Police Service Crime Mapping as Civic Technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Scassa
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
North America ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Crime Mapping ◽  
The Public ◽  
Police Services ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
The City ◽  
Civic Technology

It is increasingly common for municipal police services in North America to make online crime maps available to the public. This form of civic technology is now so widely used that there is a competitive private sector market for crime mapping platforms. This paper considers the crime maps made available by three Canadian police forces using platforms developed by U.S.-based private sector corporations. The paper considers how these crime maps present particular narratives of crime in the city, evaluates the quality of the mapped data, and explores how laws shape and constrain the use and reuse of crime data. It considers as well the problems that may arise in using off-the-shelf solutions – particularly ones developed in another country. It asks whether this model of crime mapping advances or limits goals of transparency and accountability, and what lessons it offers about the use of private sector civic technologies to serve public sector purposes.

Police Service Crime Mapping as Civic Technology

2019 ◽  
pp. 308-323
Author(s):  
Teresa Scassa
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Crime Mapping ◽  
Police Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Police Services ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
The City ◽  
Civic Technology

It is increasingly common for municipal police services in North America to make online crime maps available to the public. This form of civic technology is now so widely used that there is a competitive private sector market for crime mapping platforms. This paper considers the crime maps made available by three Canadian police forces using platforms developed by U.S.-based private sector corporations. The paper considers how these crime maps present particular narratives of crime in the city, evaluates the quality of the mapped data, and explores how laws shape and constrain the use and reuse of crime data. It considers as well the problems that may arise in using off-the-shelf solutions – particularly ones developed in another country. It asks whether this model of crime mapping advances or limits goals of transparency and accountability, and what lessons it offers about the use of private sector civic technologies to serve public sector purposes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of rational prescribing and dispensing of medicines in Mali

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaya Coulibaly ◽  
Fanta Sangho ◽  
Aboubacar Alassane Oumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quality Of Prescribing

Objective: The drug policy of Mali is based on the concept of essential generic drugs. The adoption of generic drugs in a program is often accompanied by irrational use of these drugs precisely because of the availability of these drugs. Thus, this study was initiated to assess the quality of prescribing and dispensing drugs in Mali. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 2004 to 2013, the survey was conducted in 20 primary health centers and 20 private pharmacies in three regions of the country. In each of these structures, 30 prescriptions filled at the time of the survey were collected. Results: The average number of drugs per prescription was 3.0 ± 1.3 and 2.4 ± 1.2, respectively, in the public and private sectors. Prescription of drugs under international name was 91.6% in the public sector and 37.2% in the private sector. The public sector prescribed 33.7% of injectable drug against 16.2% in the private sector (p <0.001). The average cost of a prescription was lower in the public sector (3415.3 FCFA or 5.21euros) than in the private sector (7111 FCFA or 10.85 euros).Conclusion: Generic drugs are commonly used in the public, but much less in the private sector. The treatment guidelines are already available, should be introduced interactively to medical practitioners, through visits and intensive supervision by more experienced managers in the hierarchy, it would be likely to improve the quality of prescribing practitioners.

scholarly journals Digitalization of Global Economy: A Qualitative Study Exploring Key Indicators use to Measure Digital Progress in the Public Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Frank Febiri ◽  
Miloslav Hub
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
It Projects ◽  
The Public ◽  
It Systems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Indicators

Research background: The digitalization of the global economy is the most common phenomenon in the 21st century. Most Public sector organizations have already started their journeys towards digitalization, and many of them have dealt with their contemporary challenges with success. At the center of these transformations are metrics and indicators used for evaluating digital progress. Already existing measures focus on numerical measures of the presence of digital technology in the public sector (output measures), but do not evaluate the quality of the digitalized public sector (outcome measures). Purpose of the article: This paper attempts to evaluate metrics and indicators used for measuring the digital progress in the public sector. Methods: Three particular aspects of digitalization in the top five leading countries (Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, and Malta) were examined: I. success rate of public sector IT projects (measured by how often projects are scrapped); II. The price comparability between the public sector and private sector IT projects; and III. The relative modernity of government IT systems (compared to private sector systems). Findings & Value added: The findings of this paper present key metrics and indicators that can be used to evaluate public sector digital progress. Policymakers will need to redefine digitalization goals and areas of investments, while researchers can contribute more insights to the individual impact of these metrics and indicators on the development of a digital public sector. To this end, the paper contributes to a better understanding of the essential metrics and indicators to measure digitalization progress in the public sector.

scholarly journals Graduate programs in education, exploring its meaning and significance of training

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Rosario Landín Miranda ◽  
Diana Ramírez Hernández ◽  
Félix Eduardo Núñez Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Symbolic Interactionism ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Inductive Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

In this research, we present an analysis carried out in the city of Poza Rica, state of Veracruz, Mexico on the meaning and significance of education that students attribute to the master programs related to education. We base this work from the Theory of Social Representations of Serge Moscovici (1961) and the Method of Symbolic Interactionism of Herbert Blumer (1969), this research is consistent with the educational policies in the training of professionals, due that from an inductive study with a cualitative perspective, we can do an analysis with more relevance on the impact that the offer of postgraduate has on the training of current professionals. Two study contexts were taken: masters in education offered in the public sector and masters in education offered in the private sector. As well, the agencies that shape the policies for the evaluation of postgraduate programs in Mexico, particularly with emphasis on the CONACYT framework.

