scholarly journals Growth and photosynthetic parameters of saccharine sorghum plants subjected to salinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Liliane Dos Santos Silva ◽  
Humberto Gildo de Sousa ◽  
Maria Lílian Dos Santos Silva ◽  
Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽  
Enéas Gomes-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

Plants are often exposed to abiotic stresses such as salinity, which represents a barrier to the cultivation of agricultural species mainly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the development of four saccharine sorghum genotypes for tolerance to different salinity levels under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was a randomized complete block arranged in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, which corresponded to five levels of irrigation water salinity [electrical conductivities of 0.5 (control), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 dS m-1] and four saccharine sorghum genotypes (CSF 11, CSF 15, P 76 and P 298), with five replicates. The plants were evaluated for dry mass production, leaf area, height, stalk diameter, leaf gas exchange and relative chlorophyll content. The growth and leaf gas exchange measurements of the saccharine sorghum plants were significantly affected by salinity stress. Among the genotypes, CSF 11 and CSF 15 exhibited smaller reductions in growth, whereas P 298 showed the greatest reduction. These findings show that genotype CSF 11 can be classified as the most tolerant to salt stress, and genotype P 298 is the most sensitive.

scholarly journals Growth and Photosynthetic Response of Two Persimmon Rootstocks (Diospyros kaki and D. virginiana) under Different Salinity Levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meral INCESU ◽  
Berken CIMEN ◽  
Turgut YESILOGLU ◽  
Bilge YILMAZ
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Salinity continues to be a major factor in reduced crop productivity and profit in many arid and semiarid regions. Seedlings of Diospyros kaki Thunb. and D. virginiana L. are commonly used as rootstock in persimmon cultivation. In this study we have evaluated the effects of different salinity levels on photosynthetic capacity and plant development of D. kaki and D. virginiana. Salinity was provided by adding 50 mM, 75 mM and 100 mM NaCl to nutrient solution. In order to determine the effects of different salinity levels on plant growth, leaf number, plant height, shoot and root dry mass were recorded. Besides leaf Na, Cl, K and Ca concentrations were determined. Also leaf chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv’/Fm’) and leaf gas exchange parameters including leaf net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gS), leaf transpiration rate (E), and CO2 substomatal concentration (Ci) were investigated. Significant decrease of leaf number, shoot length and plant dry mass by increasing salinity levels was observed in both rootstocks. D. virginiana was less affected in terms of plant growth under salinity stress. Leaf chlorophyll concentration reduction was higher in the leaves of D. kaki in comparison to D. virginiana in 100 mM NaCl treatment. By increasing salinity levels PN, gS and E markedly decreased in both rootstocks and D. kaki was more affected from salinity in terms of leaf gas exchange parameters. In addition there was no significant difference but slight decreases were recorded in leaf chlorophyll fluorescences of both rootstocks.

scholarly journals Gas exchange in yellow passion fruit under irrigation water salinity and nitrogen fertilization

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
José A. C. Wanderley ◽  
Carlos A. V. de Azevedo ◽  
Marcos E. B. Brito ◽  
Fagner N. Ferreira ◽  
Mailson A. Cordão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Internal Co2

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange of ‘Redondo Amarelo’ passion fruit seedlings under the mitigating action of nitrogen fertilization on the salinity of irrigation water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (CCTA-UFCG), Campus of Pombal, PB, Brazil, The experimental design was in randomized blocks, split plots, comprising five irrigation water electrical conductivities (plot) (ECw) (0.3; 1.0; 1.7; 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1) and five doses of nitrogen (subplot) (60; 80; 100; 120 and 140% of 300 mg of N dm-3), in five blocks. Plants were grown in pots (Citropote JKS®) with volume of 3.780 mL, filled with soil, bovine manure, wood shavings in a proportion of 2:1:0.5 (mass basis), respectively. Water with salinity levels was applied in the period from 40 to 85 days after sowing. The internal CO2 concentration, transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were measured at 55 and 70 days after sowing. There was an attenuating effect of nitrogen doses at irrigation water electrical conductivities of 1.7 and 2.4 dS m-1 on photosynthesis at 55 DAS. Irrigation water salinity reduces most of the variables evaluated, especially at the highest level studied (3.1 dS m-1).

