Characterization and Spectroscopic Applications of Metal Foams From New Lightweight Materials

2022 ◽  
pp. 339-362
Author(s):  
Sefa Celik ◽  
Nuray Bekoz Ullen ◽  
Sevim Akyuz ◽  
Gizem Karabulut ◽  
Aysen E. Ozel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pore Wall ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lightweight Materials ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Degree Of Anisotropy

Lightweight materials such as metallic foams possess good mechanical, chemical, and physical properties, which make them suitable for a wide range of functional and structural applications. Metal foams have recently gained substantial interest in both industry and academia due to their low cost, thermal conductivity, high working temperature, vibration damping, specific mechanical properties, energy absorption, and heat resistance. The use of metal foams on a large scale and successful applications depend on a detailed understanding of their characteristic properties. Metallic foams are characterized by the morphology of the porous cells (size and shape, open or closed, macro and micro), pore topology, relative density, properties of the pore wall, and the degree of anisotropy. This contribution focuses on x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopic applications used for the characterization of metal foam, and also a brief of the most important applications, including a significant number of examples given.

scholarly journals Synthesis of ZnSe Nanocrystals for Solid-state Lighting Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Kim Chi ◽  
Bui Thi Thu Hien ◽  
Hoang Nhu Thanh ◽  
Trinh Duc Thien ◽  
Pham Nguyen Hai
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solid State Lighting ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Precursor Ratio ◽  
Microscopy Characterization ◽  
Znse Nanocrystals

We report the large-scale synthesis of highly luminescent ZnSe nanocrystals (NCs) by a simple and low-cost hydrothermal method. XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and HR-TEM (High Resolution Transmission Microscopy) characterization studies confirmed the formation of as-synthesized ZnSe NCs in cubic structure. The optical property of ZnSe NCs were tunable via controlling the Zn:Se molar precursor ratio (0.5:1–1.5:1), reaction temperature (150–200 0C), and reaction time (5–30 h). The resulting ZnSe NCs with the Zn:Se precursor ratio of 1:1, hydrothermally treated at 190 0C for 20 h exhibited the highest photoluminescence quantum yield obtained by PL spectra with the 355 nm excitation. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the ZnSe NCs show its promising application in the solid-state lighting.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF KERATIN NANOPARTICLES FROM DOVE FEATHER (COLUMBA LIVIA) AND ITS APPLICATIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
NANTHAVANAN P ◽  
KANDASAMY ARUNGANDHI ◽  
SUNMATHI D ◽  
NIRANJANA J
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to synthesize keratin nanoparticles from dove feathers. Methods: Crude keratin was extracted by chemical method. The protein content was estimated by Lowry’s method and it was found to be 0.18 mg/ml. The keratin nanoparticles were obtained using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Results: A single peak maximum at 270 nm corresponds to the surface plasmon resonance of keratin nanoparticles was observed in the ultraviolet-visible spectrum. The size of keratin nanoparticles was 78 nm. The crystalline size of keratin nanoparticles was 79.6 nm and it was obtained by X-ray diffraction. The antibacterial activity of crude keratin and keratin nanoparticles was determined which revealed that keratin nanoparticles showed higher zone of inhibition than crude keratin protein against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. Keratin nanoparticles showed higher antioxidant activity than crude keratin. Conclusion: Biological synthesis of nanoparticles has many advantages such as ecofriendly and low cost and can be synthesized in large scale. The keratin nanoparticles can be applied in wound dressing, biosorbent, and cosmetics.

scholarly journals Preliminary results on the preparation of carbon nanotubes using arc discharge in water medium

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Ulambayar R ◽  
Dawaabal B ◽  
Oyun-Erdene G ◽  
J Temuujin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Depending on the application, carbon nanotubes are being intensively studied in physics, chemistry, medicine, and computers. Therefore, it is important to develop large-scale high-quality multi-walled carbon nanotubes production at low cost. Wehere conducted a study on the easy preparation of low-cost carbon nanotubes. Two graphite electrodes were placed vertically in a thick, clear plastic container with distilled water to produce a carbon nanotube with an alternating current arc. The device has a simple design and the water acts as an insulating medium and cools the system. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectrum (FTIR) analysis of the obtained carbon soot was performed in comparison with technical multi-walled carbon nanotubes. These tests confirmed that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes were formed during the experiment. Нуман цахилалтын аргаар усан орчинд нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолой гарган авах урьдчилсан судалгаа Хураангуй: Нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолойг хэрэглээнээс хамаарч физик, хими, анагаах ухаан, компьютер гэх зэрэг салбаруудад эрчимтэй судлаж байна. Иймээс ч өндөр чанартай олон ханатай нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолойг бага зардлаар их хэмжээтэй, гарган авах арга техникийг хөгжүүлэх нь нэн чухал юм. Бид бага зардлаар нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолойг хялбараар гарган авах судалгааг явууллаа. Нэрмэл ус бүхий зузаан тунгалаг хуванцар саванд бал чулуун хоёр электродыг босоо хэлбэртэй байрлуулан хооронд нь хувьсах гүйдлийн нуман цахилалт цахилуулан нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолойг гарган авсан. Энэхүү төхөөрөмж нь энгийн хялбар хийцтэй бөгөөд ус нь тусгаарлагч орчин болж, системийг хөргөдөг. Гарган авсан нүүрстөрөгчийн хөөнд рентген дифракцийн (XRD) болон нил улаан туяаны спектрийн (FTIR) шинжилгээг техникийн олон ханатай нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолойтой харьцуулан хийж гүйцэтгэсэн. Эдгээр шинжилгээгээр олон ханатай нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолой туршилтын явцад үүссэн болохыг баталлаа. Түлхүүр үг: Нуман цахилалт, нүүрстөрөгчийн нано хоолой, графен, графит (бал чулуу)

