A Perception of Prejudice in Face-to-Face Retail Services

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirian Palmeira ◽  
Denise Palmeira ◽  
Cassia Maria dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Retail Service ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The Face ◽  
Retail Services ◽  
Older Men And Women

The aim of this study is to identify customers’ perception of prejudice related to age, gender and appearance in face-to-face retail services. The results, through quantitative research, Likert-scale process and simple statistics, show that young women (51.28%) and men (36.36%), and older men and women(68.42% women, 36.36% men) have perceived that well-dressed young female customer receive face-to-face retail services prior to everybody else if there is not a clear queuing process in the retail area, and almost both young women (48.72%) and men (48.48%) and the older groups (31.58% of the women and 63.64% of men) believe that a badly-dressed young man is the last to have the service. Retail companies should provide training to their staff to avoid behaviour that leads customers to believe that there is prejudice in the service process and develop a clear queuing system in the face-to-face retail service spatial environment.

Frontline Employees' Self-Perception of Ageism, Sexism, and Lookism

2014 ◽  
pp. 275-296
Author(s):  
Mirian Palmeira
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
Frontline Employees ◽  
Food Retailing ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Retail Services

The aim of this chapter is to identify whether frontline employees perceived themselves as having feelings of sexism, ageism, and appearance discrimination against customers in retail services. This investigation is a quantitative research, a conclusive description (Gil, 2002), and ex post facto study, which utilises a survey to collect the data and sampling by convenience. Three protocols are used (1) to format the questionnaire, (2) to produce 12 different standards combining age, gender, and appearance, and (3) to create social classification (Rattam, 1998). In a previous study (Palmeira, Palmeira, & Santos, 2012), customers of different ages and genders perceived some degree of prejudice and discrimination in face-to-face retail services. Now, on the other side of the coin, frontline employees who work in Fashion and Food retailing recognise that there is prejudiced behaviour against customers, depending on their age, gender, and appearance, when providing them with face-to-face retail services. More than 95% of female and more than 64% of male attendants believe that well-dressed, young female customers are given priority when being served. Almost 80% of female and only 58% of male frontline workers believe that badly-dressed middle-aged men (not younger men) are the last to be served when there is no clear queuing process in the retail spatial area. This context strongly suggests the growing importance of an interpersonal skills training process for an organisations' staff as a way of avoiding behaviour that makes the customers think that there are prejudice and discrimination in the service process, as well as ASL development (T&D against Ageism, Sexism, and Lookism) being part of the strategic statements.

Hemodynamics and brain blood flow during posture change in younger women and postmenopausal women compared with age-matched men

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 1482-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Edgell ◽  
A. D. Robertson ◽  
R. L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Forearm Vascular Resistance

Increased incidence of orthostatic hypotension and presyncopal symptoms in young women could be related to hormonal factors that might be isolated by comparing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to postural change in young and older men and women. Seven young women, 11 young men, 10 older women (>1 yr postmenopausal, no hormone therapy), and 9 older men participated in a supine-to-sit-to-stand test while measuring systemic hemodynamics, end-tidal Pco2, and blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Women had a greater reduction in stroke volume index compared with age-matched men (change from supine to standing: young women: −22.9 ± 1.6 ml/m2; young men: −14.4 ± 2.4 ml/m2; older women: −17.4 ± 3.3 ml/m2; older men: −13.8 ± 2.2 ml/m2). This was accompanied by offsetting changes in heart rate, particularly in young women, resulting in no age or sex differences in cardiac output index. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher in older subjects and increased with movement to upright postures. Younger men and women had higher forearm vascular resistance that increased progressively in the upright posture compared with older men and women. There was no difference between sexes or ages in total peripheral resistance index. Women had higher MCA velocity, but both sexes had reduced MCA velocity while upright, which was a function of reduced blood pressure at the MCA and a significant reduction in end-tidal Pco2. The reductions in stroke volume index suggested impaired venous return in women, but augmented responses of heart rate and forearm vascular resistance protected MAP in younger women. Overall, these results showed significant sex and age-related differences, but compensatory mechanisms preserved MAP and MCA velocity in young women.

Frontline Employees' Self-Perception of Ageism, Sexism, and Lookism

2017 ◽  
pp. 281-303
Author(s):  
Mirian Palmeira
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
Frontline Employees ◽  
Food Retailing ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Retail Services

The aim of this chapter is to identify whether frontline employees perceived themselves as having feelings of sexism, ageism, and appearance discrimination against customers in retail services. This investigation is a quantitative research, a conclusive description (Gil, 2002), and ex post facto study, which utilises a survey to collect the data and sampling by convenience. Three protocols are used (1) to format the questionnaire, (2) to produce 12 different standards combining age, gender, and appearance, and (3) to create social classification (Rattam, 1998). In a previous study (Palmeira, Palmeira, & Santos, 2012), customers of different ages and genders perceived some degree of prejudice and discrimination in face-to-face retail services. Now, on the other side of the coin, frontline employees who work in Fashion and Food retailing recognise that there is prejudiced behaviour against customers, depending on their age, gender, and appearance, when providing them with face-to-face retail services. More than 95% of female and more than 64% of male attendants believe that well-dressed, young female customers are given priority when being served. Almost 80% of female and only 58% of male frontline workers believe that badly-dressed middle-aged men (not younger men) are the last to be served when there is no clear queuing process in the retail spatial area. This context strongly suggests the growing importance of an interpersonal skills training process for an organisations' staff as a way of avoiding behaviour that makes the customers think that there are prejudice and discrimination in the service process, as well as ASL development (T&D against Ageism, Sexism, and Lookism) being part of the strategic statements.

