Response Order Effects in Online Surveys

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
M.A. Sanjeev ◽  
Parul Balyan
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
The Impact

Online surveys are fast becoming the favourite tools of researchers due to various advantages they offer like ease of administration, reduced survey cost and real time data analysis. However they also have their drawbacks like any survey method; some of them being lack of population representativeness due to digital divide, consideration of the survey as spam eliciting low responses and technical glitches. Survey errors are generally classified in to two groups of Sampling & non-Sampling errors. Respondent errors, one of the most widely studied non- Sampling errors consist of Primacy and recency effects. The response order effects both Primacy and Recency have not been studied in online surveys according to accessible literatures; though their effect in oral and paper -pencil surveys are well documented. The existence of respondent errors in online surveys may vary vastly from other survey methods due to the respondent characteristics like higher education levels, control on the response setting and time and independence in response in the absence of a survey administrator. Using an experimental design we examined and provided preliminary evidence for response order effect (Primacy effect) in online surveys. We have also explored the impact of question complexity and questionnaire length on response order effects. The results indicate the existence of response order effects in online surveys, much like the traditional methods. The result also indicates the exacerbation of response errors due to question complexity and questionnaire length. Our study may offer valid insights and ideas to survey researchers, who use online survey tools, to reduce response order effects and thereby make their survey results more accurate.

The use of emoji to establish student wellbeing: does the image reflect the reality?

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jenny Callender ◽  
Pete Bridge ◽  
Flora Al-Samarraie ◽  
Daniel Blair
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Professional Students ◽  
Support Strategies ◽  
Message Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gathering Data

Abstract Introduction: The impact of COVID-19 social restrictions on mental wellbeing of health professional students during placement is largely unknown. Conventional survey methods do not capture emotional fluctuations. Increasing use of smartphones suggests short message service (SMS) functionality could provide easy, rapid data. This project tested the feasibility and validity of gathering data on Therapeutic Radiography student mental wellbeing during clinical placement via emoji and SMS. Methods: Participants provided anonymous daily emoji responses via WhatsApp to a dedicated mobile phone. Additional weekly prompts sought textual responses indicating factors impacting on wellbeing. A short anonymous online survey validated responses and provided feedback on the method. Results: Participants (n = 15) provided 254 daily responses using 108 different emoji; these triangulated with weekly textual responses. Feedback concerning the method was positive. ‘Happy’ emoji were used most frequently; social interaction and fatigue were important wellbeing factors. Anonymity and opportunity to feedback via SMS were received positively; ease and rapidity of response engendered engagement throughout the 3-week study. Conclusions: The use of emoji for rapid assessment of cohort mental wellbeing is valid and potentially useful alongside more formal evaluation and support strategies. Capturing simple wellbeing responses from a cohort may facilitate the organisation of timely support interventions.

scholarly journals Impact of Media Advertisements on Consumer Behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzan Sama
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Effective Media ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Media Habits ◽  
Post Purchase ◽  
The Impact

Marketers invest in various media platforms to influence consumer behaviour (CB). Advertisement on every media platform has a different composition that engages the consumers in a distinct way. Digitalization has led to changes in consumers’ media habits. Hence, a deeper understanding of advertisements on different media platforms and its implications on CB need to be established. This article focuses on the effects of television (TV), radio, newspapers, magazines and the Internet advertisements on awareness (AWR), interest (INT), conviction (CON), purchase (PUR) and post-purchase (PPUR) behaviour of consumers. The online survey method was utilized for the study. Data were collected from 529 respondents comprising students in India. Statistical tools such as Cronbach alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Kruskal–Wallis (K–W) test were used to analyse the collected data. The results indicate that newspapers advertisements affect all the five stages of CB. The impact of TV and the Internet for creating AWR, INT and CON among the consumers is statistically evident. The results also revealed that magazines and newspapers are effective media in influencing PUR and PPUR behaviour of consumers. Advertising managers can take a cue from this research and enhance the objectivity of advertisements by investing in appropriate media.

