Why Some Young CHamorus Actively Learn the CHamoru Language While Others Do Not

2022 ◽  
pp. 76-102
Author(s):  
Edward Leon Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Language Fluency ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Identity ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Study

For the generation of CHamorus who grew up without CHamoru language fluency, what the language means for their CHamoru identity is not entirely clear as there has not been a comprehensive study of their ethnolinguistic identity. This chapter explores how young CHamorus articulate their CHamoru identity in relation to the CHamoru language based on interviews with fourteen young CHamorus. The study provides a theoretical model, the CHamoru Identity Language Articulation Model (CHILAM), which identifies decision pathways and processes to explain why some young CHamorus actively learn the language while others do not. The model maps out the various motivating and inhibiting factors that influence participants' learning of the CHamoru language, which provides relevant information for CHamoru language advocates, policymakers, and teachers.

The Informational Value of Affirmative Action in College Admissions

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K Furstenberg
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
College Admissions ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Admissions Policies ◽  
Racial Preferences ◽  
Admissions Officers ◽  
The University ◽  
Admissions Process ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This article develops a theoretical model of college admissions to investigate the effects of banning affirmative action admissions policies on the efficiency of the admissions process. Previous work in this area has shown that prohibiting affirmative action causes inefficiency when college quality is an increasing function of diversity. This article identifies an additional reason why colleges and universities use racial preferences in admissions, setting aside explicit demands for diversity. In the theoretical model, the racial identity of the applicants is relevant information for making inferences about an applicant's true academic ability. Preventing admissions officers from using this information results in inefficient selection of applicants, even if diversity does not explicitly enter the objective of the university. Thus, affirmative action is justified solely on informational grounds.

From Believing to Belief: A General Theoretical Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1254-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger J. Seitz ◽  
Raymond F. Paloutzian ◽  
Hans-Ferdinand Angel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Interpersonal Contact ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Situational Demands

Cognitive neuroscience research has begun to explore the mental processes underlying what a belief and what believing are. Recent evidence suggests that believing involves fundamental brain functions that result in meaningful probabilistic representations, called beliefs. When relatively stable, these beliefs allow for guidance of behavior in individuals and social groups. However, they are also fluid and can be modified by new relevant information, interpersonal contact, social pressure, and situational demands. We present a theoretical model of believing that can account for the formation of both empirically grounded and metaphysical beliefs.

Information asymmetry and incentive contracting with the tax department

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horn-chern Lin ◽  
Tao Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Optimal Incentives

Purpose This paper aims to examine the design of optimal incentives for a firm’s tax department in the presence of information asymmetry. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a theoretical model to examine the design of optimal incentives. The focus is on a situation in which a risk-averse tax department has private information about its efficiency type or effort to be exerted before the firm sets the incentive schemes. Findings This paper shows that a tax department’s risk aversion leads to a decline in the fraction of the cost borne by the tax department. It also shows that the optimal contract schemes should be designed to filter out as much uncontrollable risk as possible by using third-party information relevant to a tax department’s realized cost. Social implications It contributes to a better understanding of the impact of corporate incentive plans on firms’ tax practices. This study, by designing a theoretical model, helps explain why there exist differences in tax planning across firms based on the finding that incentives for tax planning activities differ across firms. Originality/value This paper is the first study that considers the situation in which tax managers’ risk-averse and types, as well as relevant information collected by the firms, can be used to set up incentive schemes and investigates whether and how the incentive schemes will be affected when firms improve their prior information by acquiring relevant information before the tax department acts.

