scholarly journals Effect of hydraulic retention time on hydrodynamic behavior of anaerobic-aerobic fixed bed reactor treating cattle slaughterhouse effluent

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Cristina de Freitas ◽  
Fernando Hermes Passig ◽  
Cristiane Kreutz ◽  
Karina Querne de Carvalho ◽  
Eudes José Arantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Eosin Y ◽  
Hydrodynamic Behavior ◽  
In Series

The study of the hydrodynamic behavior in reactors provides characteristics of the flow regime and its anomalies that can reduce biological processes efficiency due to the decrease of the useful volume and the hydraulic retention time required for the performance of microbial activity. In this study, the hydrodynamic behavior of an anaerobic-aerobic fixed bed reactor, operated with HRT (hydraulic retention time) of 24, 18 and 12 hours, was evaluated in the treatment of raw cattle slaughterhouse wastewater. Polyurethane foam and expanded clay were used as support media for biomass immobilization. Experimental data of pulse type stimulus-response assays were performed with eosin Y and bromophenol blue, and adjusted to the single-parameter theoretical models of dispersion and N-continuous stirred tank reactors in series (N-CSTR). N-CSTR model presented the best adjustment for the HRT and tracers evaluated. RDT (residence time distribution) curves obtained with N-CSTR model in the assays with bromophenol blue resulted in better adjustment compared to the eosin Y. The predominant flow regime in AAFBR (anaerobic aerobic fixed bed reactor) is the N-CSTR in series, as well as the existence of preferential paths and hydraulic short-circuiting. 

scholarly journals Studies on Effect of Change in Temperature and Hydraulic Retention Time on Physical and Kinetic Parameters on Degradation of Synthetic Phenolic Waste Water in Single Stage Attached Film Fixed Bed Reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mishu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Cod Reduction ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Fixed Bed Bioreactor

The treatment of toxic and inhibitory phenolic compounds using biological techniques have been pursued vas a promising and widely accepted treatment process due to its easiness of handling, a greater level of stabilization of waste and properly operated to prevent the production of secondary pollutants. Up-flow Anaerobic Bio-Reactors (UAFB) has been widely applied for the handling of high organic load industrial wastewater. The treatment of synthetic phenolic wastewater by a single stage anaerobic fixed bed bioreactor with granite stones packing at four different temperatures was studied. The effect of hydraulic retention time on COD reduction and other steady state characteristics and kinetic parameters, which form these characteristics, was also studied. A recirculated single stage up-flow anaerobic bioreactor operated at all the above-given temperatures with initial BOD 1462 mg/l and initial COD 5720 mg/l for a digestion period of 25 days with a working volume of 1000 ml. The performance of the reactor was monitored after every five days and analyzed in terms of percentage (COD, BOD, TS, TDS, VS removal and biogas production). The removal efficiency of BOD, COD, TS, TDS and VS reached a maximum value of 63.20%, 61.24%, 44.88%, 47.67% and 53.12% respectively. With the change in HRT, the maximum COD reduction was 66.04% at 24 hrs HRT at 400C with initial COD of 5000 mg/l. Specific biogas yield increased up to 0.0162 ml/mg CODr.   Keywords— Phenol, anaerobic, fixed bed bioreactor, wastewater, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket, experimental design, IndiaAbbreviations: BOD -Biochemical Oxygen Demand, COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand,   TDS  - Total Dissolved Solids,  VS - Volatile Solids, UAFB - Up-Flow Anaerobic Fixed Bed Bioreactor

scholarly journals Kinerja Upflow Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactor dengan Media Penunjang Batu Apung dalam Penyisihan Organik dan Pembentukan Biogas dari Biowaste Fase Cair

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prismita Nursetyowati ◽  
Prayatni Soewondo ◽  
Marisa Handajani
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Methane Yield

Dalam penelitian ini, biowaste yang digunakan adalah sampah pasar. Sampah pasar menyumbang sekitar 12% dari berat total sampah kota. Upflow Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactor (UAFB-R) yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini memakai media penunjang batu apung dengan resirkulasi efluen dan tanpa pengatur pH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kinerja UAFB-R dengan media penunjang batu apung dalam penyisihan organik dan pembentukan biogas terutama gas metan biowaste fasa cair. Hydraulic Retention Time UAFB-R ditentukan sebesar 6 hari dengan volume operasi sebesar 9 liter. Variasi beban organik influen dalam penelitian adalah ± 0,32 kg COD/m3.hari, ± 0,64 kg COD/m3.hari, ± 0,96 kg COD/m3.hari, ± 1,28 kg COD/m3.hari, ± 1,6 kg COD/m3.hari, dan ± 1,92 kg COD/m3.hari. Pada rentang beban organik influen ± 0,32 kg COD/m3.hari sampai ± 1,92 kg COD/m3.hari di kondisi tunak, semakin besar beban organik influen maka efisiensi penyisihan COD semakin kecil dan rasio TAV/Alkalinitas semakin besar. Namun, semakin kecil beban organik influen maka komposisi dan volume gas metan serta methane yield cenderung semakin besar. Saat variasi beban influen ± 0,96 kg COD/m3.hari dihasilkan volume gas metan terbesar sebanyak 1,77 liter, sedangkan saat variasi beban organik influen ± 0,64 kg COD/m3.hari dicapai komposisi gas metan dan methane yield terbesar sebesar 77,4% dan 0,249. Selain itu, semakin tinggi konsentrasi sulfat maka maka volume biogas yang terbentuk menjadi lebih kecil.

