Study on the Connectivity Reliability of Underground Road System

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 724-729
Author(s):  
Xue Hui Yang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Ling Ling Wu
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Road System ◽  
Calculation Models

The problems in connectivity of underground road system deepens the impact from disastrous emergencies. The more reliable connectivity calls for less time for emergency evacuation from underground road. Based on the summary analysis of urban underground road network, connectivity reliability is well defined and its calculation models are established in the article. Additionally, the evaluation is made of the reliability of different connectivity in different urban underground road system and the ways to improve are correspondingly recommended.

Testing the Impact of Road Network Connectivity on Criminal Lethality

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron C. Poole ◽  
James C. McCutcheon ◽  
Kayla Toohy ◽  
Bert Burraston
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

Increased road network connectivity has been linked to more positive outcomes among all health outcomes. Road network connectivity has yet to be tested in association with specifically criminal lethality. The current study looks to incorporate road network connectivity as an explanatory variable for criminal lethality. Data on Road Network Connectivity and Criminal Lethality are gathered for 190 cities. Data sources include the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), 2010 Census, 2010 American Community Survey, Google Earth, and Census Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) files. The data demonstrate that a city’s road network connectivity is related to decreases in the rates of lethality among assaults. Implications of this finding are discussed.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN JALAN LAYANG JANTI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN TATA RUANG KAWASAN JANTI STUDI KASUS : KAWASAN JANTI, DESA CATURTUNGGAL, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, D. I. YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Jeky El Boru
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parking Place

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the impact of Janti Flyover Construction toward the growth of layout at Janti Urban Area, including structured space, open space, and linkage. Method used for data collecting are observation, air photograph monitoring, and interview, whereas the analysis method is qualitative description, which is the superimposed method of two layers, that are the layout condition before and after flyover construction. The result shows that the impact of Janti Flyover construction can be seen on building mass (solid), the increasing number of open spaces, including the road network, parking place, and park, whereas the relation between spaces, visually and structurally, can be seen on the growth of buildings which have new shapes and styles, therefore the performance of the overall building does not have a proportional shape. Considering Janti Street at the collective relation, its role is getting stronger as the main frame road network.Keywords: Flyover construction, layout changing, Janti AreaAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terhadap perkembangan tata ruang Kawasan Janti, meliputi ruang terbangun, ruang terbuka, serta hubungan antar ruang (“linkage”). Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, pengamatan foto udara, dan wawancara; sedangkan metode analisis melalui deskripsi secara kualitatif yang berupa “superimposed method” dari dua lapisan kondisi lahan, yakni kondisi tata ruang sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan jalan layang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terdapat pada massa bangunan (“solid”), pertambahan ruang terbuka yang berupa jaringan jalan, parkir, dan taman; sedangkan pada hubungan antar ruang ̶ secara visual dan struktural ̶ yakni tumbuhnya bangunan dengan bentuk dan gaya baru, sehingga bentuk tampilan bangunan secara keseluruhan tidak proporsional. Pada hubungan kolektif, Jalan Janti semakin kuat perannya sebagai kerangka utama jaringan jalan.Kata kunci : Pembangunan jalan layang, tata ruang, Kawasan Janti

scholarly journals Integrated IEW-TOPSIS and Fire Dynamics Simulation for Agent-Based Evacuation Modeling in Industrial Safety

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Wattana Chanthakhot ◽  
Kasin Ransikarbum
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Impact

Emergency events in the industrial sector have been increasingly reported during the past decade. However, studies that focus on emergency evacuation to improve industrial safety are still scarce. Existing evacuation-related studies also lack a perspective of fire assembly point’s analysis. In this research, location of assembly points is analyzed using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique based on the integrated information entropy weight (IEW) and techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to support the fire evacuation plan. Next, we propose a novel simulation model that integrates fire dynamics simulation coupled with agent-based evacuation simulation to evaluate the impact of smoke and visibility from fire on evacuee behavior. Factors related to agent and building characteristics are examined for fire perception of evacuees, evacuees with physical disabilities, escape door width, fire location, and occupancy density. Then, the proposed model is applied to a case study of a home appliance factory in Chachoengsao, Thailand. Finally, results for the total evacuation time and the number of remaining occupants are statistically examined to suggest proper evacuation planning.