scholarly journals Síntesis y caracterización de óxido de grafito funcionalizado con derivados y análogos de o-fenilendiamina. Obtención de bencimidazoles

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
María Victoria Barrera Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Graphite Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Functionalized Materials ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Conventional Manner ◽  
Organic Amines

In recent years, carbon-based materials have been studied because of its potential properties and potential applications in the field of physics, chemistry, electronics and mechanics. A derivative of graphite is graphite oxide which although it was discovered over a century has aroused great interest since not only proved to be a precursor of low cost for obtaining graphene on a large scale if the oxygenated groups graphite oxide have allowed covalently funcionalizarlo in the presence of nitrogencontaining precursors such as organic amines. Covalent functionalization graphite oxide followed by reduction achieved be an effective way to modify their chemical structure and modulate its electrical properties. Few studies have focused on the study of oxide functionalized graphite unreduced, this causes the interest is to study the process of functionalization for which a number of organic compounds with amino groups which enabled by a reaction introduced cyclization formation benzimidazoles in the oxide structure of graphite. This work aims to functionalize graphite oxide analogs and derivatives o-phenylenediamine previously also serve as precursors for obtaining disubstituted benzimidazoles synthesized. Synthesis of o-phenylenediamine derivatives of o-nitroaniline left and o-phenylenediamine with 2-chloropyridine and 2-chloropyrimidine respectively. The reactions were carried out in conventional manner and microwave, characterization involved the determination of the melting points on a Fisher-Johns, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1H, 13C BRUKER 400MHz computer with DMSO-d6 as solvent and Infrared device transform Fourier which were performed in the solid state on a Bruker FT-IR ALPHA. Prior to functionalization graphite was oxidized by the method of treating the graphite Hummers modified with KMnO4 and H2SO4, and subsequently H2O2. Functionalization was carried sonicating oxide dispersion in deionized water graphite subsequently diluted organic compounds in small amounts of ethanol in the presence of polyphosphoric acid as catalyst and the suspension was heated for 24hrs were added. To better understand the process prior to functionalization reduction materials were characterized by the techniques of Fourier Transform Infrared, Raman, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Finally electrochemical performance of the functionalized materials unreduced using Cyclic voltammetry technique is evaluated. graphite oxide with Nafion was impregnated in a glassy carbon electrode used as working electrode, a platinum wire as the auxiliary electrode and one silver as a reference electrode in a 1M aqueous H2SO4 solution as electrolyte. The results of oxides functionalized graphite indicate specific capacitance values up to fifty times greater in percent compared to graphite oxide unfunctionalized.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles from Cockle Shells

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh. Nurul Islam ◽  
A. B. Z. Zuki ◽  
M. E. Ali ◽  
Mohd Zobir Bin Hussein ◽  
M. M. Noordin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir

A simple and low-cost method for the synthesis of calcium carbonate nanoparticles from cockle shells was described. Polymorphically, the synthesized nanoparticles were aragonites which are biocompatible and thus frequently used in the repair of fractured bone and development of advanced drug delivery systems, tissue scaffolds and anticarcinogenic drugs. The rod-shaped and pure aragonite particles of30±5 nm in diameter were reproducibly synthesized when micron-sized cockle shells powders were mechanically stirred for 90 min at room temperature in presence of a nontoxic and nonhazardous biomineralization catalyst, dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS-12). The findings were verified using a combination of analytical techniques such as variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray analyser (EDX). The reproducibility and low cost of the method suggested that it could be used in industry for the large scale synthesis of aragonite nanoparticles from cockle shells, a low cost and easily available natural resource.

scholarly journals ZnO/CdS Bilayer used for Electrode in Photovoltaic Device

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Dang Tran Chien ◽  
Pham Duy Long ◽  
Pham Van Hoi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Bilayer Film ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Strong Adhesion ◽  
Cds Thin Films ◽  
Evaporation Technique

In this article we present the fabrication and characterization of the nanoporous ZnO and/or ZnO/CdS thin films onto indium doped-tin oxide (ITO) substrates, based on the thermal evaporation technique followed by thermal treatment. The preparation method was relatively simple and low-cost for large scale uniform coating to produce clean, dense and strong adhesion to substrate thin films. The nanostructured ZnO and ZnO/CdS thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The nanostructured ZnO/CdS bilayer film was used in a photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell as a working electrode and a Pt net as a counter electrode. The results show that the photovoltaic cell with nanostructured ZnO/CdS bilayer film electrode has significantly improved photoelectric capability in comparison with that of ZnO electrode.

