scholarly journals Impact of filament denier on functional performance of microfiber in situ bags

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e50856
Author(s):  
Doaa Elgohary Hanafy ◽  
Dina Mohamed Hamoda ◽  
Ibrahim Mohamed Khattab ◽  
Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Radar Chart

In situ bags made from microfiber fabrics have a greater surface area and filtration efficiency that retains the fine particles and reduce the variation in the results. Also, it is more durable than that made from traditional fabrics. This work aimed to study the effect of filament denier on the performance of in situ bags. Two polyester microfilaments with 0.4 and 0.7 deniers were used in manufacturing of four fabrics. Physical and mechanical properties of manufactured fabrics were measured before and after incubation to show the efficiency of the manufactured samples. In vitro trail was conducted to estimate ruminal degradability after 24 and 48 hours for three feedstuffs using three cannulated rams as replicates. The mechanical properties of manufactured in situ bags were significantly affected with both denier per filament and weft densities. According to the statistical analysis of radar chart, sample 2 remarked the highest value which achieved the acceptable ruminal dry matter disappearance compared with Ankom bags in different incubation times.

scholarly journals Investigating the performance of polyester microfibers in situ bags using different weft yarn count and density

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48478
Author(s):  
Doaa Elgohary Hanafy ◽  
Dina Mohamed Hamoda ◽  
Ibrahim Mohamed Khattab ◽  
Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

Microfiber fabrics are more efficiency in retaining fine-particles that increase the variation in in situ degradability. The aim of this was to examine the performance of in situ bags made from different microfiber fabric for meeting the required specification and their ruminal degradability compared with standard Ankom in situ bags. Four fabrics were manufactured using polyester microfiber with 1.04 denier, weft yarn counts (150 and 300), weft density (22 and 28 picks / inch), plain 1/1 textile structure. Physical and mechanical properties of manufactured fabrics were measured before and after incubation. Ruminal degradability was measured for three feedstuffs (soybean meal, wheat bran and berseem hay) using three rumen-fistulated rams as a replicates after 24 and 48 hours. Fabric's pore size was significantly decreased as either yarn weft count or density increased. Yarn weft count had a significant effect on all fabric's properties. Air permeability was significantly decreased as fabric's weft yarn count increased. Sample (1) meet the specific requirements for in situ bags and showed the nearest degradability values to those observed using Ankom bags for all feedstuffs in most incubation times. Microfiberin situ bags could be used in in situ ruminal degradation trials to reduce the variation in results due to the present of the fine particles.

scholarly journals Ruminal Degradability and Summative Models Evaluation for Total Digestible Nutrients Prediction of Some Forages and Byproducts in Goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Rosendo ◽  
Luis Freitez ◽  
Rafael López
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Lineal Regression

In in vitro true dry matter degradability (IVTDMD), in situ dry matter degradability, and neutral detergent fiber degradability, both in vitro (IVNDFD) and in situ (ISNDFD) techniques were used with crossbred goats to determine dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ruminal degradability in eight forages and four industrial byproducts. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) content obtained with five different summative models (summative equations) were studied to compare the precision of estimates. All these models included digestible fractions of crude protein, ether extract, and nonfiber carbohydrates that were calculated from chemical composition, but digestible NDF (dNDF) was obtained from IVNDFD (IVdNDF), ISNDFD (ISdNDF), or by using the Surface Law approach. On the basis of the coefficient of determination (R2) of the simple lineal regression of predicted TDN (y-axes) and observed IVTDMD (x-axes), the precision of models was tested. The predicted TDN by the National Research Council model exclusively based on chemical composition only explains up to 41% of observed IVTDMD values, whereas the model based on IVdNDF had a high precision (96%) to predict TDN from forage and byproducts fiber when used in goats.

The relationship between gas production from washed and unwashed feeds and in sacco dry matter, degradability of feeds

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
D. M. Harris ◽  
A. T. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The Relationship

An in vitro technique (Theodorou, 1993) to determine the Dry Matter degradation by measuring the amount of gas produced may reduce the need for in situ degradability studies. A strong relationship has been shown for cereal straws (Blummel and Orskov 1993) but little work has used concentrate feeds. Washing a feed contained in a dacron bag will remove a fraction containing soluble material and fine particles. The relative contributions of these components to the gas production in vitro is unknown. This work investigated if removal of this ‘a’ fraction from concentrate feeds used in vitro would improve the relationship with the in situ degradablility.Samples of four feeds, winter beans (WB), soyabean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM) and spring barley (SPB) were ground through a 1mm screen. Half was machine washed in a dacron bag of pore size 43 um using a cold water cycle to provide the Washed feed (W) and the remainder left Unwashed (UW).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

scholarly journals Preserving Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima as Silages for Ruminant Feeding

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957
Author(s):  
Margarita Novoa-Garrido ◽  
Carlos Navarro Marcos ◽  
María Dolores Carro Travieso ◽  
Eduarda Molina Alcaide ◽  
Mogens Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Porphyra Umbilicalis ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Kinetics Of