scholarly journals MPA network design based on graph theory and emergent properties of larval dispersal

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 309-326
Author(s):  
A Ospina-Alvarez ◽  
S de Juan ◽  
J Alós ◽  
G Basterretxea ◽  
A Alonso-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Larval Connectivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mpa Network

Despite the recognised effectiveness of networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a biodiversity conservation instrument, MPA network design frequently disregards the importance of connectivity patterns. In the case of sedentary marine populations, connectivity stems not only from the stochastic nature of the physical environment that affects dispersal of early life stages, but also from the spawning stock attributes that affect reproductive output (e.g. passive eggs and larvae) and survivorship. Early life stages are virtually impossible to track in the ocean. Therefore, numerical ocean current simulations coupled with egg and larval Lagrangian transport models remain the most common approach for the assessment of marine larval connectivity. Inferred larval connectivity may differ depending on the type of connectivity considered; consequently, the prioritisation of sites for the conservation of marine populations might also differ. Here, we introduce a framework for evaluating and designing MPA networks based on the identification of connectivity hotspots using graph theoretic analysis. As a case study, we used a network of open-access areas and MPAs off Mallorca Island (Spain), and tested its effectiveness for the protection of the painted comber Serranus scriba. Outputs from network analysis were used to (1) identify critical areas for improving overall larval connectivity, (2) assess the impact of species’ biological parameters in network connectivity and (3) explore alternative MPA configurations to improve average network connectivity. Results demonstrate the potential of graph theory to identify non-trivial egg/larval dispersal patterns and emerging collective properties of the MPA network, which are relevant for increasing protection efficiency.

scholarly journals Antiepileptic Efficacy and Network Connectivity Modulation of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation by Vertex Suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Fu ◽  
Aikedan Aisikaer ◽  
Zhijuan Chen ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Jianzhong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Seizure Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
The Impact

A core feature of drug-resistant epilepsy is hyperexcitability in the motor cortex, and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a suitable treatment for seizures. However, the antiepileptic effect causing network reorganization has rarely been studied. Here, we assessed the impact of rTMS on functional network connectivity (FNC) in resting functional networks (RSNs) and their relation to treatment response. Fourteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy received inhibitive rTMS with a figure-of-eight coil over the vertex for 10 days spread across two weeks. We designed a 6-week follow-up phase divided into four time points to investigate FNC and rTMS-induced timing-dependent plasticity, such as seizure frequency and abnormal interictal discharges on electroencephalography (EEG). For psychiatric comorbidities, the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) were applied to measure depression and anxiety before and after rTMS. FNC was also compared to that of a cohort of 17 healthy control subjects. The after-effects of rTMS included all subjects that achieved the significant decrease rate of more than 50% in interictal epileptiform discharges and seizure frequency, 12 (14) patients with the reduction rate above 50% compared to the baseline, as well as emotional improvements in depression and anxiety (p < 0.05). In the analysis of RSNs, we found a higher synchronization between the sensorimotor network (SMN) and posterior default-mode network (pDMN) in epileptic patients than in healthy controls. In contrast to pre-rTMS, the results demonstrated a weaker FNC between the anterior DMN (aDMN) and SMN after rTMS, while the FNC between the aDMN and dorsal attention network (DAN) was greater (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Importantly, the depressive score was anticorrelated with the FNC of the aDMN-SMN (r = −0.67, p = 0.0022), which was markedly different in the good and bad response groups treated with rTMS (p = 0.0115). Based on the vertex suppression by rTMS, it is possible to achieve temporary clinical efficacy by modulating network reorganization in the DMN and SMN for patients with refractory epilepsy.

