Transformation of the Globalization Process

2022 ◽  
pp. 138-153
Author(s):  
Ilona Švihlíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The World ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Transnational Company

This chapter focuses on the analysis of the globalization process as a phenomenon of the recent decades. The chapter starts with an analysis of the roots of globalization, which are a combination of economic policies and labour-saving technologies. Then the most powerful actor, the transnational company, is introduced, followed by the analysis of their position in the world division of labour. Special attention is given to the changes brought by financial crises, especially the Great Recession. The changing nature of globalization is demonstrated also via the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. At the end, the author presents possible future scenarios, applying them on the Czech Republic, as a country strongly connected with the world economy and placed in the position of a dependent economy.

scholarly journals The Fiscal Compact and the European Constitutions: ‘Europe Speaking German’

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
LB ◽  
JHR
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fiscal Compact

In between the writing of this editorial and the publication of this issue of EuConst, the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union, in everyday parlance the ‘Fiscal Compact’, will have been signed by the representatives of the governments of the contracting parties — the member states of the European Union minus the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic. The Fiscal Compact is intended to foster budgetary discipline, to strengthen the coordination of economic policies and to improve the governance of the euro area.

Globalization, Financial Development and Income Inequality

2015 ◽  
pp. 349-374
Author(s):  
Görkem Bahtiyar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Financial Liberalization ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The World ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Portfolio Investments

Globalization, as a concept has three main aspects: economic, political and social. Economic globalization in general, refers to the liberalization of trade between countries and increasing mobility of factors. In the case of factor mobility, capital flows come to the fore. Increasing capital mobility in the form of foreign direct investment and more importantly, portfolio investments, apart from causing a new international division of labour among regions of the world, also have important effects on the financialization phenomenon, changes in income distribution and changing institutional structures. Developments in information-telecommunication technologies, changing patterns in intellectual sphere, as well as in political and economic institutions especially after the mid-1970s play a role in the rise of financial globalization. Financial liberalization has been celebrated since McKinnon (1973)-Shaw (1973), but the Great Recession sparked doubts on the ability of unchecked financial development on providing a solid and fair foundation of economic development.

scholarly journals Mining processes of brick products in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 00007
Author(s):  
Jan Fiala ◽  
Miroslav Lapka ◽  
Jan Fiala jun ◽  
Milan Mikolas
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Ceramic Product ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Building Product ◽  
The World ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Great Wall

First technological process, which ceramic producers of ceramic products use for their future ceramic product is mining process. Mining methods, Transport methods and processing methods are basic technological processes. The process of drying, firing and shaping of brick products are specific. Babylonian gardens, Hagia Sofia, are one of the most beautiful churches that has ever been built. The great Wall of China, medieval castle Malbork from northern Poland not far from Gdansk`s bay which resembles small town, Skyscraper Chrysler Building in New York are the outstanding brick creations in the world. All of these buildings have one thing in common and that is material from which they were built. The material is brick, one of the simplest, the most beautiful, the most universal and the oldest building product which is known for moreover than 10 000 years [1]. Brick association of Czech and Moravia, nowadays unites 6 regular members with 19 plants where are created fired building materials. Furthermore it unites 7 associated members who ensure various services for brickmakers and 7 honorary members. Producers, members of brick association represent 92 % of Mason material capacity in the Czech Republic and 100 % of fired roofing tile capacity.

scholarly journals The competitiveness of Czech agrarian trade within the context of the global crisis

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Smutka ◽  
J. Burianová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The World ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Very High

World trade underwent a significant shock within the recent years, which caused a decline in the world economy primarily in the year 2009. Within the following years (2010 and 2011), the high rate of growth from the years preceding the crisis could not be restored. The crisis had an impact on all segments of the merchandise trade, whereby the trade in agricultural and food products was affected the least by the crisis. In the case of the Czech Republic, the crisis of the global and national economy was reflected in the case of agricultural trade primarily by the way of a decline in the rate of the growth of export, which was very high in the period prior to the crisis. As far as the territorial structure and commodity structure of agricultural trade is concerned, their development in the years 2008–2011 was not affected in any largely significant manner. In relation to the main objective of this article, which was to identify the effects of the crisis on the competitiveness of Czech agricultural trade, it may be stated that the crisis itself did not worsen the competitiveness of agricultural trade in any significant manner.  