scholarly journals The Socio-Cultural History, the Economic and Political Development of the Minority Society: The Case of Benishangul Gumuz (1991-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Wondim Tiruneh Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The study focuses on the Socio-Cultural History and the Econo- Political Development of the Minority Society: The Case of Benishangul Gumuz(1991-2018).The Gumuz of Matakal are renowned for their traditional socio-cultural history, economic and political developments since their arrival to Matakal. They have developed wonderful conflict management strategies and institutions that play important role in harmonizing their relations with the neighboring “ethnic” group, such as the Shinasha, Amhara, Agaw and Oromo. The conflicts differ in their causes, nature, intensity, frequency; yet the peculiarities are often glossed over and depicted as typical inter-ethnic conflicts between the highlanders or “settlers” on one side and the “indigenous “people on the other. Nonetheless, this approach not only risks a presupposition of ethnic groups as cohesive and binding entities but fails to explore the role of Gumuz initiation rituals, rite of passage, discourses of violence and other major socio-cultural events in inspiring and articulating them. So far, there exists no single comprehensive study, in its own right, that tries to map out the nexus between Gumuz perceptions, symbolism, representation and discourses of violence and outbreak of intermittent conflict in the region in time and space (1991-2018). The related literature will be systematically reviewed and relevant information gathered. Furthermore, in-depth interviews will be conducted, with elders from the highlanders, particularly from Amhara, Agaw, Shinasha, Oromo ethnic groups and the Gumuz. The data collected through these methods will be carefully examined, cross-checked, interpreted and analyzed to determine whether there will be any correlation or connection between the Gumuz, discourses of violence and outbreak of conflicts in the study area.

A Theoretical Model for Digital Reverberations of City Spaces and Public Places

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Zimmerman ◽  
Kjeld Hansen ◽  
Ravi Vatrapu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Location Aware ◽  
The City

The increasing pervasiveness of Internet connected devices and services is altering the perception and practice of public spaces through the provisioning of location-specific digital information. Location-aware technologies allow people to access, annotate, address and attach information to locations, which transforms the space for other people who use the same services. Such locations acquire relevance and reshape social and spatial interactions through increased use on social media as people ‘check-in' to places, photograph or ‘like' them. Collectively the authors are marking-up the city around them. The popularization of location-aware technologies thus contributes to the changing meaning of locations in cities. In contrast to the technological focus in the emerging discourses on smart cities and big data, this paper offers an alternative view of the three lenses of Social, Local and Mobile technologies that describe and explain crowd-sourced socio-technical layers on the city landscape. The proposed integrated theoretical model describes the relevant information linkages between people and places in the online and offline worlds and introduces a new evaluation method for the evaluation of city places: affinity spectrum of social endorsements. The authors conclude with a discussion of the new opportunities for governments to better understand socially emergent ‘urban qualities' and how citizens construct and appreciate them in order better convert city places into public spaces.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of a solar still using an absorber plate with inclined perforated rectangular fins: Comprehensive study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-419
Author(s):  
Wissam H. Alawee
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Equilibrium Equations ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Solar desalination are one of the most promising ways to solve the problem of water shortage in the regions that are adjacent to the sea or saltwater bodies that have abundant solar radiation and lack of drinking water. The present research aimed to investigate an experimental and theoretical study to improve the thermal performance of conventional double-slope solar stills by using inclined perforated rectangular fins combined with the distilled basin. Two solar stills are manufactured, the first one is a conventional still, and the other is a finned still. Both stills have a (0.75 m2) cross-section area which is the same area of the distillation basin. Stills were examined during February, March, April, and May under the climatic conditions of Baghdad city in Iraq. The theoretical model relied on solving equilibrium equations of heat and mass with the help of the MATLAB program. The results showed that combining the inclined fins with the distillation basin improves productivity by (33.2%) compared to the conventional solar still. The average productivity of water between February and May is about (3.02-3.6 l/day) and (4.13-4.72 l/day) for the conventional and finned solar still, respectively. The theoretical model was validated using experimental results. The theoretical model predicted well the performance and behavior of the solar still with some deviations from the practical results.

