Research on Chromaticity Characterization Methods of the Ink Trapping

2012 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Hao Liu ◽  
Shao Hong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Density Evaluation ◽  
Color Printing ◽  
Color Value ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Trapping Effects

The practical applied formula are based on the density measurement in ink trapping characterization methods, but the density measurement is more suitable for detecting single color printing effect. Due to the defects of the testing equipment, the density measurement is not suitable for the evaluation of ink trapping. Chromaticity evaluation method bases on the color difference between the sample color values and the ideal color values to evaluate ink trapping effects, which can characterize better on the ink trapping effects. Research results showed that the density evaluation method has many deficiencies, and Neugebauer equations predict on the chroma evaluation method doesn’t reach an enough precise to get the ideal value about the secondary overprinting, while the color value which is measured by spectroscopic measurement by experimental methods can be used as the ideal color value of the chromaticity evaluation method. Study on the comparison between density evaluation method and chroma evaluation method of ink trapping, the relative conclusions about advantages and disadvantages of different ink trapping characterization methods will be summarized.

Bewertung lichter Wälder im Kanton Zürich und der Nutzen für das Projektmanagement | Evaluation of open forest in Canton Zurich and its significance for project management

2006 ◽  
Vol 157 (8) ◽  
pp. 303-309
Author(s):  
René Bertiller ◽  
Andreas Keel ◽  
Hans-Peter Stutz
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Open Forests ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
The Way

In 2004, the canton of Zurich possessed 376 hectares of uninterrupted open forest. Such stretches of forest provide essential habitats for animal species that favour both light and heat. Standardised surveys, and available data relative to existing flora and fauna has greatly facilitated the evaluation of the forest's vegetation and inhabitants. This contribution presents both the methods used, and the initial results. The advantages and disadvantages of the so called LiWa-indicator are discussed,and the way this evaluation method can be used to manage the plan of action entitled «Open forests in Canton Zurich»is illustrated.

scholarly journals A Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization for Trajectory Planning of Fruit Picking Manipulator

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2286
Author(s):  
Xiaoman Cao ◽  
Hansheng Yan ◽  
Zhengyan Huang ◽  
Si Ai ◽  
Yongjun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Optimal Evaluation

Stable, efficient and lossless fruit picking has always been a difficult problem, perplexing the development of fruit automatic picking technology. In order to effectively solve this technical problem, this paper establishes a multi-objective trajectory model of the manipulator and proposes an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (represented as GMOPSO). The algorithm combines the methods of mutation operator, annealing factor and feedback mechanism to improve the diversity of the population on the basis of meeting the stable motion, avoiding the local optimal solution and accelerating the convergence speed. By adopting the average optimal evaluation method, the robot arm motion trajectory has been testified to constructively fulfill the picking standards of stability, efficiency and lossless. The performance of the algorithm is verified by ZDT1~ZDT3 benchmark functions, and its competitive advantages and disadvantages with other multi-objective evolutionary algorithms are further elaborated. In this paper, the algorithm is simulated and verified by practical experiments with the optimization objectives of time, energy consumption and pulsation. The simulation results show that the solution set of the algorithm is close to the real Pareto frontier. The optimal solution obtained by the average optimal evaluation method is as follows: the time is 34.20 s, the energy consumption is 61.89 °/S2 and the pulsation is 72.18 °/S3. The actual test results show that the trajectory can effectively complete fruit picking, the average picking time is 25.5 s, and the success rate is 96.67%. The experimental results show that the trajectory of the manipulator obtained by GMOPSO algorithm can make the manipulator run smoothly and facilitates efficient, stable and nondestructive picking.

Examination of the Nitrided Case

2003 ◽  
pp. 167-183
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Microhardness Testing ◽  
Nitrided Case

Abstract Examining and evaluating the nitrided case is generally accomplished by hardness testing and microscopic examination. This chapter discusses both characterization methods, as well as sample preparation. The discussion covers the process, advantages, and disadvantages of these methods. The chapter also discusses the processes involved in the etching of the sample after microhardness testing and provides some practices that contribute to the safe preparation of specimens. Examples of nitrided case microstructures are also presented.

scholarly journals Determination of Liberation Degree of Mechanically Processed Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Using the Digital Microscope and SEM-EDS Analysis

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Pereira Gonçalves ◽  
Akira Otsuki
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Target Component ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Processed Waste

Characterization of heterogeneous materials, such as particles from mechanically processed waste printed circuit boards, is a challenging task. The majority of characterization methods either give average information or information that is very limited and in a tiny area of specific interest. That said, capturing such heterogeneity is significantly important for any kind of processes. Degree of liberation, indicating how much the target component is liberated from the non-valuable components, is a key property to determine the success of subsequent process for valuable material recovery. This work analyzed the degree of liberation of metals within the products of hammer milling process via the combination of image acquisition and analysis. The digital microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used for image acquisition and elemental mapping, in order to evaluate the selective liberation under different milling conditions (i.e., feed mass, milling time) for different metals (mainly Cu and Al) and particle size fractions. The obtained liberation degree was also modelled and determined the liberation parameters that were compared. The results showed that the degree of liberation significantly depend on the milling conditions and metals we analyzed, and well correlated with the selective metal enrichment behavior. Results between the two methods showed some similarities and discrepancies. The advantages and disadvantages of the above two methods were identified and discussed in the paper, in addition to their methodological developments.

scholarly journals Selecting the most effective alternative of waterproofing membranes for multifunctional inverted flat roofs

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius KALIBATAS ◽  
Vytautas KOVAITIS
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Flat Roofs ◽  
Made In

There are many various methods, techniques and materials for constructing multifunctional inverted flat roofs now. However, in practice, the constructed roofs of this type often have various defects, whose elimination is rather costly. To solve this problem, the analysis of multifunctional inverted flat roofs has been performed and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as building defects and mistakes made in the course of construction, have been demonstrated. Damp-proofing materials available on the market for making waterproofing membranes for multifunctional inverted flat roofs have been evaluated. The problem of choosing the most effective membrane alternative for the investigated type of roofs is solved by analysing ten alternatives with the help of multi-criteria evaluation method, SAW and three game theory rules determined by Hurwicz, Laplace and Bayes, as well as LEVI 3.0 program. The analysis of the results has shown that the alternative No. 5 is the best membrane alternative among the ten considered options.

