Influence of single-gene mutations, harvest maturity and sample processing on ruminal in situ and post-ruminal in vitro dry matter and starch degradability of corn grain by ruminants

2009 ◽  
Vol 151 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ngonyamo-Majee ◽  
R.D. Shaver ◽  
J.G. Coors ◽  
D. Sapienza ◽  
J.G. Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Sample Processing ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Corn Grain

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

scholarly journals Degradación microbiana in situ de tejidos foliares de gramíneas y leguminosas y su relación con indicadores de calidad nutricional

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Diego Chamorro ◽  
Juan Evangelista Carulla ◽  
Pablo Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra ◽  
Negative Relationships

<p>Para cuantificar la degradación <em>in situ </em>de tejidos vegetales y su relación con la composición química de especies forrajeras se seleccionaron láminas foliares de las gramíneas <em>Bouteloua repens </em>y <em>Bothriochloa pertusa </em>y foliolos de las leguminosas <em>Stylosanthes scabra</em>, <em>Desmodium barbatum </em>y <em>Tephrosia cinerea</em>. En el rumen se incuba­ron muestras de 10 mm de largo durante 0, 12, 24, 48 y 72 horas; para la lectura del área residual se digitalizaron ocho tejidos. A las 24 y 48 h de incubación <em>B. pertusa </em>presentó relaciones positivas entre la degradación de la epidermis adaxial (EA) y la FDN (R2= 90,2), entre el mesófilo y la DIVMS (R2=80,1), y entre los tejidos len­tamente degradables (TLD) y la FDA (R2= 83,9); y relaciones negativas entre EA y DIVMS (R2= –73,1), los TLD con la DEF (R2= –74,3), la EA con la PC (R2= –87,6), y el esclerenquima con la DIVMS y la PC (R2= –84,3 y R2= –90,8). Después de 72 horas de incubación las mayores áreas residuales en gramíneas fueron la estructura kranz entre 34,2% y 36,5%, el mesófilo entre 20,9% y 21,4%, el xilema de 11,5% a 17,1% y la EA entre 11,8% y 13,9%; no obstante el esclerénquima se relacionó estrechamente con indicadores de calidad nutricional. Las gramíneas obtuvieron mayores porcen­tajes de tejidos no degradables que las leguminosas; por lo tanto, la DIVMS y la DEF fueron menores. Entre las leguminosas, <em>S. scabra</em>, presentó la mayor digestibilidad de los tejidos rápidamente degradables, tanto en sequía como en lluvia; en la época seca se incrementó en 134,6% la degradación de estos tejidos. Adicionalmente, en esta especie el área residual de los taninos no presentó relación directa con la degra­dación del mesófilo. En leguminosas la tasa y extensión de la degradación de las epidermis se incrementaron marcadamente a mayor tiempo de incubación, presen­tándose diferencias entre especies, situación que no exhibieron las gramíneas. En <em>D. barbatum </em>la degradación de la EA se asoció con la DIVMS y la DEF, explicando en 77,4% y 72,95% estos porcentajes; de igual manera se reportaron relaciones negati­vas entre la degradabilidad de la epidermis y los porcentajes de FDN, FDA, lignina y taninos (R2= –0,76; R2= –0,79; R2= –0,53 y R2= –0,76, respectivamente).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Microbial <em>in situ </em>degradation of grasses and legumes leaf tissues and its realtionship with nutritional quality and precipitation</strong></p><p>A study was conducted to measure the <em>in situ </em>de- gradation of plant tissues and its relationship with forage chemical composition in leaves of the grasses <em>Bouteloua repens </em>and <em>Bothriochloa pertusa </em>and of the legumes <em>Stylosanthes scabra</em>, <em>Desmodium barbatum </em>and <em>Tephrosia cinerea</em>. Forage samples of 10 mm in length were incubated in the rumen for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h and tissue residual area was determined by reading the residual area in eight digitalized leaf samples per forage. In <em>B. pertusa</em>, after 24 and 48 h of incubation there were positive relations between the degradation of adaxial epidermis (AE) and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF, R2 = 90.2), between mesophyll and in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD, R2 = 80,1), and between slowly degradable tissues (SDT) and the acid detergent fiber (ADF, R2 = 83.9); and negative relationships between AE and IVDMD (R2 = -73,1), between SDT and effective dry matter degradation (EDMD, R2 = -74,3), between AE and crude protein (CP, R2 = -87,6), and between sclerenchyma and IVDMD with CP (R2 = -84,3 and R2 = -90,8, respectively). After 72 h of incubation, the greater residual areas in grasses were the Kranz structure (34.2% to 36.5%), mesophyll (20.9% to 21.4%), xylem (11.5% to 17.1%) and AE (11.8% to 13.9%). The area of sclerenchyma was related close­ly to indicators of nutritional quality. Overall, the grasses had greater content of non-degradable tis­sues than the legumes; therefore, their IVDMD and EDMD were lower. Among the legumes, <em>S. scabra </em>showed the greater digestibility of rapidly degrada­ble tissues, both during the rainy and dry seasons. At the dry season, the degradation of these tissues increased by 134.6%. Additionally, in this legume, the content of tannins did not have a direct relation­ship with the degradation of mesophyll. The rate and extension of the degradation of epidermis in legumes, were noticeably increased with increasing length of incubation, existing differences between species, a situation which was not observed in the grasses. In <em>D. barbatum</em>, the degradation of the AE was positively associated with both the IVDMD and EDMD (R2 = 77,4% and 72,95%, respectively). On the other hand, the degradability of epidermis and the percentage of NDF had negative relations with ADF, lignin and tannins (R2 = -0,76; R2 = -0,79; R2 = -0,53 and R2 = -0,76, respectively).</p>