scholarly journals Gas exchange and organic solutes in forage sorghum genotypes grown under different salinity levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela S. Coelho ◽  
Welson L. Simões ◽  
Alessandra M. Salviano ◽  
Alessandro C. Mesquita ◽  
Keila da C. Alberto
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Saline Solutions

ABSTRACT Adaptation of plants to saline environments depends on the activation of mechanisms that minimize the effects of excess ions on vital processes, such as photosynthesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll, and organic solute in ten genotypes of forage sorghum irrigated with solutions of different salinity levels. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 10 x 6 factorial arrangement, with three replications, using ten genotypes - F305, BRS-655, BRS-610, Volumax, 1.015.045, 1.016.005, 1.016.009, 1.016.013, 1.016.015 and 1.016.031 - and six saline solutions, with electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 dS m-1. The photosynthetic activity in forage sorghum plants reduces with increasing salinity, and this response was found in the ten genotypes evaluated. The chlorophyll and protein contents were not affected by salinity, whereas carbohydrates and amino acid contents increased with increasing ECw. Soluble sugars are essential for osmoregulation of forage sorghum due to its high content in leaves.

scholarly journals Low temperature impact on photosynthetic parameters of coffee genotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1404-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Luiz Partelli ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Paula Batista-Santos ◽  
Ana Paula Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase

The objective of this work was to evaluate photoprotective mechanisms related to low positive temperatures in Coffea canephora (Conilon clones 02 and 153) and C. arabica ('Catucaí' IPR 102) genotypes, involved in cold temperature tolerance. To accomplish this, one-year-old plants were successively submitted to: temperature decrease of 0.5ºC day-1, from 25/20ºC to 13/8ºC; a three-day chilling cycle at 13/4ºC; and a recovery period of 14 days (25/20ºC). During the experiment, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and leaf photosynthetic pigment content were evaluated. Total activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase (Ru5PK) were quantified to measure the activity of photosynthesis key enzymes. All genotypes showed low temperature sensitivity, but displayed diverse cold impact and recovery capabilities regarding the photosynthetic-related parameters studied. Catucaí IPR 102 cultivar showed better ability to cope with cold stress than the Conilon clones, especially Conilon 02, and had full recovery of leaf gas exchange, fluorescence parameters, enzymatic activity, and higher contents of the photoprotective pigments zeaxanthin and lutein.

scholarly journals 206 Growth, Gas Exchange, and Water Relations of Micropropagated Chile Ancho Pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) Plantlets during Acclimatization and Post-acclimatization

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 426D-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres A. Estrada-Luna ◽  
Fred T. Davies ◽  
Jonathan N. Egilla
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Transplant Shock ◽  
Relative Water

Micropropagated chile ancho pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) plants were transferred to ex vitro conditions to study plantlet performance and selected physiological changes that occur during acclimatization and post-acclimatization. The physiology of the plantlets was characterized by measuring leaf gas exchange and water status. Plant growth was determined by assessing plant height, leaf number, total leaf area, relative growth rate (RGR), and leaf, root, and stem dry mass. Measurements were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 days after transplanting. After initial transplanting ex vitro to liner pots with soilless media, plantlet wilting was observed that correlated with reduced leaf relative water content (RWC). Water stress was partially alleviated by a reduction in stomatal conductance (gs), confirming that the in vitro formed stomata were functional and able to regulate transpiration (E) to minimize desiccation losses. Because of this stomatal control, plantlets had minimal transplant shock, recovered, and survived. Prior to transplanting, micropropagated plantlets showed heterotrophic/mixotrophic characteristics as indicated by low photosynthesis [(A) 4.74 μmol·m2·s-1]. During acclimatization, RWC, gs, E, and A were significantly lower 2 days after transplanting. However, within 6 days after transplanting, plantlets recovered and became autotrophic, attaining high A (16.3 μmol·m-2·s-1), gs, and E. The stabilization and improvement of plantlet water status and gas exchange during acclimatization and post-acclimatization closely correlated with dramatic increases in plantlet growth.