scholarly journals Implementation of R&D Results and Industry 4.0 Influenced by Selected Macroeconomic Indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jena Švarcová ◽  
Tomáš Urbánek ◽  
Lucie Povolná ◽  
Eliška Sobotková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Close Link ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The Impact

Successful timing of INDUSTRY 4.0 projects in businesses can be disrupted by the coming of a recession. The authors assume a close link between INDUSTRY 4.0 and research and development (R&D) projects. R&D projects are statistically internationally monitored and have a significant impact on European Union economic policies. This article explores the impact of the two economic recessions in 2009 and 2012–2013 on the number of R&D entities and human resources involved in R&D in the Czech Republic. The method of multivariate statistics with dummy variables was used. Research has shown that different sectors (business sector, government sector, higher education sector, and non-profit sector) show a different development of the number of R&D entities in times of economic crisis. The research findings indicate that current European Union grant support, tax relief, and other specific factors appear to be more important for the development of R&D projects in the Czech Republic than the effects of economic recession. In terms of longer time horizons, however, the effects of the business cycle cannot be ignored. In order to predict economic development, enterprises and other subjects can use leading macroeconomic indicators.

Modular Green Roofs and their Usage in the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
M. Hejl ◽  
Martin Mohapl ◽  
Lukáš Bříza
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The World ◽  
Roof Panel

This article wants to introduce modular green roof systems and their usage in the world as well as in the Czech Republic, because green roofs are now used more than they have been constructed in any era in the history. Their construction is almost same as it was in previous centuries, so the obvious solution for their improvement is in the construction of themselves. Especially in the improvement of their construction time which should be lower with usage of modular system than at classical layer system of the green roofs. This research also wants to speak about construction system for individual types of green roof. Where the purpose of this article is to set optimal solution for modular green roof panel which will be economical and environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals Detection of Peach latent mosaic viroid by PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 249-251
Author(s):  
P. Ryšánek ◽  
M. Zouhar ◽  
M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The World ◽  
Infected Plant Material ◽  
Sensitive Method

Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) is widespread in peach all over the world. It has never been reported from the Czech Republic. That is why we adapted specific and sensitive method for its detection, PCR, to be able to prove its possible occurrence and for certification purposes. Primers PLMVdR, PLMVdF1 and PLMVdF2 were designed on the basis of published RNA sequences. Products of amplification are 208 and 114 bp long for PLMVdF1 and PLMVdF2, respectively. Four PLMVd isolates from Dr Di Serio (CNR Bari) were used as standards. Potato spindle tuber viroid and Hop latent viroid infected plant material and also healthy material were used to check detection specifity. Both RNA extraction from plant material and PCR were optimalized so that this method of PLMVd detection can also be used for certification purposes.

Study of Volatility and Party System Transformation in the 2010 Election of the Czech Chamber of Deputies

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Šedo
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Party System ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Chamber Of Deputies

The paper deals with measuring volatility in the election of the Chamber of Deputies in the Czech Republic, calculated for both national and regional levels (the latter being the level of electoral constituencies). The main aim of the paper is to identify the link between the gains and losses of parties, and the volatility of a region. In comparison with the 2006 election, an overall increase in volatility was recorded in 2010, but most of the more volatile regions remained the same in both elections compared. Volatility on the regional level is strongly connected with the losses of the previously governing parties (in office 2006-9) and with the gains of the strongest new party, TOP09. We also compare three possible calculations of volatility involving the category of “other” parties. In calculating volatility we could not recommend the omission of “other” parties from the numerator without a corresponding change in the denominator. As for the remaining two methods (“other” parties calculated as one bloc, or “other” parties omitted both in the numerator and the denominator), future comparisons would be required.

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