The relationship between in vitro and in situ dry matter disappearance of some Iranian feedstuffs in sheep

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
H. Paya ◽  
A. Taghizadeh ◽  
H. Janmohamadi ◽  
G.A Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Require Information

Ration formulation systems require information on nutrient requirements of the animal and reliable values for rumen degradable and undegradable fractions of feed ingredients. The in situ nylon-bag technique is widely used to characterize the disappearance of feeds from the rumen (Woods et al., 2002). The objective of this study was determining of relationship between in vitro and in situ dry matter disappearance.

In situ and in vitro techniques for estimating degradation parameters and digestibility of diets based on maize or sorghum

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Silva ◽  
M. V. C. Pacheco ◽  
L. A. Godoi ◽  
F. A. S. Silva ◽  
D. Zanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Grains

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to evaluate: (1) the effects of ensiling maize or sorghum grains after reconstitution on readily soluble fraction (a), potentially degradable fraction in the rumen (b) and rate constant for degradation of b (c) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and starch (STA); and (2) an appropriate incubation time for in situ or in vitro procedures to estimate in vivo digestibility. Four rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls (body weight = 262 ± 19.6 kg) distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square were used. Diets were based on dry ground maize (DGM); or dry ground sorghum (DGS); or reconstituted ground maize silage; or reconstituted ground sorghum silage. In vitro and in situ incubations of the individual grains and diets were simultaneously performed with in vivo digestibility. In general, reconstituted grains and diets based on reconstituted grains presented greater (P < 0.05) fraction a and lower (P < 0.05) fraction b of DM, OM and STA compared to dry grains and diets based on dry grain. However, the magnitude of response of the reconstitution and ensiling process on DM and OM degradability parameter was greater for maize than that for sorghum. Moreover, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed between DGM- and DGS-based diets for c estimates. The results suggest that the reconstitution process promotes grains protein matrix breakdown increasing STA availability. The incubation times required for in vivo digestibility estimations of DM, OM and STA are 24 h for in situ and 36 h for in vitro procedures.