The study analyzed the characteristics, chemical composition, and in vitro gas production kinetics of Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima silages. Each seaweed was ensiled in vacuum bags (three bags/silage) following a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two pre-treatments (unwilted or pre-wilted) and three silage types: unwashed seaweed ensiled without additive; seaweed washed and ensiled without additive; and seaweed washed and ensiled with 4 g of formic acid (FAC) per kg seaweed. Silages were kept for 3 months in darkness at 20 °C. Pre-wilting prevented (p < 0.001) effluent formation and reduced (p ≤ 0.038) the production of NH3-N and volatile fatty acids for both seaweeds. Both pre-wilting and washing increased (p < 0.05) the ruminal degradability of P. umbilicalis silages but not of S. latissima silages. The pH of the FAC-treated silages was below 4.0, but ranged from 4.54 to 6.23 in non FAC-treated silages. DL-lactate concentrations were low (≤23.0 g/kg dry matter) and acetate was the predominant fermentation product, indicating a non-lactic fermentation. The estimated ruminal degradability of the P. umbilicalis and S. latissima silages was as average, 59.9 and 86.1% of that for high-quality rye-grass silages, respectively, indicating a medium-low nutritional value of these seaweed silages for ruminants.

Effect of sample preparation when evaluating feed degradability using dacron bags

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 229-229
Author(s):  
H.J. Kim ◽  
M.S. Dhanoa ◽  
W.J. Maeng ◽  
M.A. Neville ◽  
R.T. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Important Measurement

In dacron bag methodology an important measurement is the wash value component. This component is assumed to be wholly degrabable and forms a major proportion of effective degradability calculations (Cockburn et al., 1993). Grinding of feeds with a high content of solubles or fine particles may result in high initial wash-out values and may affect feed degradability adversely. An experiment, was conducted to assess the effect of grinding on dry matter (DM) degradation of maize and wheat, using the in situ dacron bag technique.

Influence of different concentrations of fibrinogen on the properties of a fibrin matrix for vascular tissue engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Vera G. Matveeva ◽  
Mariam Yu. Khanova ◽  
Tatyana V. Glushkova ◽  
Larisa V. Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Fibrin Matrix ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Aim. To evaluate the potential utility of fibrin matrices containing 10, 20, and 25 mg/ml of fibrinogen (fibrin-10, fibrin-20, and fibrin-30, respectively) in vascular tissue engineering (VTE). Materials and Methods. Fibrinogen was isolated using the method of ethanol cryoprecipitation and polymerized using a solution of thrombin and CaCl2. The fibrin structure was studied in a scanning electron microscope, and the physical and mechanical properties of the material were tested on a Zwick/Roell test machine. The metabolic activity of endothelial cells (EC) on the fibrin surface was evaluated by the MTT assay, and the viability of fibroblasts in the thickness of fibrin and possibility for migration by in fluorescent and light microscopy. Percent of fibrin shrinkage was determined from the difference in the sample volumes before and after removal of moisture. Results. The fiber diameter did not differ among all fibrin samples, but the pore diameter in fibrin-30 was smaller than those in fibrin-10 and fibrin-20. A possibility for migration of fibroblasts into the depth of the fibrin matrix and preservation of 97-100% viability of cells at a depth 5 mm was confirmed. The metabolic activity of EC on the surface of fibrin-20 and fibrin-30 exceeded that on collagen, fibronectin, and fibrin-10. All fibrin samples shrank in volume to 95.5-99.5%, and the highest shrinkage was seen in fibrin-10. The physical and mechanical properties of fibrin were inferior to those of human A. mammaria by a factor of 10. Conclusion. Fibrin with fibrinogen concentrations of 20 and 30 mg/ml maintains a high metabolic and proliferative activity of EC on the surface and also a high viability of fibroblasts in the matrix. Its availability, ease of preparation, and a number of other favorable properties make fibrin a promising material for VTE. However, the problem of insufficient strength requires further investigations.

scholarly journals In situ degradability of dry matter and fibrous fraction of sorghum silage

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study aimed to evaluate in situ degradability and degradation kinetics of DM, NDF and ADF of silage, with or without tannin in the grains. Two isogenic lines of grain sorghum (CMS-XS 114 with tannin and CMS-XS 165 without tannin) and two sorghum hybrids (BR-700 dual purpose with tannin and BR-601 forage without tannin) were ensiled; dried and ground silage samples were placed in nylon bags and introduced through the fistulas. After incubation for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, bags were taken for subsequent analysis of fibrous fractions. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates and 4 treatments and means compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. As for the DM degradation rate, silage of CMSXS165without tannin was superior. Silages of genotypes BR700 and CMSXS 114 with tannin showed the highest values of indigestible ADF (59.54 and 43.09%). Regarding the NDF, the potential degradation of silage of CMSXS165 line without tannin was superior. Tannin can reduce ruminal degradability of the dry matter and fibrous fractions. 

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