Additive Manufacturing: Post Processing Methods and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Prithu Mishra ◽  
Shruti Sood ◽  
Mayank Pandit ◽  
Pradeep Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Part Consolidation ◽  
Product Application ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Efficient Realization

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has shown great potential for efficient realization of complicated microdevices fabricated with higher freedom of design and made from a wide variety of materials suiting to their specific target functionalities. Capability of generation of components with reduced weights, higher part consolidation, greater customization offered along with minimal waste generation are its advantages over conventional manufacturing processes. The AM built parts, however, need to undergo relevant post processing techniques to render them fit for their end product application. The paper attempts to classify the post processing techniques and emphasize their applicability to specific AM methods, generalized procedure as well as the recent improvements undergone. The post processing techniques have been categorised as methods for support material removal, surface texture improvements, thermal and non-thermal post processing and aesthetic improvements. The main challenges to the expansion of additive manufacturing have been discussed which highlight the future, scope of improvement and research required in the area of appropriate tool path development and product quality with regards to surface roughness, resolution and porosity levels in the built part.

Fräsbearbeitung von Additivbauteilen*/Milling of additively manufactured parts – post-processing potential for automation of additively manufactured serial parts

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (06) ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
C. Häußinger ◽  
M.F. Zäh
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Additive Fertigung ◽  
Lightweight Structures ◽  
Laser Beam Melting ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Efficient Realization

Die Additive Fertigung mittels Laser-Strahlschmelzen eröffnet in Bezug auf Leichtbaukonstruktionen viele Möglichkeiten. Um qualitativ hochwertige Funktionsbauteile zu fertigen, ist jedoch in den meisten Fällen eine spanende Nachbearbeitung erforderlich. Zu deren produktiver Umsetzung wurde im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags eine Prozesskette am Beispiel des Fräsens definiert. Sie wurde zudem auf ihr Automatisierungspotenzial hin analysiert und an ausgewählten Prozessbausteinen wurden Automatisierungsmaßnahmen umgesetzt.   Additive manufacturing processes like laser beam melting enable many possibilities due to lightweight structures. However, a post-processing is necessary in most cases to produce high quality functional components. A process chain was developed for an efficient realization of the post-processing by milling. This process chain was analyzed for automation potentials and selected process modules were automated.

Incorporating Manufacturing Constraints in Topology Optimization Methods: A Survey

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Sutradhar ◽  
Jaejong Park ◽  
Payam Haghighi ◽  
Jacob Kresslein ◽  
Duane Detwiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Manufacturing Constraints ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing

Topology optimization provides optimized solutions with complex geometries which are often not suitable for direct manufacturing without further steps or post-processing by the designer. There has been a recent progression towards linking topology optimization with additive manufacturing, which is less restrictive than traditional manufacturing methods, but the technology is still in its infancy being costly, time-consuming, and energy inefficient. For applications in automotive or aerospace industries, the traditional manufacturing processes are still preferred and utilized to a far greater extent. Adding manufacturing constraints within the topology optimization framework eliminates the additional design steps of interpreting the topology optimization result and converting it to viable manufacturable parts. Furthermore, unintended but inevitable deviations that occur during manual conversion from the topology optimized result can be avoided. In this paper, we review recent advances to integrate (traditional) manufacturing constraints in the topology optimization process. The focus is on the methods that can create manufacturable and well-defined geometries. The survey will discuss the advantages, limitations, and related challenges of manufacturability in topology optimization.

The NC Machining Post-Processing Technology Based on UG

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 1254-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Fan Xie ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jin Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Automatic Programming ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Cnc System ◽  
Programming Tool ◽  
Nc Program ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Special Processor ◽  
Processing Techniques

Post-processing technology is the key to CNC automatic programming technology and an important module of the CAD / CAM system. Post-processing technology converts the NC program that is produced by the CNC automatic programming tool into the file that can be identified by CNC system. Moreover, the generated tool path files must match with the CNC system. Post-processing techniques and UG software are briefly introduced. Using them, a post-processor for FANUC CNC systems is created. The program that generated by the special processor is contrasted with the general processor. The results illustrat that using the dedicated post-processor in engineering applications can improve programming efficiency and processing reliability.

Distributed Additive Manufacturing: Concept for the Application of JT (ISO 14306) as Downstream Process Format

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Grimm ◽  
Alexander Christ ◽  
Reiner Anderl
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Downstream Processes ◽  
Globally Distributed

Additive manufacturing is gaining new impetus due to decreasing costs for additive manufacturing machines and materials, and the continuous improvement of additive manufacturing technology itself. The integration of modern internet technologies paves the way for a globally distributed additive manufacturing, but recently used data formats fall short to offer consistent solutions to address current and future requirements for efficient distributed additive manufacturing. The integration of the standardized 3D data format JT (ISO 14306) in distributed additive manufacturing enables the deployment of additive manufacturing processes based on open standards with a suitable integration in established engineering applications. Different geometry representations, integration of meta data, harmonization with other standardized data formats like STEP and the prevalence in industry lead to the usage of one standardized 3D data format for all engineering downstream processes. In this paper, two approaches for the integration of JT based on automated conversion and JT based slicing and tool path generation are introduced and validated. The utilization of web services enables the controlling and monitoring of additive manufacturing processes on mobile devices, independent of the location, for an efficient collaboration on a global scale.

scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing Under Lunar Gravity and Microgravity

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Reitz ◽  
C. Lotz ◽  
N. Gerdes ◽  
S. Linke ◽  
E. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Lunar Gravity ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Manufacturing Tests ◽  
Laser Experiments ◽  
Materials Used

AbstractMankind is setting to colonize space, for which the manufacturing of habitats, tools, spare parts and other infrastructure is required. Commercial manufacturing processes are already well engineered under standard conditions on Earth, which means under Earth’s gravity and atmosphere. Based on the literature review, additive manufacturing under lunar and other space gravitational conditions have only been researched to a very limited extent. Especially, additive manufacturing offers many advantages, as it can produce complex structures while saving resources. The materials used do not have to be taken along on the mission, they can even be mined and processed on-site. The Einstein-Elevator offers a unique test environment for experiments under different gravitational conditions. Laser experiments on selectively melting regolith simulant are successfully conducted under lunar gravity and microgravity. The created samples are characterized in terms of their geometry, mass and porosity. These experiments are the first additive manufacturing tests under lunar gravity worldwide.

scholarly journals Post-Processing Techniques for the Improvement of Liposome Stability

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Ji Young Yu ◽  
Piyanan Chuesiang ◽  
Gye Hwa Shin ◽  
Hyun Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Additional Process ◽  
Spray Freeze Drying ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Aggregation ◽  
Liposome Stability

Liposomes have been utilized as a drug delivery system to increase the bioavailability of drugs and to control the rate of drug release at the target site of action. However, the occurrence of self-aggregation, coalescence, flocculation and the precipitation of aqueous liposomes during formulation or storage can cause degradation of the vesicle structure, leading to the decomposition of liposomes. To increase the stability of liposomes, post-processing techniques have been applied as an additional process to liposomes after formulation to remove water and generate dry liposome particles with a higher stability and greater accessibility for drug administration in comparison with aqueous liposomes. This review covers the effect of these techniques including freeze drying, spray drying and spray freeze drying on the stability, physicochemical properties and drug encapsulation efficiency of dry liposomes. The parameters affecting the properties of liposomes during the drying process are also highlighted in this review. In addition, the impact of using a protective agent to overcome such limitations of each process is thoroughly discussed through various studies.

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