scholarly journals Growth and gas changes of melon seedlings submitted to water salinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria F. de O. Sousa ◽  
Caciana C. Costa ◽  
Genilson L. Diniz ◽  
João B. dos Santos ◽  
Marinês P. Bomfim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Mass Accumulation

ABSTRACT The melon is an outstanding fruit crop in Brazil, mainly in the Northeast region due to favorable conditions for cultivation. Water salinity affects the growth and production of several species, but there is tolerance among cultivars of the same species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and gas exchange in melon seedlings subjected to water salinity. Experiment was carried out in a greenhouse belonging to the Center of Sciences and Agri-Food Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal, PB, Brazil, from September to October 2016. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 6 x 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates, for six cultivars of melon (Natal, Solares, Goldex, Iracema, Mandacaru and Amarelo Ouro) and five irrigation water salinity levels with the following electrical conductivities: 0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1. Each experimental unit consisted of a polypropylene container with a volume capacity of 0.350 dm3, which contained soil + Basaplant® commercial substrate at a ratio of 2:1. At 25 days after sowing, the plants were evaluated for growth, gas exchange and dry mass accumulation. Increased salinity of irrigation water inhibits the growth, dry mass accumulation and physiological processes of melon cultivars. The cultivar Natal showed to be more tolerant, while the cultivars Solares, Goldex, Iracema and Mandacaru were moderately sensitive and the cultivar Amarelo Ouro was more sensitive to the salinity of irrigation water.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of lettuce plants under salinity

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerônimo L. Andriolo ◽  
Gean L. da Luz ◽  
Maiquel H. Witter ◽  
Rodrigo dos S. Godoi ◽  
Gisele T. Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Positive Effect

Lettuce plants, cv. Vera, were grown under five salinity levels in a hydroponical experimental set-up using a 0.15 m deep sand growing bed. A standard nutrient solution was used, with the following composition, in mmol L-1: 16.9 NO3-; 2.0 H2PO4-; 1.0 SO4- 4.0 Ca++; 10.9 K+ e 1.0 Mg++, and, in mg L-1, 0.42 Mn; 0.26 Zn; 0,05 Cu; 0,50 B; 0,04 Mo, and 4.82 chelated Fe. The five salinity levels compared as treatments were obtained by varying the concentration of the standard nutrient solution, reaching average electrical conductivities (EC) of 0.80; 1.93; 2.81; 3.73 and 4.72 dS m-1, for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The nutrient solution at each salinity level was supplied from a reservoir by means of a flooded-type electrical pump, for 15 minutes, at intervals of 90 minutes during the day and 420 minutes during the night. A completely randomised experimental design was used with four replications and 20 plants per plot. Four plants of each plot were harvested at 32 days after planting, to determine shoot and root dry mass, shoot fresh weight, leaf area and number of leaves per plant. Number of leaves was 18 per plant and was not affected by treatments. Dry mass of leaves increased 24,4% from T1 to T3. No relationships were found on data from stem and root dry mass. A positive effect of EC was recorded on shoot fresh mass, which increased 28.5% from T1 to T2, and decreased 16.5% from T2 to T5. Maximum LAI estimated value was 4.3 m² m-2 for an EC of 2.6 dS m-1. Salinity levels above 2.0 and 2.6 dS m-1 reduce fresh yield and plant growth, respectively.