The quality of care in outpatient primary care in public and private sectors in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Chien Chin ◽  
Sheamini Sivasampu ◽  
Nilmini Wijemunige ◽  
Ravindra P Rannan-Eliya ◽  
Rifat Atun
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa

Abstract In Malaysia, first-contact, primary care is provided by parallel public and private sectors, which are completely separate in organization, financing and governance. As the country considers new approaches to financing, including using public schemes to pay for private care, it is crucial to examine the quality of clinical care in the two sectors to make informed decisions on public policy. This study intends to measure and compare the quality of clinical care between public and private primary care services in Malaysia and, to the extent possible, assess quality with the developed economies that Malaysia aspires to join. We carried out a retrospective analysis of the National Medical Care Survey 2014, a nationally representative survey of doctor–patient encounters in Malaysia. We assessed clinical quality for 27 587 patient encounters using data on 66 internationally validated quality indicators. Aggregate scores were constructed, and comparisons made between the public and private sectors. Overall, patients received the recommended care just over half the time (56.5%). The public sector performed better than the private sector, especially in the treatment of acute conditions, chronic conditions and in prescribing practices. Both sectors performed poorly in the indicators that are most resource intensive, suggesting that resource constraints limit overall quality. A comparison with 2003 data from the USA, suggests that performance in Malaysia was similar to that a decade earlier in the USA for common indicators. The public sector showed better performance in clinical care than the private sector, contrary to common perceptions in Malaysia and despite providing worse consumer quality. The overall quality of outpatient clinical care in Malaysia appears comparable to other developed countries, yet there are gaps in quality, such as in the management of hypertension, which should be tackled to improve overall health outcomes.

scholarly journals Hedonic indexes for public and private housing in Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Porfirio Guevara ◽  
Robert Hill ◽  
Michael Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Housing ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Purpose This study aims to show how hedonic methods can be used to compare the performance of the public and private sector housing markets in Costa Rica. Design/methodology/approach Hedonic price indexes are computed using the adjacent-period method. Average housing quality is measured by comparing hedonic and median price indexes. The relative performance of the public and private sector residential construction is compared by estimating separate hedonic models for each sector. A private sector price is then imputed for each house built in the public sector, and a public sector price is imputed for each house built in the private sector. Findings The real quality-adjusted price of private housing rose by 12 per cent between 2000 and 2013, whereas the price of private housing rose by 9 per cent. The average quality of private housing rose by 45 per cent, whereas that of public housing fell by 18 per cent. Nevertheless, the hedonic imputation analysis reveals that public housing could not be produced more cheaply in the private sector. Social implications The quality of public housing has declined over time. The hedonic analysis shows that the decline is not because of a lack of competition between construction firms in the public sector. An alternative demand side explanation is provided. Originality/value This study applies hedonic methods in novel ways to compare the relative performance of the public and private housing sectors in Costa Rica. The results shed new light on the effectiveness of public sector housing programs.

Measuring the performance efficiency of banks in a developing economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sashank Chaluvadi ◽  
Rakesh Raut ◽  
Bhaskar B. Gardas
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
Quality Category ◽  
Indian Banks

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure and evaluate the performance efficiency of 44 Indian commercial banks, out of which 26 banks belong to the public sector, and 18 banks are from the private sector for the period of 2008-2013. Design/methodology/approach The two-stage network data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach (i.e. variable return to scale and constant return to scale) is used for the measurement of performance in the Indian banking sector. To verify the robustness of the proposed study, sensitivity analysis is also performed. Findings A comparative study between public sector banks (PSBs) and private sector banks (PVBs) showed that latter being more productive compared to the former. The investigation highlighted that two banks are most efficient among the PSBs, and eight banks from PVBs are found to be most effective. On the other side, the performance of State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur and Lakshmi Vilas Bank is discovered to be less significant from PSB and PVB category, respectively. Research limitations/implications This study will guide the Indian banks to improve upon the factors in which they are lagging, for the improvement of their overall performance. The quality category parameters, i.e. quality of service, quality of equipment, are not considered due to unavailability of information in the output measures, and the methodology used for the study does not identify the causes or remedies for the inefficiency of the banks. Originality/value The developed DEA model would help the decision maker to take decisions on the issues related to the performance of the banks. This paper discusses very practical issues in an analytic manner.

scholarly journals Monitoring Cardiovascular Medicine Prices as a Tool for Analyzing the Effectiveness of Government Intervetions to Ensure Access to Medicines at the Regional Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-924
Author(s):  
C. M. Razzakova ◽  
L. E. Ziganshina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Generic Medicines ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reference Prices ◽  
Medicine Prices ◽  
The City