Modification of In Vitro and In Situ Dry Matter Digestibility of Forages with Chemical Treatment

jpa ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Turner ◽  
G. T. Schelling ◽  
L. W. Greene ◽  
F. M. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

scholarly journals Efecto de Caryodendron orinocense sobre la degradación de la materia seca

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Pablo Losada Aguilar ◽  
Aurora Cuesta Peralta ◽  
Juan De Jesús Vargas Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Animal Sciences

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in situ dry matter degradation by including cacay cake (Caryodendron orinocense) on a diet based on Brachiaria dictyoneura. The experiment was developed in an animal nutrition laboratory on the Animal Sciences Faculty at the Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá, Colombia, in July 2015. Four treatments were evaluated: B. dictyoneura, cacay cake and two mixtures of B. dictyoneura: cacay cake (80:20 and 60:40). The chemical composition and the in vitro and in situ degradability of the dry matter and the crude protein, at 48 hours were determined. The variables were analyzed through a complete randomized design with four treatments. The inclusion of cacay cake decreased the cell wall-associated with carbohydrate concentration and increased the higher digestibility nutrients; the crude protein and dry matter, in situ and in vitro degradability increased 22, 6 and 38%, respectively. In conclusion, the inclusion of cacay cake on a diet of B. dictyoneura improves dry matter degradation in vitro and in situ conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of in vitro gas production technique with in situ nylon bag technique to estimate dry matter degradation

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamalak ◽  
O. Canbolat ◽  
Y. Gurbuz ◽  
O. Ozay
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

Dry matter (DM) degradation of wheat straw (WS), barley straw (BS), lucerne hay (LH) and maize silage (MS) was determined using two different techniques: (i) in vitro gas production and (ii) nylon bag degradability technique. In vitro gas production and in situ DM disappearance were measured after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. In situ and in vitro DM degradation kinetics was described using the equation y = a + b (1 &ndash; e<sup>ct</sup>). In all incubations there were significant (P &lt; 0.001) correlations between gas production and in situ DM disappearance or estimated parameters ((a + b)<sub>ga</sub><sub>s</sub> and (a + b)<sub>is</sub> or (a + b)<sub>gas</sub> and EDMD<sub>is</sub>) whereas there were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) correlations between c<sub>gas</sub> and c<sub>is</sub> or b<sub>gas</sub> and b<sub>is</sub>. Gas production from the insoluble fraction (b) alone explained 98.3% of the variation of EDMD. The inclusion of gas production from the quickly soluble fraction (a) and rate constant (c) of gas production in the regression equation improved the accuracy of EDMD prediction. The correlations between the results of both methodologies seem to be sufficiently strong to predict degradability parameters from gas production parameters. It was concluded that the in vitro gas production technique has good potentiality to predict in situ DM disappearance and some DM degradation parameters. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Prediction of Digestibility and Intake of Sheep Fed Leguminosae or GRAMINAE Hays: Comparison Between the in Vitro Digestibility, Kinetics of Gas Production or Dry Matter Degradation

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
M.T. Dentinho ◽  
K. Khazaal ◽  
J.M. Ribeiro ◽  
E.R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Kinetics Of

By using separated values of kinetics of in situ dry matter (DM) degradation or in vitro gas production (Menke and Steingass, 1988) of leguminosae hays, Khazaal et al, (1993) reported high correlation with intake (r= 0.88; r= 0.79) and in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) (r= 0.94; r= 0.88). The aim of the present study was to extend the range of samples used and compare the ability of the 2 stages in vitro digestibility (Tilley and Terry, 1963), the in situ DM degradation or the gas production techniques to predict daily intake (g DM/ kgW0.75) and in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) of 19 leguminous and graminaceous hays fed to sheep.Three harvesting stages (early bloom EB, mid bloom MB or in seed IS) made from lucerne (Medicago sativa), sweet clover (Melilotus segetalis), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum), Rye (Secale cereale), Triticale (Triticale hexaploid), oat (Avena stativa) and a pre-bloom (PB) Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ). Each hay was fed ad libitum to 4 Merino male sheep and their intake and in vivo DMD recorded. Gas production (ml/ 200 mg DM) or in situ DM degradation (g/ 100 g DM) were determined as described by Khazaal et al, (1993) after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 or 96 h incubation. Measured gas production or DM degradation values were fitted to the equation p=a+b(l-e-ct)(McDonald, 1981) where p is gas production or DM degradation at time t and a, b and c are constants. For nylon bag the washing loss (soluble fraction) was defined as A, the insoluble but fermentable matter was defined as B=(a+b)-A, and c is the rate of fermentation or degradation (Ørskov and Ryle, 1990).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document