Sympathetic Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure: Influences of Sex and Aging

Physiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. J. Hart ◽  
N. Charkoudian
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Peripheral Vasodilator ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

Sex and age have important influences on sympathetic neural control of blood pressure in humans. Young women are relatively protected against risk of hypertension due to greater peripheral vasodilator influences compared with young men and older people. This protective effect is lost at menopause. Older men and women have higher sympathetic nerve activity and tighter coupling between SNA and blood pressure, contributing to the increased risk of hypertension with aging.

scholarly journals TRAINING STUDENTS FROM PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALTIES OF TRAKIA UNIVERSITY (STARA ZAGORA, BULGARIA) TO DEVELOP ELECTRONIC TESTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Marian Delchev
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
E Learning

Background: The evolution and application of digital didactic tests for the evaluation of the knowledge and skills of pupils has become a major element in the academic training of students who opted for pedagogical specialties. This reflects the strong propensity for the optimization and improvement of the efficacy of teaching. This article puts forward a scientific research as well as a case study on first-hand experience in training students from pedagogical specialties in academic diagnostics and examination, together with practical tasks geared towards the formation of professional digital competence with regard to the employment of ICT in diagnostic procedures through classical, face-to-face, and mixed-form training. Objectives: The main aim of the study is to examine particular characteristics and opportunities, and to analyze the efficiency of the training provided for the development and design of electronic tests by future teachers in the course of the scholastic training. Methods: The experiment involved qualitative and quantitative research. The following techniques were applied: observation, content analysis, and mathematical and statistical methods of data processing. The statistical methods employed were the non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The survey included 150 students from three specialties in the Faculty of Pedagogy at Trakia University of Stara Zagora. The framework and composition of the e-learning course and the details of the face-to-face follow-up training are explained briefly. Aggregated data from the learning management system’s, Moodle’s, logs is also provided alongside representative observation data, and a summary with remarks on the findings from the practical classes with the students is also presented. Conclusion: A comparative scrutiny of the learning outcomes was conducted and the principal dependencies and typical merits and demerits of the two forms of training were identified and portrayed in the article. The variation in the end results was found to be statistically significant.

Gender and Differences in Online Teaching Styles

2011 ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karinda Rankin Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching Styles ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Online Distance Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Research On Teaching ◽  
The Face ◽  
Online Distance ◽  
Teaching Learning

Researchers interested in the role gender plays in the educational environment have investigated differences in the teaching styles of men and women in the face-to-face classroom (Caplan, 1994; Clegg, Trayhurn, & Johnson, 2000; Proost, Elen, & Lowyck, 1997; Statham, Richardson, & Cook, 1991; Sullivan, 1999). In distance education, the differences between the teaching styles of men and women are similar to those noted in the face-to-face classroom (Barrett, 2004; Dupin-Bryant, 2004). In both educational settings, men and women prefer different teaching styles. In the face-to-face classroom, differences in the teaching styles of male and female faculty members have depicted women as leaning more towards a learner-centered style than men, even though men and women are exposed to similar experiences in their own educational endeavors (Moulton, 1992; Scotney, 1986; Statham et al., 1991; Stickney-Taylor & Sasse, 1990). The purpose of this discussion is to use research on teaching styles to provide more information about the online environment for those who will be teaching, learning, or administrating online distance education.

scholarly journals KOMUNIKASI KELUARGA MASYARAKAT KOTA DAN DESA DI ERA TEKNOLOGI KOMUNIKASI

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Vience Mutiara Rumata
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Family Communication ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Communication Pattern ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Face ◽  
Family Communication Pattern