E-tail brand experience’s influence on e-brand trust and e-brand loyalty

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Khan ◽  
Zillur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of e-tail brand experience on e-brand trust and e-brand loyalty. The study also tests whether gender moderates this influence. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 429 responses were collected using both offline and online survey methods. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling techniques were performed to test the measurement and structural models using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistical software. Findings – Empirical results confirm the impact of e-tail brand experience on e-brand trust and e-brand loyalty. Gender was found to moderate the relationships. It was further found that e-tail brand experience developed almost same levels of e-brand trust in both males and females. However, males became more loyal to e-tail brands when they received positive e-tail brand experiences. Practical implications – E-tail brand managers should focus on the design and delivery of unique e-tail brand experiences to develop e-brand trust and e-brand loyalty in customers. The direct influence of e-tail brand experience on e-brand loyalty was found to be weaker in females, which suggests that managers could take steps to specifically deliver experiences that please female customers which might result in increased e-brand loyalty of this segment. Originality/value – Examining the phenomenon of brand experience in context of online retail while considering gender as moderator highlights the originality and contribution of the present study to existing retail and brand experience literature.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress among Employed, Partially employed and Unemployed Youths Due to Pandemic: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inchara Chamaiah Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Good Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
The Impact

Novel corona virus, COVID-19 has been declared as pandemic by the WHO (world health organization). The spread of corona virus has lead to wide spread fear which in turn has affected the daily life of every individual, more so the unemployed youths. The present study aimed to examine the level of psychological distress among employed, Partially employed and unemployed youths. The research was conducted on 101 youths in the age range of 18-35 years. The sample of the study consisted 60 unemployed and 41 employed Indian youths. Random sampling method was used in order to select the subject’s for the present study. Online survey method was adopted for the collection of data. Kessler Psychological distress Scale, (K10) was used to assess the level of psychological distress. In order to analyze the data mean, SD, “t” test and “f” test was used. The wide spread contagious outbreak has brought a halt to the fast moving modern world. Thus, this disease has affected every individual directly or indirectly. Such a change in one’s life has caused anxiety, stress and fear, though this is a natural reaction to an uncertain situation. The data reveals that there’s an alarming need to cope and manage the impact of the disease among unemployed youths to ensure good health and wellbeing.

Effect of Change Agent’s Leadership style on Successful ERP Implementation and Firm Performance Empirical Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Erp Implementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to measure Change Agent’s Leadership style on successful ERP Implementation and Organizational Performance. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire from 290 employees working in 14 knowledge-based companies in United Arab Emirates with a response rate of 69.04%. The study uses cross sectional research design with snowball sampling method and data were collected using online survey method. Some of the findings include, all the three leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) significantly contribute to ERP implementation success and in turn impacts Firm Performance. Transformational leadership style of change agent is found to have highest impact on Firm Performance with ERP implementation acting as a partial mediator. Present study opened the doors by linking leadership style with ERP implementation towards multidimensionality of change agent’s reach not being limited to some aspects. Practitioners can use the insights in understanding the impact of change agent’s deployment in organization.

Probing the question order effect while developing a chemistry concept inventory

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly A. Undersander ◽  
Travis J. Lund ◽  
Laurie S. Langdon ◽  
Marilyne Stains
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Concept Inventory ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Question Order ◽  
First Year University ◽  
The Impact

The design of assessment tools is critical to accurately evaluate students' understanding of chemistry. Although extensive research has been conducted on various aspects of assessment tool design, few studies in chemistry have focused on the impact of the order in which questions are presented to students on the measurement of students' understanding and students' performance. This potential impact has been labeled the question order effect in other literature and may be considered as a threat to the construct validity of the assessment tool. The set of studies described in this article tested whether question order effects were present within a concept inventory on acid-based chemistry. In particular, we tested whether the order of two conceptually isomorphic questions, one pictorial and one verbal, affected students' performance on the concept inventory. Two different versions of the inventory were developed and collected from students enrolled in the second semester of first-year university chemistry courses (general chemistry;N= 774) at two different institutions and to students enrolled in the first semester of organic chemistry (N= 163) at one of the two institutions. Students were further divided in two groups based on their self-reported level of effort in answering the concept inventory. Interviews were also conducted with a total of 19 students at various stages of the studies. Analyses of differences in students' responses to the two versions of the inventory revealed no question order effect in all settings. Implications for instructors and researchers are provided.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in Responsiveness to Acupuncture: An Exploratory Survey of Practitioner Opinion

Medicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mayor ◽  
Lara McClure ◽  
J. Clayton McClure
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Practitioner Survey ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Response

Background: Previous research has considered the impact of personal and situational factors on treatment responses. This article documents the first phase of a four-stage project on patient characteristics that may influence responsiveness to acupuncture treatment, reporting results from an exploratory practitioner survey. Methods: Acupuncture practitioners from various medical professions were recruited through professional organisations to complete an online survey about their demographics and attitudes as well as 60 questions on specific factors that might influence treatment. They gave categorical (“Yes”, “No”, and “Don’t know”) and free-text responses. Quantitative and qualitative (thematic) analyses were then conducted. Results: There were more affirmative than negative or uncertain responses overall. Certain characteristics, including ability to relax, exercise and diet, were most often considered relevant. Younger and male practitioners were more likely to respond negatively. Limited support was found for groupings between characteristics. Qualitative data provide explanatory depth. Response fatigue was evident over the course of the survey. Conclusions: Targeting and reminders may benefit uptake when conducting survey research. Practitioner characteristics influence their appreciation of patient characteristics. Factors consistently viewed as important included ability to relax, exercise and diet. Acupuncture practitioners may benefit from additional training in certain areas. Surveys may produce more informative results if reduced in length and complexity.