Taenia eggs in a stabilization pond system with poor hydraulics: concern for human cysticercosis?

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2698-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Verbyla ◽  
Stewart M. Oakley ◽  
Louis A. Lizima ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Mercedes Iriarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Pond System ◽  
In Series

The objective of this study is to compare the removal of Taenia eggs to the removal of Ascaris eggs in a wastewater stabilization pond system consisting of three ponds in series, where the hydraulic residence time distribution has been characterized via a tracer study supported by computational fluid dynamics modeling. Despite a theoretical hydraulic retention time of 30 days, the peak dye concentration was measured in the effluent of the first pond after only 26 hours. The smaller-sized Taenia eggs were detected in higher concentrations than Ascaris eggs in the raw wastewater. Ascaris eggs were not detected in the pond system effluent, but 45 Taenia eggs/L were detected in the system effluent. If some of these eggs were of the species Taenia solium, and if the treated wastewater were used for the irrigation of crops for human consumption, farmers and consumers could potentially be at risk for neurocysticercosis. Thus, limits for Taenia eggs in irrigation water should be established, and precautions should be taken in regions where pig taeniasis is endemic. The results of this study indicate that the theoretical hydraulic retention time (volume/flow) of a pond is not always a good surrogate for helminth egg removal.

Evaluation of alkalinity spatial distribution in an up-flow fixed bed anaerobic digester

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 948-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Hmissi ◽  
Jérôme Harmand ◽  
Victor Alcaraz-Gonzalez ◽  
Hedi Shayeb
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Hydrodynamic Behavior ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Tequila Vinasses

Abstract In this paper, an experimental study upon alkalinity and hydrodynamic behavior in an anaerobic up-flow fixed bed reactor for the treatment of tequila vinasses is presented. Measurements of volatile fatty acids, pH, alkalinity and bicarbonate were obtained at three sampling points in the reactor in the axial axis. Then, the spatial distribution of alkalinity is studied and discussed. Moreover, for further control process purposes, a hydrodynamic model based on the use of two interconnected two-steps reduced AM2 type models is proposed and its parameters are identified using experimental data.

Two-Phase Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste and Sewage Sludge: Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time

2014 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Wang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xue Jun Tan ◽  
Yi Xian Wang ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Acidogenic Reactor ◽  
In Series ◽  
The Impact

The impact of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on two-phase mesophilic (35°C) anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge was studied under mixing ratio of 1:1 on the TS basis. Laboratory-scale, two-phase anaerobic digestion systems were employed with each system consisting of an acidogenic reactor and a methanogenic reactor linked in series. For the acidogenic phase, an increase of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was observed as HRT increased from 1d to 5d and the HRT of 5d was recommended for significantly higher VFA production and less propionate percentage, which could provide stable and favourable substrates for the methane reactor. Under acidogenic HRT of 5d, 20d was proved to be the optimum HRT for methanogenic phase with the methane content, methane production rate, methane yield and two-phase VS removal rate reached 71%, 0.7L/(L·d), 0.69L/gVSremoved and 64.7%, respectively. Results verified that the constraints of conventional anaerobic digestion for food waste or sewage sludge separately could be overcome by synergistic effect of co-digestion strategy and two-phase treatment.

Decolourization of Textile Effluent Using a Low Cost Natural Adsorbent Material

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Meyer ◽  
F. H. H. Carlsson ◽  
R. A. Oellermann
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Natural Adsorbent ◽  
Maize Stalks ◽  
Sand Rice

To evaluate their abilities to remove colour from textile-plant effluents, tests were run using several low cost natural adsorbent materials including vermiculite, sawdust, barbecue charcoal, maize stalks, sand, rice husks and peatmoss. With the exception of vermiculite, more than 50% of the colour was removed from the wastewater, with barbecue charcoal and rice husks showing the best adsorptive qualities (67% and 65% respectively). Under simulated industrial conditions on a laboratory scale a fixed-bed reactor was used to investigate the adsorption capacity of barbecue charcoal with respect to colour removal. An average of 28% of colour was removed at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.6 h over a period of 25 days. The effect of pH on the adsorptive capacity with respect to colour removal and represents a relatively cheap adsorbent material compared to conventionally used granular activated carbon.

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