Aim. The aim of our study was to continue a comparative analysis of availability and access to cardiovascular medicines in 2017 and 2018 in the city of Kazan according to the original WHO/HAI methodology to assess the effectiveness of government interventions to ensure access to medicines.Material and methods. We performed a comparative analysis of prices of cardiovascular medicines in 2017 and 2018 in Kazan using the World Health Organization and Health Action International (WHO/HAI) methodology, to assess medicines' availability and affordability to ensure their rational use. We studied availability and prices of 71 cardiovascular medicines in public and private pharmacies in the city of Kazan and analyzed procurement prices of these medicines in hospitals. Also we studied the affordability of medicines, as well as performed pharmacoeconomic cost-minimization analysis for arterial hypertension pharmacotherapy in 2018. For each name, we studied the prices for the original brand and its lowest-priced generic. We compared medicine prices with international reference, delivered by the Management Sciences for Health and by expressing them as median price ratio (MPR).Results. In the public sector, prices of generic medicines were at the level of reference prices with the indicators of MPR 1.14 [0.41-1.84] and 1.17 [0.49-2.21], in 2017 and 2018 respectively. In the private sector, prices of generics reduced 2 times in 2018 compared to 2017, with the decrease in MPR from 2.22 [1.12-3.91] to 1.25 [0.44-2.32], (p<0.05). In the public sector, the affordability indicators of generics were the same in the studied years (Me=0.24 in 2017 and Me=0.26 in 2018). However, in the private sector there was a 2.5 times reduction in the affordability of generics (reduction Me from 0.66 to 0.24, p<0.05) in 2018 compared to 2017. From 2017 to 2018 the affordability of original brands changed from 1.9 to 1.3 in the public sector and from 2.3 to 1.5 in the private sector, but this change was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In 2018, depending on the choice of the medicine the annual course of therapy of hypertension varied from 149 to 28835 rubles.Conclusions. In 2018, the prices of generic cardiovascular medicines, but not of originator brands, reached the level of reference prices in both the public and private sectors of Kazan. According to the WHO/HAI methodology, generic cardiovascular medicines became affordable. In the private sector, there was a reduction in the prices of generic medicines, but not of originator brands, with an improvement of affordability of generics in 2018 compared to 2017.

scholarly journals PERCEPTION OF PATIENTS REGARDING QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES AT PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
FARRUKH ANSAR ◽  
HIRA NAVEED ◽  
ALMAS KHATTAK ◽  
MUHAMMAD SAAD
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Objectives: Patient satisfaction is a significant marker for estimating the quality of medical services being provided at a clinical facility. It also influences the opportune, proficient, and patient-focused provision of quality medical services. Methods: Data from 768 outdoor patients were collected from four tertiary care hospitals in Islamabad, Pakistan. Half of the patients were from public sector hospitals, while others were from private hospitals. A self-administered questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha=0.896) was structured for data collection. Using SPSS, descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and Chi-square test were used to analyze data. Results: Overall, 51.4% of patients were satisfied with the services provided to them at hospital Outpatient department. Patients who experienced private sector hospitals (74%) were significantly more satisfied than those who visited the public sector hospitals (29%) (p<0.001). Gender-wise, female patients were more satisfied (58%) than male patients (47%). Insufficient attention of the doctor, the behavior of the supporting staff and inadequate management of disease record were the red flags highlighted by the patients. Conclusion: The current investigation has shown that quality healthcare is significantly associated with economic conditions; patients’ perspective have expressed that the private sector provides satisfactory medical services at a high expense, whereas the public sector is a less expensive alternative but it lags in the provision of high-quality services and patient satisfaction.

scholarly journals La ciudad bajo la lupa. Un análisis del espacio público y los sujetos en relación a los sistemas de video vigilancia

2014 ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Vanesa Lio
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Video Surveillance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The City ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

  Categoría: Documento Fecha de recepción: 28 de mayo de 2012 Fecha de aprobación: 27 de junio de 2012 Resumen En los últimos años, el uso de Circuitos Cerrados de Televisión (CCTV) para vigilancia, históricamente restringido al ámbito privado, ha evidenciado un desplazamiento hacia el sector público, implementándose estas técnicas en el marco de políticas públicas de prevención del delito y control social. El presente trabajo pretende analizar de qué manera la presencia de estas cámaras y la reproducción de las imágenes por ellas captadas en los medios de comunicación masiva incide en la construcción de una geografía determinada de la ciudad, así como también de los propios sujetos que la habitan. Palabras Clave: Control social, Video-vigilancia, Inseguridad, Espacio público, Sujetos. Abstract In recent years, the use of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) for surveillance, historically restricted to the private sector, has shown a shift towards the public sector, being implemented in the framework of public policies on crime prevention and social control. This paper analyzes how the presence of these cameras and the reproduction in the mass media of the images captured by them impact on the construction of a particular geography of the city and its subjects. Key words: Social control, Video surveillance, Insecurity, Public space, Subjects.

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