The Selection of Foundation Type of Large Cross-Section Wire of Transmission Line Iron Tower in Mountain Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Yuan Liang Zhang ◽  
Yi Hu Zhang ◽  
Ya Ping Ge
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Double Loop ◽  
Large Cross Section ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Foundation Type ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Line Iron

For difference of elevation of transmission line in mountain areas, special considerations are needed for foundation design and construction.Take double-loop wire of 2×400 and mixed voltage four-loop wire of 2×630 iron tower as analysis examples, material quantity and economy index of different types of foundation in mountain areas are analysed in this paper so as to provide inference information for electrical construction.

The Economic Analysis of Large Cross-Section Conductor in UHVDC Project

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 3198-3200
Author(s):  
Hai Ying Zhou ◽  
Chun Lei Bu ◽  
Ming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Large Cross Section ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Line Loss

Conductor scheme is one of key issues in the design of the UHVDC transmission project, and it is significant for the construction cost and safe operation of transmission line. It can be concluded from analysis on application of existing conductor that the appropriate decrease in number of bundle conductor and increase of the conductor cross-section will reduce line loss, which has remarkable social-economic benefits. In this paper, the economic analysis of large cross-section conductor is conducted based on UHVDC Project. Some useful suggestions are given.

The Comparison and Selection of the Solutions for Liuyang River Tunnel’s Inclined Shaft Entering to the Main Hole and the Key Points of Construction

2012 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Zhi Min Xiang ◽  
Ren Ai Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Large Cross Section ◽  
Transition Section ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Construction Scheme ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Efficient Construction ◽  
Selection Of

The construction geological condition is complex in the transition section from the inclined shaft to the main hole. There are two kinds of construction schemes. After the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the two different construction schemes, it has selected the construction scheme of the rectangular pilot tunnel vertical to the main hole. This paper solve the construction problem of the transition section from the inclined shaft to the main hole of large cross section tunnel of passenger dedicated line under complicated geological conditions. According to the previous research results, the method can be used to large-cross section tunnel. The scaffold design and auxiliary construction measures is detailed. Compared with the expected duration, it completed the transition construction ahead of time with the speed superior to the ones of other similar works, and forming a safe and efficient construction situation.

scholarly journals The Researches on Construction Response and Excavation Method Optimization of Extra-large Cross-section Urban Subway Tunnel

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 03041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wu ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Yong Bo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Large Cross Section ◽  
Subway Tunnel ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Method Optimization ◽  
Underground Station ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

In the extra-large cross-section urban subway underground station projects, the key problem is to choose the appropriate excavation method and grasp the mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock after excavation. The double side drift method is widely used in the urban subway underground station construction with extra-large cross-section in China. This paper presents the deformation characteristics of the extra-large cross-section tunnel of urban subway and a comparison with the numerical simulation results. In the city subway underground excavation of large section station, the mechanical behavior of surrounding rock change and its influence on the surrounding area mainly depend on the selection of construction methods. The convergent deformation of tunnel cavern, the subsidence of the surface and the force failure of the surrounding rock associated the construction approaches are demonstrated. This study provides a more in-depth demonstration of the way to optimize the excavation method of the extra-large cross-section tunnel to achieve the purpose of controlling the deformation of the surface and surrounding rock.

Air exchange dynamics in the system of large cross-section blind roadways

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
S.V. Maltsev ◽  
◽  
B.P. Kazakov ◽  
A.G. Isaevich ◽  
M.A. Semin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Large Cross Section ◽  
Air Exchange

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Selection of Additives in Porous Asphalt Mixtures Using Mechanical, Hydraulic, Economic, and Environmental Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2146
Author(s):  
Anik Gupta ◽  
Carlos J. Slebi-Acevedo ◽  
Esther Lizasoain-Arteaga ◽  
Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez ◽  
Daniel Castro-Fresno
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Product Assessment ◽  
Polymer Modified Bitumen ◽  
Selection Of

Porous asphalt (PA) mixtures are more environmentally friendly but have lower durability than dense-graded mixtures. Additives can be incorporated into PA mixtures to enhance their mechanical strength; however, they may compromise the hydraulic characteristics, increase the total cost of pavement, and negatively affect the environment. In this paper, PA mixtures were produced with 5 different types of additives including 4 fibers and 1 filler. Their performances were compared with the reference mixtures containing virgin bitumen and polymer-modified bitumen. The performance of all mixes was assessed using: mechanical, hydraulic, economic, and environmental indicators. Then, the Delphi method was applied to compute the relative weights for the parameters in multi-criteria decision-making methods. Evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS), technique for order of the preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) were employed to rank the additives. According to the results obtained, aramid pulp displayed comparable and, for some parameters such as abrasion resistance, even better performance than polymer-modified bitumen, whereas cellulose fiber demonstrated the best performance regarding sustainability, due to economic and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Methods for Preventing Visual Attacks in Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Data Discard and Dimensionality Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5235
Author(s):  
Nikita Andriyanov
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Network Inference ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rectangular Area ◽  
Noise Impulse ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the study of convolutional neural network inference in the task of image processing under the influence of visual attacks. Attacks of four different types were considered: simple, involving the addition of white Gaussian noise, impulse action on one pixel of an image, and attacks that change brightness values within a rectangular area. MNIST and Kaggle dogs vs. cats datasets were chosen. Recognition characteristics were obtained for the accuracy, depending on the number of images subjected to attacks and the types of attacks used in the training. The study was based on well-known convolutional neural network architectures used in pattern recognition tasks, such as VGG-16 and Inception_v3. The dependencies of the recognition accuracy on the parameters of visual attacks were obtained. Original methods were proposed to prevent visual attacks. Such methods are based on the selection of “incomprehensible” classes for the recognizer, and their subsequent correction based on neural network inference with reduced image sizes. As a result of applying these methods, gains in the accuracy metric by a factor of 1.3 were obtained after iteration by discarding incomprehensible images, and reducing the amount of uncertainty by 4–5% after iteration by applying the integration of the results of image analyses in reduced dimensions.

scholarly journals Are We Able to Print Components as Strong as Injection Molded?—Comparing the Properties of 3D Printed and Injection Molded Components Made from ABS Thermoplastic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6946
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Podsiadły ◽  
Andrzej Skalski ◽  
Wiktor Rozpiórski ◽  
Marcin Słoma
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Large Cross Section ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
The Cross

In this paper, we are focusing on comparing results obtained for polymer elements manufactured with injection molding and additive manufacturing techniques. The analysis was performed for fused deposition modeling (FDM) and single screw injection molding with regards to the standards used in thermoplastics processing technology. We argue that the cross-section structure of the sample obtained via FDM is the key factor in the fabrication of high-strength components and that the dimensions of the samples have a strong influence on the mechanical properties. Large cross-section samples, 4 × 10 mm2, with three perimeter layers and 50% infill, have lower mechanical strength than injection molded reference samples—less than 60% of the strength. However, if we reduce the cross-section dimensions down to 2 × 4 mm2, the samples will be more durable, reaching up to 110% of the tensile strength observed for the injection molded samples. In the case of large cross-section samples, strength increases with the number of contour layers, leading to an increase of up to 97% of the tensile strength value for 11 perimeter layer samples. The mechanical strength of the printed components can also be improved by using lower values of the thickness of the deposited layers.

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