Salixspecies variation in leaf gas exchange, sodium, and nutrient parameters at three levels of salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1045-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Major ◽  
Alex Mosseler ◽  
John W. Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
Salix Discolor

Leaf gas exchange, Na+, and nutrient parameters were quantified under control (CTL), medium (MST), and high (HST) saline treatments for Salix discolor Muhl. (DIS), Salix eriocephala Michx. (ERI), and Salix interior Rowlee (INT). Net photosynthesis (Pn) increased from CTL to MST for all species but remained unchanged between MST and HST for surviving INT plants in HST. Salix interior had greater water-use efficiency (WUE) than DIS and ERI. Under CTL, INT had 13× the leaf Na+concentration of DIS and ERI, but INT Na+only increased by 17% across each saline treatment, whereas DIS and ERI leaf Na+increased 6.0× from CTL to MST. Salix discolor and ERI had greater cation to Na+ratios than INT; however, INT ratios were stable across saline treatments, whereas the DIS and ERI ratios dropped precipitously. Across species and treatments, Pnhad a significant positive relationship to total aboveground dry mass, supporting the sink regulation of Pntheory. Also, Pnshowed a significant positive relationship to WUE and leaf N and to leaf Na+, which probably reflects greater energy expenditure required to mitigate the higher levels of Na+. The saline tolerance of INT may be due to natural selection pressure in the arid regions of the southwestern United States, where it is believed to have its evolutionary origins.

scholarly journals (430) Leaf Gas Exchange of Carrots in Response to Increasing Leaf Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075D-1075
Author(s):  
F. Christine Pettipas ◽  
Rajasekaran R. Lada ◽  
Robert Gordon ◽  
Tess Astatkie
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Red Core

Increasing temperature as a result of global climate change is expected to exert a great influence on agricultural crops, possibly through effects on photosynthesis. Response to temperature of leaf gas exchange parameters of carrot (Daucus carota L. var. sativus) cultivars Cascade, Carson, Oranza, and Red Core Chantenay (RCC) were examined in a controlled growth room experiment. Leaf net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) were measured at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 °C at 370 μmol·mol-1 (CO2) and 450±20 μmol·m-2·s-1 PAR. The cultivars responded similarly to increasing temperature and did not differ in most photosynthetic parameters except gs. The PN increased between 20 and 30 °C, thereafter increasing only slightly to 35 °C. On average, increasing temperature from 20 to 30 °C increased PN by 69%. Carboxylation efficiencies (Ca/Ci ratio) ranged from 1.12–2.33 mmol·mol-1 while maximum PN were 3.25, 3.90, 5.49, 4.19 μmol·m-2·s-1 for Carson, RCC, Cascade, and Oranza, respectively. The E did not reach maximum at 35 °C while gs peaked at 30 °C and then decreased by 93% at 35 °C. The water use efficiency (WUE) decreased with an increase in temperature due to increases in both PN and E. The results indicate that increasing temperatures above the seasonal average (<20 °C) increases both PN and E up to 30–35 °C. An increase in photosynthesis due to an increase in temperature is expected to hasten growth. Carrots may be able to withstand a moderate increase in temperature.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological characteristics of okra plants submitted to saline stress in soil with organic fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3241
Author(s):  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Andreza de Melo Mendonça ◽  
Jonnathan Richeds da Silva Sales ◽  
Francisco Barroso da Silva Junior ◽  
João Gutemberg Leite Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels

The excess of salts may compromise the growth and physiological functions of plants, but the use of bovine organic fertilizer can mitigate these effects. It was intended was to evaluate the saline stress in soil with and without bovine organic fertilizer on the initial growth, the accumulation of biomass and the gas exchanges of the okra culture. The test was conducted at the UNILAB’s experimental farm, in Piroás, in Redenção – CE city. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with five replications, in a 5 x 2 factorial concerning five irrigation water salinity levels (1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 dS m-1), in the presence and absence of bovine organic fertilizer. Plant height, stem diameter, root length, a dry mass of shoot, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance were evaluated. The bovine organic fertilizer promoted better means in initial growth and biomass in okra plants compared to the control treatment, thus showing efficiency in the attenuation of the salts present in irrigation water. The increase in the saline concentration of the irrigation water reduced the gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration) in okra plants. Nonetheless, in smaller proportions in the soil with the bovine organic fertilizer.

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