scholarly journals External image of hypermarket as a factor of influence on consumer behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
A. N. Timokhovich
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Online Technologies ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
The Impact

The set of problems of perception of elements of the external image of the organization that sells in the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) area by the target audience has been raised. The elements of the external image of the organization that influence the behavior of hypermarket consumers are analysed. The article is based on the results of the empirical research of the hypermarket chain Globus consumer behavior. The study has been conducted using the online survey method, a sample of 658 respondents.Consumer perceptions about the company as a whole have been described, consumer attitude to the hypermarket has been revealed, the main elements of the external image of the hypermarket, on which the consumer target audience is focused on, have been defined. Insufficient involvement of consumers in events at points of sale, low awareness of different types of activities to stimulate consumers, a generally positive attitude and high brand awareness of the hypermarket have been identified. Insufficient use of the hypermarket’s website and official Internet resources by representatives of target groups (social network accounts, mobile application) has been revealed. The main channel for informing the target audience is advertising at the point of sale.Conclusions have been made about the need to develop the image policy of trade companies in the field of FMCG; about the need to promote mobile applications of hypermarkets; about the need to use interactive online technologies in social media and through the trade company`s website for operational communication with consumers, as well as to activate consumer behavior. It has been concluded about the impact of the atmosphere of a point of sale on the image of the company in the field of FMCG. Recommendations on optimizing communication channels, through which the target audience receives information about the point of sale of FMCG products, – have been developed.

scholarly journals Örgütsel Çeviklik Açısından Örgüt Kültürü ve Firma Performansı Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 313-353
Author(s):  
Emine SEVER ◽  
Mahmut PAKSOY
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Organizational Agility ◽  
Market Culture ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to determine the mediating effect of organizational agility on the impact of organizational culture on firm performance. Within the scope of the study, firstly, a conceptual framework about organizational culture, organizational agility and firm performance was created, and then the findings and results obtained from the survey application conducted within the scope of the research were included. The research sample consists of 140 company employees belonging to the Manufacturing, Service, IT, Retail and Agriculture sectors in the provinces of Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Tekirdağ, Kocaeli and Zonguldak. The survey data were collected by the online survey method using the non-coincidental convenience sampling method. Quantitative data analysis was applied in the research. The questionnaire form using a 5-point Likert scale consists of demographic questions and organizational culture, organizational agility and firm performance scales. In the study, in which structural equation modeling was preferred as a model, SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 22 package programs were used in the analysis of the data. Confirmatory factor analysis was checked for validity test and Cronbach's alpha values were checked for reliability. According to the findings of the study, organizational agility has a mediating effect on the effect of clan, adhocracy and hierarchy cultures on firm performance. However, the mediating effect of market culture could not be determined. In terms of demographic characteristics, significant differences were determined between perceptions of organizational culture, organizational agility and firm performance. Keywords: Organizational Culture, Organizational Agility, Firm Performance

scholarly journals The Use of a Delphi Survey to Create a Forecasting Model Regarding the Impact of Fluctuations of the Baht on Tourism in Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Natawan Thongchaichirapha
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Delphi Survey ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Structure Questionnaire ◽  
Previous Round ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Final Round ◽  
Support Research

Despite the vast research by inbound and outbound tourists does impact of Thai currency, little is known about the perspective of Thai baht fluctuation, officially that relate to Banks, tourists company and Thailand economics. The overall image that emerges from literature is directly result  effects. This study recover the data of semi-structure questionnaire for create a forecasting model through Delphi survey. This survey method will useful to justify the main factors that refer to the objective of this research. To create forecasting model for tourists was based on Thai baht fluctuation demanded on two examine impacts from inbound and outbound tourists. In additional methodology, data collectives is another method that ensure to support research  more reliable enough on forecasting model. In seven panelists of participant contributed knowledge and expertise in the subject of government, tourism and financial, For Delphi survey methods were conducted in three round of Delphi survey panel, in each round have different questions depends on previous round result. Which mean, on first round is important to start to vary connected the final round of questions adjust. Even though, the result might have lack of consensus result because the participants had a different ideas to investigate answered questions but look forward on percentage result significantly that for economics change were main factor that impact also contribute to baht fluctuation on tourism in Thailand.

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