The Compliance Research of RoHS Based on XUL and Java RCP

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 2750-2753
Author(s):  
Chuan Hong Zhou ◽  
Xiao Ning Wang ◽  
Hai Shi ◽  
Shao Bo Kang

According to the characteristics of the electrical and electronic products in the RoHS directive and combines the latest technology of Java-rich client and the development of XUL, this paper made an intensive research through building a software system to control the hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.

elni Review ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Zangl ◽  
Carl-Otto Gensch

The EU Directive 2002/96/EC on restriction of use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS Directive) stipulates that from 1st July 2006 onwards new electrical and electronic equipment put on the market will not contain lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). This restriction shall not apply to applications listed in the Directive’s Annex. Article 5 (1) (b) contains criteria for exempting materials and components from the abovementioned restriction in order to adapt the Annex to scientific and technical progress. Stakeholders have been invited to apply for exemptions from restriction of use according to the criteria in Article 5 (1) (b) against the background of adaptation of the Annex to scientific and technical progress. Prior to an amendment of the Annex, a public stakeholder consultation has to take place. Öko-Institut e.V. (the Institute for Applied Ecology) and Fraunhofer IZM (the Institute for Reliability and Microintegration) have been appointed by the European Commission to review the requests. This paper introduces the experience gained during this work, i.e. it outlines how the requirements of the RoHS Directive affect ecodesign, energy efficiency and waste treatment of domestic appliances and lighting (DAL) and what opportunities and drawbacks could arise as a consequence thereof.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3923
Author(s):  
Anton Berwald ◽  
Gergana Dimitrova ◽  
Thijs Feenstra ◽  
Joop Onnekink ◽  
Harm Peters ◽  
...  

The increased diversity and complexity of plastics used in modern devices, such as electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), can have negative impacts on their recyclability. Today, the main economic driver for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling stems from metal recovery. WEEE plastics recycling, on the other hand, still represents a major challenge. Strategies like design ‘for’, but also the much younger concept of design ‘from’ recycling play a key role in closing the material loops within a circular economy. While these strategies are usually analysed separately, this brief report harmonises them in comprehensive Design for Circularity guidelines, established in a multi-stakeholder collaboration with industry leaders from the entire WEEE value chain. The guidelines were developed at the product and part levels. They are divided in five categories: (1) avoidance of hazardous substances; (2) enabling easy access and removal of hazardous or polluting parts; (3) use of recyclable materials; (4) use of material combinations and connections allowing easy liberation; (5) use of recycled materials. These guidelines are the first harmonised set to be released for the EEE industry. They can readily serve decision-makers from different levels, including product designers and manufacturers as well as policymakers.


Author(s):  
Н.В. Астахов ◽  
А.В. Башкиров ◽  
О.Ю. Макаров ◽  
А.А. Пирогов ◽  
А.С. Демихова

Обеспечение надежности и качества радиоэлектронных средств и приборов - это одна из главных задач в процессе проектирования новых устройств. Благодаря высокому качеству паяных соединений увеличивается срок службы электронных изделий, а также их безотказность в процессе эксплуатации и ремонтопригодность. Также нужно не забывать об экологической безопасности производимых устройств. В связи со всем вышеизложенным наиболее перспективно проводить исследования и искать практические решения возникающих трудностей в сфере технологий, в которых используются бессвинцовые припои, что позволит соблюсти современные требования к электронной аппаратуре. Кратко изложены основные последствия и проблемы применения чисто бессвинцовой пайки, рассмотрены проблемы применения смешанной технологии пайки и исследование эффекта роста оловянных «усов». Сделан вывод о том, что избежать большинства дефектов помогает применение активных флюсов, сохраняющих свои свойства при высоких температурах, пасту необходимо выбирать с тем условием, что в ее составе не должно быть канифоли, которая начинает активно выделяться в виде газа при повышении температуры, следует также верно подбирать температурный профиль пайки. Среди финишных покрытий лучше всего себя зарекомендовали иммерсионное серебро и никель-золото. Применение в припое в качестве заменителей свинца таких металлов, как висмут и индий существенно повышает стоимость припоев. Отмечается, что хорошие показатели имеют припои с содержанием цинка, однако цинк приводит к невозможности долгосрочного хранения паяльных паст, повышению оксидирования, необходимости пайки в среде инертных газов и с применением активных флюсов Ensuring the reliability and quality of radio-electronic equipment and devices is one of the main problems in the process of designing new devices. Due to the high quality of soldered joints, the service life of electronic products increases, as well as their reliability during operation and maintainability. It is also necessary not to forget about the environmental safety of the manufactured devices. In connection with all the above, it is most promising to conduct research and look for practical solutions to the emerging difficulties in the field of technologies that use lead-free solders, which will allow us to meet modern requirements for electronic equipment. The article briefly describes the main consequences and problems of using pure lead-free soldering, the problems of using mixed soldering technology, and the study of the effect "whiskers". Use of active fluxes that retain their properties at high temperatures helps to avoid most defects, the paste should be chosen with the condition that it should not contain rosin, which begins to actively emit as a gas when the temperature rises, and the temperature profile of soldering should also be correctly selected. Among the finishing coatings, immersion silver and nickel-gold proved to be the best. The use of metals such as bismuth and indium in solder, as lead substitutes, significantly increases the cost of solders. The article also notes that solders with a zinc content have good indicators but zinc leads to the impossibility of long-term storage of soldering pastes, increased oxidation, the need for soldering in an environment of inert gases and with the use of active fluxes


Author(s):  
Serdar Tumkor ◽  
John W. Sutherland ◽  
Vishesh V. Kumar

Discarded electrical and electronic equipment contains valuable materials, low value parts, and hazardous substances. There is a growing concern regarding the management of end-of-use equipment owing to the environmental concerns associated with discarding used devices. Electronic waste or scrap consumes valuable landfill space and may ultimately contaminate groundwater sources. In addition, replacing discarded components with new components typically consumes valuable virgin material resources. With the advent of the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Directive, used electrical and electronic products are now being recovered in Turkey as a European Union (EU) candidate country, and several companies in Turkey have begun to recover latent value through disassembly and reuse/recycling of materials and components. To remain competitive, these companies must implement economical and environmentally responsible recovery processes. There are a number of research challenges associated with product recovery. This paper describes the current product recovery infrastructure in Turkey, and discusses future trends and drivers for successful product take-back.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181469
Author(s):  
Masataka Ohgaki ◽  
Yuko Takeguchi ◽  
Shin Okawa ◽  
Kenji Namiki

In 2013, the European Union expanded the list of hazardous substances contained in the RoHS Directive. In addition, certain phthalate esters, such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), will be categorized as RoHS-prohibited substances starting from July 2019. Although pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) is a promising analytical method for the screening of phthalate esters, we have developed a novel soft-ionization MS method that is quantitative as well as faster and more convenient for this purpose. The sample was measured three times, after providing the calibration curve using a powdery standard material of SPEX. The data collection time is 5 min, and continuous measurements are completed within 8 min per sample. The mass spectrum was corrected by dividing the intensity by the sample weight. For the coefficient of variation, DBP was 2.9%, BBP was 3.4%, DEHP was 3.6%, and good reproducibility was observed. Precise analyses of phthalate esters using traditional methods can require solvent extraction times of up to 24 h as well as special techniques. Therefore, a screening method that can be easily carried out by anyone within ten minutes is very attractive.


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