Design Aspects of Green Water Loading on FPSOs

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas Buchner ◽  
Joaqui´n Lopez-Cortijo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Water Problem ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Empirical Design

Green water is a significant problem for floating ship-type offshore structures, which needs to be assessed in the early design of the structure. First the present paper summarises a new semi-empirical design evaluation procedure that can assist in this design process. Then the practical design considerations related to the green water problem are discussed. There are different ways to solve the green water problem for a particular structure at a specific location: • Design the vessel and structures on the deck against the predicted green water impact load levels. • Optimise the bow shape (underwater shape and above water bow flare). • Increase the freeboard height such that green water is prevented completely. • Increase the freeboard height such that the green water loads are reduced to acceptable levels and design for these load levels. • Optimise the structures on the deck to minimise the green water impact loads. • Use protecting breakwaters in front of critical structures on the deck. All these options have their advantages and disadvantages. The semi-empirical design evaluation method and the different design options are discussed in a case study, focussing on a new DP FPSO concept.

scholarly journals Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Graft Options

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967118S0004
Author(s):  
Gustavo Vinagre ◽  
João Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Knee Stability ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Sports Traumatology ◽  
The Ideal

Introduction: The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear is one of the most feared injuries since it can be crucial in the athlete’s career. The ACL reconstruction is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in Sports and the goal is to restore knee stability and avoid further injuries on the meniscus and cartilage, representing a constant topic of debate in Sports Traumatology. There are different graft options for ACL reconstruction that have been described over the years, addressed by different studies with controversy and different outcomes. The decision of the ideal graft for an ACL reconstruction is very complex, but should be consensual among all those involved in the injury process, and should be taken according to patient´s anatomy, physical demand and intrinsic graft specifications, that are key to know and understand. Objectives: Review and summarize the different graft options available for ACL reconstruction in order to make an optimal and individualized choice for each athlete to maximize the return to play and back to Sports at pre-injury levels. Methods: A literature review was performed on PubMed / Medline electronic databases with the words “ACL graft” by relevance. The articles with graft comparisons specifications were selected. Results: The results of our review were summarized with the advantages and disadvantages of the following grafts: Bone-Tendon-Bone (BTB) autograft; hamstrings autograft, quadriceps autograft and allografts. Conclusion: Taking into account the scientific knowledge available and despite the differences in each graft, the choice of the ideal graft that should be used in the ACL reconstruction should be individualized for each athlete, according to intrinsic graft specifications and extrinsic particularities of each sport and athlete.

The Research of Laryngeal Reconstruction with Personalized Artificial Larynx Using Tissue Engineering

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 1939-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xiang Zheng ◽  
Ting Chun Shi ◽  
Xiu Yan Yue ◽  
Xiao An
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cartilage Injury ◽  
Injury Repair ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Laryngeal Cartilage ◽  
Artificial Larynx ◽  
The Ideal

It brings the pain to the patients whether in spirit or on physiology when laryngeal cartilage is injured. The paper reviewed the previous methods of improving the pronunciation for laryngeal cartilage injury and patients whose larynxes have been cut off, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. On the basis of the studies on the artificial auricle scaffold, artificial spinal cord scaffold in our center, this paper puts forward a larynx injury repair methods with a personalized tissue engineering artificial larynx, namely taking the advantages of biological manufacturing and tissue engineering related technology to prepare laryngeal cartilage scaffolds, and then the stem cells could be cultured into the scaffold in vitro. After more study and test, this bio-manufactured larynx scaffold could be expected as one of the ideal repair methods for the larynx injury.

Study on Calculation of Rural Residential Land Consolidation Potential at County Scale

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 2164-2167
Author(s):  
Ya Feng Zou ◽  
Yao Lin Liu ◽  
Xue Song Kong
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
Residential Land ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Rate Method ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Rural Residential Land

By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of Per capita construction land method, Vacant land rate method and Comprehensive evaluation method, rural residential land is classified into two types by using related technologies of ArcGIS according to their condition: one is minor residential area, using the whole relocation model, and the potential is calculated by per capita construction land method and modified by farmers’ willingness; the other is central village, using the internal reconstruction model, and the potential is calculated by vacant land rate method. The sum of the two types is the total potential. And take Pingnan county for example, the realistic feasibility of the several methods used to calculate the potential of rural residential land is comparatively analyzed.

Research on Grading Standard of the Project Quality Management System under Comprehensive Evaluation Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 2332-2337
Author(s):  
Hong Ke ◽  
Lu Yue ◽  
Zhi Ping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Construction Quality ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bid Price

There are two kinds of bid evaluation methods in China, which are the lowest bid price method and the comprehensive evaluation method. They have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they can’t replace each other. Especially, the applicable scope of comprehensive evaluation method is wide. Quantifying the technical bid and commercial bid weighted, calculating for each bid comprehensive evaluating price or comprehensive evaluation points, and then selecting a high comprehensive quality unit. The paper aims at the particularity of comprehensive evaluation method. Then to study the content of the construction quality management system, the indicators and criteria, which guarantees the quality of the project.

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