scholarly journals Natural Gas

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (04) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Rainer Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Generator Sets

This article discusses the importance of gas turbines, centrifugal compressors and pumps, and other turbomachines in processes that bring natural gas to the end users. To be useful, the natural gas coming from a large number of small wells has to be gathered. This process requires compression of the gas in several stages, before it is processed in a gas plant, where contaminants and heavier hydrocarbons are stripped from the gas. From the gas plant, the gas is recompressed and fed into a pipeline. In all these compression processes, centrifugal gas compressors driven by industrial gas turbines or electric motors play an important role. Turbomachines are used in a variety of applications for the production of oil and associated gas. For example, gas turbine generator sets often provide electrical power for offshore platforms or remote oil and gas fields. Offshore platforms have a large electrical demand, often requiring multiple large gas turbine generator sets. Similarly, centrifugal gas compressors, driven by gas turbines or by electric motors are the benchmark products to pump gas through pipelines, anywhere in the world.

scholarly journals Hydromechanical Fuel Control for Portable Gas Turbine Generator Sets

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Generator Sets

Controls for small lightweight gas turbines present some unique design problems. The requirements for small size, light weight, ability to rotate at high speeds to save reduction gearing, and low production cost conflict with the requirements for reasonably accurate control of very small fuel flows and the scheduling of a wide range of hydrocarbon fuels over a wide range of ambient temperatures. This paper discusses in some detail the design of such a control and the satisfactory results obtained.

scholarly journals Waste Heat Recovery for Offshore Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Pierobon ◽  
Rambabu Kandepu ◽  
Fredrik Haglind
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycles ◽  
Heat Loads

With increasing incentives for reducing the CO2 emissions offshore, optimization of energy usage on offshore platforms has become a focus area. Most of offshore oil and gas platforms use gas turbines to support the electrical demand on the platform. It is common to operate a gas turbine mostly under part-load conditions most of the time in order to accommodate any short term peak loads. Gas turbines with flexibility with respect to fuel type, resulting in low turbine inlet and exhaust gas temperatures, are often employed. The typical gas turbine efficiency for an offshore application might vary in the range 20–30%. There are several technologies available for onshore gas turbines (and low/medium heat sources) to convert the waste heat into electricity. For offshore applications it is not economical and practical to have a steam bottoming cycle to increase the efficiency of electricity production, due to low gas turbine outlet temperature, space and weight restrictions and the need for make-up water. A more promising option for use offshore is organic Rankine cycles (ORC). Moreover, several oil and gas platforms are equipped with waste heat recovery units to recover a part of the thermal energy in the gas turbine off-gas using heat exchangers, and the recovered thermal energy acts as heat source for some of the heat loads on the platform. The amount of the recovered thermal energy depends on the heat loads and thus the full potential of waste heat recovery units may not be utilized. In present paper, a review of the technologies available for waste heat recovery offshore is made. Further, the challenges of implementing these technologies on offshore platforms are discussed from a practical point of view. Performance estimations are made for a number of combined cycles consisting of a gas turbine typically used offshore and organic Rankine cycles employing different working fluids; an optimal media is then suggested based on efficiency, weight and space considerations. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research within the field of waste heat recovery for offshore applications.

Efficient Smoke Suppressant Reduces the Particulate Matter Emissions of Crude Oil Fired Gas Turbines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Vierling ◽  
Michel Moliere ◽  
Paul Glaser ◽  
Richard Denolle ◽  
Sathya Nayani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Score Card ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Abstract Gas turbines are often the master pieces of the utilities that power Oil and Gas (O&G) installations as they most often operate in off-grid mode and must reliably deliver the electric power and the steam streams required by all the Exploration/Production (EP) or refining processes. In addition to reliability, fuel flexibility is an important score card of gas turbines since they must permanently accommodate the type of fuel which is available on the particular O&G site. For instance, during the operation of an associated gas field, crude oil comes out from the well heads as the gas reserves are declining or depleted. The utility gas turbine must then be capable to successively burn natural gas and crude oil and often to co-fire both fuels. An important feature of crude oils is that their combustion tends to emit significantly more particulate matter (PM) than do distillate oil and natural gas as they contain some heavier hydrocarbon ends. Taking account of the fact that some alternative liquid fuels emit more particulates matter (PM) than distillate oils, GE has investigated a class of soot suppressant additives that have been previously tested on light distillate oil (No 2 DO). As a continuation of this development, these products have been field-tested at an important refining site where several Frame 6B gas turbines have been converted from natural gas to crude oil with some units running in cofiring mode. This field test showed that proper injections of these fuel additives, at quite moderate concentration levels, enable a substantial abatement of the PM emissions and reduction of flue gas opacity. This paper outlines the main outcomes of this field campaign and consolidates the overall results obtained with this smoke suppression technology.

