of illegal migration through the prism of its distinct elements plays a fundamental role for the legislation of the Republic of Moldova. It is concluded that the Moldovan legislator must introduce in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova the phrase “migrants’ trafficking”, in exchange for the current one of “organizing illegal migration”. This conclusion is based on the social requirement to protect the rights and interests of migrants. Thus, the Moldovan authorities will be able to identify the authentic purpose pursued by the perpetrator when violating human values and freedoms (the authorities will make a clear distinction between trafficking of human beings and trafficking of migrants).


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-204
Author(s):  
Ach. Khiarul Waro Wardani

Islamic economy is in the middle of a developed society model which becomes a separate measure or barometer for practicing all transactions based on uluhiyah and insaniyha. As a representative of Islamic teachings that are able to provide benefits to all living things, Islamic economy is able to provide movement and influence on society in its economic practices. Islamic economics as part of the social sector tries to offer an economic action that is beneficial to all economic and social actors, which makes the existence of Islamic economics as a means of self-revolution from a capitalist concept that prioritizes personal gain towards Islamic behavior, namely prioritizing interests vertically (after all: God ) and horizontal interests (humanity). The implementation of Islamic economics emerges from a set of basic Islamic laws, namely: Al-Quran and Hadith as the primary law and the ulama's ijtihad as the primary legal basis. Prophet Muhammad SAW, his companions and tabi'i, tabi'in and scholars in the past and present are a reflection of the level of building a good relationship with the progress of Islam as a civilized religion and as a barometer for shaping an Islamic character, namely upholding the values human value. In conditions like this, when mankind begins to neglect their own brothers because of their own enrichment (capitalism) so that they become uncivilized human beings, then here God's lovers give an example which then influences humans to become Islamic humans through the means of preaching, namely the concept. application or implementation of Islamic economics.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ilcheva ◽  
◽  
◽  

In the last decade, Bulgaria is facing new challenges related with the growing social fragmentation and social exclusion, which require new type of interventions combining economic and social models. Undoubtedly, social economy is a key feature of European social model and it creates opportunities for new jobs, boosts social innovations as a response to the growing public needs and stimulates social cohesion. Bulgarian municipalities have a twofold role in the social economy – on one side they act as operators in social economy through the establishment of municipal social enterprises. On the other side as local authorities, they can formulate local policies and create favorable conditions to boost social economy. The article is analyzing the scope, trends and opportunities of Bulgarian municipalities to strengthen the social economy at local level, and in this way to influence the creation of a favorable environment for social enterprises. In addition, it provides an overview of the existing models of municipal social enterprises and the expected impact on the local development.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Barkatullah Amin

Ulama in Banjar society take place as religious elite whose roles are very important. They used to be treated specially in practice, like being honored and respected. However, what if there is Ulama who is physically and mentally different (difabel). Do people treat differently? How do people then perceive it? This paper aims to see how the attitudes and views of people in the Banjar community towards the “Ulama-Difabel” – Islamic scholars with disabilities who participate in religious and community activities. This is a qualitative research with ethnography approach. It uses social model of disability theory. the results of this study explain that although the government has ratified the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 19 of 2011 concerning the Ratification of the CRPD, however, it cannot be called as the sole reason for the establishment of an inclusive paradigm that develops in society in a dominant way. In spite of that, the Banjar people interpret the existence of diffable scholars as a transcendent phenomenon because of the normative influence, metaphysical, and theological (Islam Banjar) views which both encourage each other to form social constructs with a paradigm of the Social Model of Disability in Banjar society. This phenomenon is also affected by some factors like people’s understanding toward diffabled condition, culture, education, and religious doctrine accepted. Ulama dalam masyarakat Banjar menempati posisi sebagai elit keagamaan yang perannya sangat penting. Sehingga pada praktiknya ulama sering mendapatkan perlakuan spesial, seperti dimuliakan dan dihormati. Namun, bagaimana jika ada ulama yang memiliki perbedaan pada fisik ataupun mentalnya (difabel), apakah perlakuan masyarakat menjadi berbeda? Bagaimana kemudian masyarakat mempersepsikannya? Paper ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana sikap dan pandangan masyarakat Banjar terhadap Ulama-Difabel yang turut serta dalam kegiatan keagamaan maupun kemasyarakatan. Kajian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Pisau analisisnya menggunakan teori Social Model of Disability. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun pemerintah telah meratifikasi Undang-Undang Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2011 tentang Pengesahan CRPD, tetapi hal itu tidak bisa disebut sebagai satu-satunya alasan terbentuknya paradigma inklusif yang berkembang dalam masyarakat, yang  kemudian mempengaruhi cara pandang masyarakat secara dominan, tetapi lebih dari itu, masyarakat Banjar memaknai keberadaan Ulama-Difabel sebagai fenomena transenden, karena dipengaruhi oleh pandangan-pandangan normatif, metafisik dan teologis (Islam Banjar) yang kemudian keduanya saling mendorong terbangunnya konstruksi sosial berparadigma Social Model of Disability pada masyarakat Banjar. Fenomena ini juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor seperti; pemahaman masyarakat terhadap kondisi difabel itu sendiri, budaya, pendidikan, dan doktrin keagamaan yang diterima.


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