Low Temperature Synthesis of TiO2 Nanorods with Tunable Aspect Ratios from Ti and NH4Cl Powders

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 2148-2151
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Yong Cai Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Tio2 Nanomaterials ◽  
Electronic Microscope

TiO2 nanorods with tunable aspect ratios were synthesized directly via heating different molar ratios of Ti and NH4Cl powders in air at 400 °C for 3 h. The resultant products have been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, and field emission scanning electronic microscope (FESEM). The proposed method is of simpleness, low temperature and low cost, which may be suitable for large scale production of multifunctional TiO2 nanomaterials

Growth and Characterization of Nanostructured Ag-ZnO for Application in Water Purification

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Barnasas ◽  
Michalis V. Karavasilis ◽  
Christos Aggelopoulos ◽  
Christos D. Tsakiroglou ◽  
Panagiotis Poulopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

In this work, a low-cost method to produce ZnO nanostructured materials for the treatment of water polluted with model organic pollutants (e.g. dyes) is presented. Zinc and silver-coated Zn (Ag/Zn) films, fabricated via sputtering method were naturally oxidized via a simple, low-temperature, scalable thermal process. During oxidation, Ag/ZnO nanorods were grown on Zn foils after treating their surface with various agents (e.g. acids) and annealing in an oven at temperatures 385-400 °C. The ZnO and Ag/ZnO films on Zn were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The cationic dye Methylene Blue (MB) was selected as model pollutant dissolved in water, and a batch photo-reactor was fabricated and used to to study the adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance of films. The transient varation of MB concentration in aqueous solutions was measured with UV-Vis spectroscopy. Ag/ZnO demonstrated a strong MB adsorbion capacity in dark conditions, and a satisfactory MB photocatalytic degradation under UV light irradiation.The optimized doping of Ag in Ag/ZnO film enhanced its photocatalytic activity, and seems well-promising for the potential scale-up of Ag/ZnO films, and use in large-scale systems for water purification under UV light irradiation.

Measurements of thermal radiation in ultralight metal foams with open cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 (11) ◽  
pp. 1297-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Y Zhao ◽  
T J Lu ◽  
H P Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Acoustic Liners ◽  
Radiative Conductivity ◽  
Significant Mechanism

Highly porous ultralightweight cellular metal foams with open cells have attractive mechanical, thermal, acoustic and other properties and are currently being exploited for hightemperature applications (e.g. acoustic liners for combustion chambers). In such circumstances, thermal radiation in the metal foam becomes a significant mechanism of heat transfer. This paper presents results from experimental measurements on radiative transfer in Fe-Cr-Al-Y (a steel-based high-temperature alloy) foams having high porosity (95 per cent) and different cell sizes, manufactured at low cost from the sintering route. The spectral transmittance and reflectance are measured at different infrared wavelengths ranging from 2.5 to 50 μ, which are subsequently used to determine the extinction coefficient and foam emissivity. The results show that the spectral quantities are strongly dependent on the wavelength, particularly in the short-wavelength regime (less than 25 μ). While the extinction coefficient decreases with increasing cell size, the effect of cell size on foam reflectance is not significant. When the temperature is increased, the total extinction coefficient increases but the total reflectance decreases. The effective radiative conductivity of the metal foam is obtained by using the guarded hot-plate apparatus. With the porosity fixed, the effective radiative conductivity increases with increasing cell size and increasing temperature.

scholarly journals Automated protein crystal optimisation with TTP Labtech's dragonfly

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1743-C1743
Author(s):  
Joby Jenkins ◽  
Gary Cochrane
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Resolution Structure ◽  
Crystallization Conditions ◽  
Screening Assays ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual

The ability to crystallise proteins, nucleic acids or macromolecular complexes pose significant challenges to the protein crystallography community, from large scale screening assays for the determination of initial crystallization conditions, screen optimisation and final screen set-up. Protein crystal optimisation is vital to ensure high quality X ray diffraction data for the solving of high resolution structure. This process involves the set-up of a series of complex screening combinations where the ratios of the individual components identified from primary crystallisation studies are varied. In order to reduce the effort and tedium of this process, TTP Labtech have introduced dragonfly as an addition to their successful mosquito liquid handling portfolio for crystallisation screening. This poster demonstrates that "dragonfly" is a valuable, compact, low cost addition to the crystallographer's bench. It eliminates lengthy and complicated plate set-up at the optimisation stage of crystallisation.

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