scholarly journals Impact of Road Network Topology on Public Transportation Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Minzhi Chen ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Min Yin ◽  
Jiangang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Urban Road Network ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Layout Structure ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Transportation Development ◽  
The Impact

Planning of road networks is fundamental for public transportation. The impact of road network density on public transportation has been extensively studied, but few studies in this regard involved evaluation indicators for connectivity and layout of road networks. With 29 cities in China as the study cases, this paper quantifies the layout structure of the road network based on the network’s betweenness centralization and establishes a multivariate linear regression model to perform regression of the logarithm of the frequency of per capita public transportation on betweenness centralization. It is found in the present work that there is a significant correlation between the layout structure of an urban road network and the residents’ utilization degree of public transportation. A greater betweenness centralization of the urban road network, namely a more centralized road network, means a higher frequency of per capita public transportation of urban residents and a higher degree of the residents’ utilization of public transportation. In the development of public transportation, centralized and axial-shaped layout structures of road networks can be promoted to improve the utilization of public transportation.

The Impact of Technology Advances on Strategy Formulation in Mobile Communications Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 90-120
Author(s):  
Ioanna D. Constantiou ◽  
George C. Polyzos
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

Over the last couple of years, we have been witnessing the process of convergence between wireless and wired networks, under intense technological innovation and rapid market evolution. Mobile operators are trying to maintain a leading role in the market as it evolves towards integration with the Internet. However, the development of a multitude of new services will require the growth of a whole new market for network connectivity, applications and content. In order to understand the business opportunities arising and the ensuing competitive dynamics, this chapter explores the evolution of key players’ business relationships and strategies along with a range of critical issues that will be faced by companies and regulators alike.

scholarly journals Analysis of Emergency Evacuation Modal Choice Behavior with Spatial Indicators: Case Study in Xi’an, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7023
Author(s):  
Zhihao Duan ◽  
Jinliang Xu ◽  
Han Ru ◽  
Yaping Dong ◽  
Xingliang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Modal Choice ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Spatial Indicators ◽  
The Impact

To reduce the impact of a natural or man-made disaster, an evacuation is often implemented to transfer the population in the potentially impacted area to a safe zone. Evacuation is an effective measure for dealing with emergency events. This paper presents a multinomial logit model for modal choice behavior in a short-notice emergency evacuation, which incorporates spatial indicators into the utility function. The study examined the determinants of evacuees’ modal choice for three evacuation distances and analyzed determinants impacting the mechanism of the modal choice decision process. The data collected in Xi’an was used to provide empirical evidence for the relationship between spatial indicators and modal choice behavior. The findings of this study will help emergency planners and policy-makers develop strategies for evacuation planning and will enable a better understanding of emergency modal choice behaviors.

scholarly journals On the Performance of the Current MANET Routing Protocols for VoIP, HTTP, and FTP Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waheb A. Jabbar ◽  
Mahamod Ismail ◽  
Rosdiadee Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Mobile Environment ◽  
Multihop Wireless ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
The Impact

The recent advances of ensemble mobile environment of smart devices with embedded sensors have enabled the MANET to play a key role in the smart cities as well as WSN and WMN. However, these smart devices are still limited in terms of energy, processor, and memory. Moreover, the efficient routing for reliable network connectivity at anytime, anywhere, and about everything is still a challenge in multihop wireless networks. This paper evaluates the QoS and energy efficiency of three active routing protocols: (i) OLSRv2, a successor to OLSR, (ii) DYMO, a successor to both DSR and AODV, and (iii) MP-OLSR multipath extension to OLSRv2. In contrast to the related previous works which focused only on CBR traffic without considering the influence of specific traffic types on the performance of routing protocols, this work focused on this area from a different perspective. It evaluates the performance of three internet-based traffic types that can be used in the smart city applications: VoIP, HTTP, and FTP using different simulation models. The impact of the network density, load traffic, and nodes mobility on the considered protocols was evaluated by considering particular performance metrics for each traffic application. Based on the results, the study concludes by presenting useful recommendations for future work.

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