This is a research to explore the familial communication pattern in the era of communication technology. There are three domains that being explored in this research: the face to face communication, internet mediated communication, and the family communication pattern theory. This is a quantitative research. The primary data derives from survey in 12 provinces with sample of 1,189 respondents. There are two hypotheses that being tested: 1) the usage of communication technology (internet) has profund impact to the face to face communication; 2 )the usage of communication technology (internet) has profund impact to the family communication pattern. The Pearson chi-square is conducted to test the significant relations of these hypotheses. The result: the communication technology has profund impact to the family communication pattern, but not to the face to face communication. The internet communication duration in family is relatively low both in urban and rural. However, high duration and frequency of face to face communication in family is found in urban than rural. The dominant family communication type is consensual which means high dialogue and conformity.Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi kecenderungan tipe komunikasi dalam lingkungan keluarga di era teknologi komunikasi. Setidaknya tiga hal yang dieksplorasi dalam penelitian ini: pola komunikasi tatap muka, pola komunikasi via internet, serta tipe komunikasi keluarga berdasarkan teori pola komunikasi keluarga. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data primer melalui survei pada 12 provinsi dengan jumlah sampel responden mencapai 1.189 orang. Dua hipotesis yang diuji: 1) penggunaan teknologi komunikasi (internet) berdampak signifikan terhadap komunikasi tatap muka; dan 2) penggunaan teknologi komunikasi berdampak pada komunikasi keluarga. Hasil temuan penelitian ini adalah uji kedua hipotesis dengan pearson chi-square terdapat teknologi komunikasi berdampak signifikan terhadap tipe komunikasi keluarga, tetapi tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap komunikasi tatap muka. Hasil survei menemukan bahwa durasi komunikasi via internet dengan anggota keluarga rendah, baik di kota maupun desa. Durasi dan frekuensi komunikasi tatap muka yang tinggi hanya ditemukan di kota, tidak di desa. Tipe komunikasi keluarga yang dominan adalah konsensual baik di kota maupun desa. Artinya, komunikasi dialogis antara orang tua dan anak tinggi, tetapi orang tua memegang kendali dalam pengambilan keputusan di dalam keluarga. 

Digital Contact Does Not Promote Wellbeing, but Face-to-Face Does: A Cross-National Survey During the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Newson ◽  
Marwa El Zein ◽  
Justin Sulik ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Guillaume Dezecache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Contact ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
The Face ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Cross National

With restrictions on opportunities for face to face (FtF) interactions, Covid-19 lockdowns test the promises of digitally mediated communication (DMC) to foster social contact and wellbeing. In a multinational sample (n= 6436), we investigated how different modes of contact relate to wellbeing during a global pandemic. DMC was more popular than FtF and Covid-19 death rates played a bigger role in DMC use than state stringency measures. FtF contact was positively associated and messaging negatively associated with wellbeing. FtF was especially positive for people who did not perceive any loved ones in their household as vulnerable to the disease, yet did not vary with people’s perception of their own vulnerability. The results suggest that, in the face of the pandemic, men and women of all ages relied on DMC over FtF contact. Despite tangible costs to wellbeing, during the pandemic, people endeavoured to be physically distanced but not socially isolated.

Supporting the Use of Rudimentary Vocalizations

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Zubow ◽  
Richard Hurtig
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
The Face

Children with Rett Syndrome (RS) are reported to use multiple modalities to communicate although their intentionality is often questioned (Bartolotta, Zipp, Simpkins, & Glazewski, 2011; Hetzroni & Rubin, 2006; Sigafoos et al., 2000; Sigafoos, Woodyatt, Tuckeer, Roberts-Pennell, & Pittendreigh, 2000). This paper will present results of a study analyzing the unconventional vocalizations of a child with RS. The primary research question addresses the ability of familiar and unfamiliar listeners to interpret unconventional vocalizations as “yes” or “no” responses. This paper will also address the acoustic analysis and perceptual judgments of these vocalizations. Pre-recorded isolated vocalizations of “yes” and “no” were presented to 5 listeners (mother, father, 1 unfamiliar, and 2 familiar clinicians) and the listeners were asked to rate the vocalizations as either “yes” or “no.” The ratings were compared to the original identification made by the child's mother during the face-to-face interaction from which the samples were drawn. Findings of this study suggest, in this case, the child's vocalizations were intentional and could be interpreted by familiar and unfamiliar listeners as either “yes” or “no” without contextual or visual cues. The results suggest that communication partners should be trained to attend to eye-gaze and vocalizations to ensure the child's intended choice is accurately understood.

The Case of Thematic Tests Adapted to Older Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Verdon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Projective Tests ◽  
New Material ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Latent Content

Since the 1950s, the growing interest of clinicians in using projective tests to study normal or pathological aging processes has led to the creation of several thematic tests for older adults. This development reflects their authors’ belief that the TAT is not suitable to the concerns and anxieties of elderly persons. The new material thus refers explicitly to situations related to age; it aims to enable older persons to express needs they cannot verbalize during consultations. The psychodynamic approach to thematic testing is based on the differentiation between the pictures’ manifest and latent content, eliciting responses linked to mental processes and issues the respondent is unaware of. The cards do not necessarily have to show aging characters to elicit identification: The situations shown in the pictures are linked to loss, rivalry, helplessness, and renunciation, all issues elderly respondents can identify with and that lead them to express their mental fragilities and resources. The article first explains the principles underlying four of these thematic tests, then develops several examples of stories told for card 3BM of the TAT, thus showing the effectiveness of this tool for the understanding and differentiation of loss-related issues facing older men and women.

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