Nanoemulsion and Its Application in Pesticide Formulation

2022 ◽  
pp. 401-424
Author(s):  
Khemnath Patir
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Colloidal Dispersion ◽  
World Population ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Pesticide Formulation

A nanoemulsion is a colloidal dispersion that contains very small particles with size in the range of 20-200 nm, which may be of the oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) types depending on whether the oil is dispersed as droplets in water or vice versa. Pesticides play a critical role in controlling agriculture and ensuring food safety. In the future, the utilization of pesticides will become even more important to solve food security problems associated with providing an adequate food supply for the growing world population. Hence, development of new techniques for nanoemulsions formulation in the field of agriculture and forestry are necessary. In this chapter, the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanoemulsion in pesticides formulation are reviewed. In addition, the effect of antifungal or insecticidal and antimicrobial enhancement activity of nanoemulsions with size, composition, and stability are also discussed.

Food safety and methods to ensure food security in the face of climate change.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jyoti Tripathi ◽  
◽  
Prasad S. Variyar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Food

Serious social, economic, and ecological consequences of climate change due to the high levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in our atmosphere resulting from a wide range of human activities including the burning of fossil fuels and land use have impacted weather events world over. Extreme weather events and warmer global temperatures are likely to be more frequent with an adverse overall effect on agricultural production unless there is an urgent reduction in GHG emissions. There is thus an immediate need for increasing adaptive capacity in agriculture to long-term climatic trends and increasing variability in weather patterns. Climate change also poses significant challenges to global food safety due to the emergence of new pathogens, insect pests, and toxicants. Food safety threats cause an enormous burden on economies due to disruptions or restrictions in global and regional agrifood trade, food loss, and associated income. Food safety thus plays a critical role across the four pillars of food security—availability, access, utilization, and stability. Climate change is likely to create new safety issues entailing reassessing our tolerance to risk and safety limits presently established for the human food chain. The present review focuses on the factors affecting food security and safety as a consequence of climate change and the pre- and postharvest strategies that need to be adopted to mitigate these effects for enhancing food safety and global food sufficiency in future.

Food safety and methods to ensure food security in the face of climate change.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (015) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Food

Abstract Serious social, economic, and ecological consequences of climate change due to the high levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in our atmosphere resulting from a wide range of human activities including the burning of fossil fuels and land use have impacted weather events world over. Extreme weather events and warmer global temperatures are likely to be more frequent with an adverse overall effect on agricultural production unless there is an urgent reduction in GHG emissions. There is thus an immediate need for increasing adaptive capacity in agriculture to long-term climatic trends and increasing variability in weather patterns. Climate change also poses significant challenges to global food safety due to the emergence of new pathogens, insect pests, and toxicants. Food safety threats cause an enormous burden on economies due to disruptions or restrictions in global and regional agrifood trade, food loss, and associated income. Food safety thus plays a critical role across the four pillars of food security-availability, access, utilization, and stability. Climate change is likely to create new safety issues entailing reassessing our tolerance to risk and safety limits presently established for the human food chain. The present review focuses on the factors affecting food security and safety as a consequence of climate change and the pre- and postharvest strategies that need to be adopted to mitigate these effects for enhancing food safety and global food sufficiency in future.

scholarly journals 452 The importance of animals to food security and agricultural sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 181-182
Author(s):  
Lawrence Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food System ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Water Source ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Adequate Food

Abstract Worldwide nearly a billion people are estimated to be malnourished, including 140 million children under age 5, leading to permanent impairment of their physical and cognitive development (WHO; http://www.unscn.org/layout/modules/resources/files/rwns5.pdf). In addition, 1 in 9 humans worldwide do not have regular access to clean, healthy drinking water, and 1 in 4 use a drinking water source contaminated with feces [WHO (World Health Organization); https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water]. Providing adequate food and water will become an even bigger challenge during the remainder of this century given the projected nearly 50% increase in the world’s population [from its current 7.6 to 11.2 billion by 2100; Garland, Science 346:234–7, 2014 and World Population Prospects, UN, 2015 (the U.S. is projected to experience a similar increase in population; https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2014/demo/popproj/2014-summary-tables.html)]. These problems are why the top 2 of the United Nation’s 17 current “Sustainable Development Goals” are to “End poverty in all its forms everywhere” (Goal 1) and to “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture” (Goal 2). Because most arable land worldwide is already in use, and water and energy also are limiting, increased production of food will require a substantial increase in efficiency (Reynolds et al., Journal of Nutrition 145:1377–9, 2015). This talk will discuss how animal-sourced foods, when consumed in appropriate amounts as part of a balanced diet, provide essential nutrients for humans and are important to a healthy diet. In addition, we will discuss how animals are critical to continuation of the “Green Revolution,” which will be key to the sustainability of agricultural systems. In addition, addressing various potential problems associated with production of food animals, including water availability and quality, greenhouse gas emissions, animal welfare, overgrazing, food waste, and complexity of the food system(s), will require highly motivated and well-trained animal scientists.