scholarly journals A comprehensive study of a similarity criterion in cardiac computerized tomography images enhancement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Bravo Valero ◽  
Miguel Ángel Vera ◽  
Yoleidy Katherine Huérfano Maldonado ◽  
Yeison Fabián Manrique Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Similarity Criterion ◽  
Score Function ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Complete Formulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This research focuses on the study of a particular filter based on a similarity criterion that  has been applied to improve the information contained in images acquired using different cardiac imaging modalities. The primary attention of this study is to examine which component of the similarity criterion generates more relevant information useful to increase the medical image quality. In this sense, four case studies are established, first a complete formulation of the similarity criterion is considered, and then three additional cases, representing each component of the criterion; such cases are referred to as full, main, residual1, and residual2, respectively. A score function is used for quantifying and then assessing the impact of each component of the similarity criterion. Such measure is a relation between some full–reference and blind–reference image enhancement measures. A computer generated phantom and a representative clinical dataset (1270 three–dimensional images from 126 patients) are used in a thorough evaluation of the similarity criterion. In general terms of performance of the image enhancement technique, the results of the study reveal that the component residual1 outperforms than the other two components of similarity criterion or its complete formulation.

A Theoretical Model for Digital Reverberations of City Spaces and Public Places

2015 ◽  
pp. 1930-1946
Author(s):  
Christopher Zimmerman ◽  
Kjeld Hansen ◽  
Ravi Vatrapu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Location Aware ◽  
The City

The increasing pervasiveness of Internet connected devices and services is altering the perception and practice of public spaces through the provisioning of location-specific digital information. Location-aware technologies allow people to access, annotate, address and attach information to locations, which transforms the space for other people who use the same services. Such locations acquire relevance and reshape social and spatial interactions through increased use on social media as people ‘check-in' to places, photograph or ‘like' them. Collectively the authors are marking-up the city around them. The popularization of location-aware technologies thus contributes to the changing meaning of locations in cities. In contrast to the technological focus in the emerging discourses on smart cities and big data, this paper offers an alternative view of the three lenses of Social, Local and Mobile technologies that describe and explain crowd-sourced socio-technical layers on the city landscape. The proposed integrated theoretical model describes the relevant information linkages between people and places in the online and offline worlds and introduces a new evaluation method for the evaluation of city places: affinity spectrum of social endorsements. The authors conclude with a discussion of the new opportunities for governments to better understand socially emergent ‘urban qualities' and how citizens construct and appreciate them in order better convert city places into public spaces.

scholarly journals Forensic Examination of Money and Securities

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
В. С. Сезонов
Keyword(s):  
Information Sources ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Expert’S Opinion ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article is focused on the peculiarities of forensic examination of money and securities. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of forensic examination of money and securities. It is alleged that money or securities with counterfeiting features may be found during the crime scene search or inspection. The specifics of the inspection of such objects are determined. The characteristic features of forgery are given, which should be paid attention to during the inspection. The procedure for appointing and conducting a forensic examination of money and securities has been clarified. It is noted that the examination of metal money counterfeit requires other examination. The list of questions which can be solved during carrying out examination is defined. The characteristics of the objects that should be sent for examination are given. The requirements for the expert’s opinion are given. Counterfeit money or government securities are defined as objects produced by any person against the procedure established by the law on the relevant information sources, images of their details, design and protection elements that makes them similar to the real ones (originals). To confirm the fact of counterfeiting of funds or securities, a forensic examination of monetary funds are assigned. While conducting technical and forensic examination of banknotes some expert tasks require a comprehensive study by using the methods of forensic documentation, the study of materials of banknotes and securities by special methods of forensic chemistry, forensic physics, etc. The main issues to be addressed during such an examination are the compliance of the security or banknote with similar securities or banknotes produced by the State Mark or the National Bank of Ukraine. The results of the expert examination should be presented and formalized in the expert’s opinion.

What sentimentalists should say about emotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Moral Cognition ◽  
Multilevel Structure

Abstract Recent work by emotion researchers indicates that emotions have a multilevel structure. Sophisticated sentimentalists should take note of this work – for it better enables them to defend a substantive role for emotion in moral cognition. Contra May's rationalist criticisms, emotions are not only able to carry morally relevant information, but can also substantially influence moral judgment and reasoning.

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