scholarly journals Ocular growth and metabolomics are dependent upon the spectral content of ambient white light

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond P. Najjar ◽  
Juan Manuel Chao De La Barca ◽  
Veluchamy A. Barathi ◽  
Candice Ee Hua Ho ◽  
Jing Zhan Lock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
World Population ◽  
Spectral Content ◽  
Ocular Growth ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolism ◽  
Therapy Strategies ◽  
Indoor Lighting ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMyopia results from an excessive axial growth of the eye, causing abnormal projection of remote images in front of the retina. Without adequate interventions, myopia is forecasted to affect 50% of the world population by 2050. Exposure to outdoor light plays a critical role in preventing myopia in children, possibly through the brightness and blue-shifted spectral composition of sunlight, which lacks in artificial indoor lighting. Here, we evaluated the impact of moderate levels of ambient standard white (SW: 233.1 lux, 3900 K) and blue-enriched white (BEW: 223.8 lux, 9700 K) lights on ocular growth and metabolomics in a chicken-model of form-deprivation myopia. Compared to SW light, BEW light decreased aberrant ocular axial elongation and accelerated recovery from form-deprivation. Furthermore, the metabolomic profiles in the vitreous and retinas of recovering form-deprived eyes were distinct from control eyes and were dependent on the spectral content of ambient light. For instance, exposure to BEW light was associated with deep lipid remodeling and metabolic changes related to energy production, cell proliferation, collagen turnover and nitric oxide metabolism. This study provides new insight on light-dependent modulations in ocular growth and metabolomics. If replicable in humans, our findings open new potential avenues for spectrally-tailored light-therapy strategies for myopia.

scholarly journals Social Media Versus Personal Experience in the Consumer’s Apprehension on Imported Food Security and Safety Dilemma

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110074
Author(s):  
Tariq H. Malik ◽  
Jae Chul Choi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Information Quantity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Aquatic Food

South Korea imports a large amount of agricultural and aquatic food products from China, which meets its food security. However, the import from China raises food safety questions, leading to food safety apprehension. We explored the source of the Korean consumer’s apprehension. Based on the apprehension reduction theory (ART) developed from interviews with Korean consumers in the first stage of the study, we conducted a survey to assess the social media as an indirect source of information and direct experience of the consumer in the second stage of the study. We received 504 responses, of which 1/3 of the respondents had visited China in the last year. Using FSS (Food Safety Satisfaction) as the dependent variable (1— low to 5— high), we link information from the social media vis-à-vis direct experience and made three discoveries. (a) The information quantity of social media increases the consumer’s apprehension, partially refuting the ART. (ii) FSS increased in response to information flow from the direct experience of the consumer with Chinese imported food. (c) The direct information from experience mediates the effects of indirect information (social media) on apprehension about agricultural and aquatic product imports. We made three inferences. First, information quantity and quality have separated roles in the ART. Second, social media increases the free-market style information flow, turning legitimate products to illegitimate and vice versa. Third, the collective irrationality from the information quantity needs institutional bricolage to legitimize the chaotic nature of the untamed information.

A Review of Aquaculture Practices and Their Impacts on Chemical Food Safety from a Regulatory Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe O Boison ◽  
Sherri B Turnipseed
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Regulatory Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Aquaculture Industry

Abstract Aquaculture is currently one of the most rapidly growing food production industries in the world. The increasing global importance for this industry stems primarily from the fact that it is reducing the gap between the supply and demand for fish products. Commercial aquaculture contributes significantly to the economies of many countries since high-value fish species are a major source of foreign exchange. This review looks at the aquaculture industry, the issues raised by the production of fish through aquaculture for food security, the sustainability of the practice to agriculture, what the future holds for the industry in the next 10-20 years, and why there is a need to have available analytical procedures to regulate the safe use of chemicals and veterinary drugs in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Nutrigenomics: Definitions and Advances of This New Science

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. R. Sales ◽  
P. B. Pelegrini ◽  
M. C. Goersch
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
World Population ◽  
New Science ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Human Genome Project

The search for knowledge regarding healthy/adequate food has increased in the last decades among the world population, researchers, nutritionists, and health professionals. Since ancient times, humans have known that environment and food can interfere with an individual’s health condition, and have used food and plants as medicines. With the advance of science, especially after the conclusion of the Human Genome Project (HGP), scientists started questioning if the interaction between genes and food bioactive compounds could positively or negatively influence an individual’s health. In order to assess this interaction between genes and nutrients, the term “Nutrigenomics” was created. Hence, Nutrigenomics corresponds to the use of biochemistry, physiology, nutrition, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics to seek and explain the existing reciprocal interactions between genes and nutrients at a molecular level. The discovery of these interactions (gene-nutrient) will aid the prescription of customized diets according to each individual’s genotype. Thus, it will be possible to mitigate the symptoms of existing diseases or to prevent future illnesses, especially in the area of Nontransmissible Chronic Diseases (NTCDs), which are currently considered an important world public health problem.

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