Case Study of a Gas Turbine Chronic Failure at Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah N. AlKhudhayr ◽  
Abdulrahman M. AlAdel
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Major Overhaul ◽  
Gas Industry

Abstract A gas turbine is a reliable type of rotating equipment, utilized in various applications. It is well known in power generation and aviation. In the oil and gas industry, gas turbines are utilized in locations with limited electrical power or a high power driven load requirement, such as offshore or a high-rated power 20MW compressor. Five gas turbines are used as mechanical drive equipment. After a few years of operation, the gas turbines were experiencing high operating temperatures in bearings, turbine compartments, high spread temperature, and the presence of smoke in the exhaust. During a major overhaul of the turbines, oil was found to have accumulated internally in the wrapper casing, along with damage to several internal combustion components. In one case, the exhaust casing experienced severe damage with deformation. This paper presents a case study of a gas turbine failure and its contributors. The paper explains the mitigated solution to overcome the challenges related to the gas turbine operation, maintenance, and machine design.

Gas Turbine Fouling: The Influence of Climate and Part-Load Operating Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Aldi ◽  
Nicola Casari ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Michele Pinelli ◽  
Pier Ruggero Spina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Part Load

Abstract Energy and climate change policies associated with the continuous increase in natural gas costs pushed governments to invest in renewable energy and alternative fuels. In this perspective, the idea to convert gas turbines from natural gas to syngas from biomass gasification could be a suitable choice. Biogas is a valid alternative to natural gas because of its low costs, high availability and low environmental impact. Syngas is produced with the gasification of plant and animal wastes and then burnt in gas turbine combustor. Although synfuels are cleaned and filtered before entering the turbine combustor, impurities are not completely removed. Therefore, the high temperature reached in the turbine nozzle can lead to the deposition of contaminants onto internal surfaces. This phenomenon leads to the degradation of the hot parts of the gas turbine and consequently to the loss of performance. The amount of the deposited particles depends on mass flow rate, composition and ash content of the fuel and on turbine inlet temperature (TIT). Furthermore, compressor fouling plays a major role in the degradation of the gas turbine. In fact, particles that pass through the inlet filters, enter the compressor and could deposit on the airfoil. In this paper, the comparison between five (5) heavy-duty gas turbines is presented. The five machines cover an electrical power range from 1 MW to 10 MW. Every model has been simulated in six different climate zones and with four different synfuels. The combination of turbine fouling, compressor fouling, and environmental conditions is presented to show how these parameters can affect the performance and degradation of the machines. The results related to environmental influence are shown quantitatively, while those connected to turbine and compressor fouling are reported in a more qualitative manner. Particular attention is given also to part-load conditions. The power units are simulated in two different operating conditions: 100 % and 80 % of power rate. The influence of this variation on the intensity of fouling is also reported.

scholarly journals Gas Turbines - Major Greenhouse Gas Inhibitors

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Combined Cycle

This article explains how combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants can help in reducing greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. In the last 25 years, the development and deployment of CCGT power plants represent a technology breakthrough in efficient energy conversion, and in the reduction of greenhouse gas production. Existing gas turbine CCGT technology can provide a reliable, on-demand electrical power at a reasonable cost along with a minimum of greenhouse gas production. Natural gas, composed mostly of methane, is a hydrocarbon fuel used by CCGT power plants. Methane has the highest heating value per unit mass of any of the hydrocarbon fuels. It is the most environmentally benign of fuels, with impurities such as sulfur removed before it enters the pipeline. If a significant portion of coal-fired Rankine cycle plants are replaced by the latest natural gas-fired CCGT power plants, anthropogenic carbon dioxide released into the earth’s atmosphere would be greatly reduced.

Power and Thermal Efficiency Study of Offshore Gas Turbines under Various Ambient Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Tahan Bouriaabadi ◽  
Mohd Amin bin Abd Majid ◽  
Mohd Amin Abd Majid ◽  
Masdi Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Wide Range

Gas turbines offer a reduced weight and compact solution for installation on offshore platforms and floating facilities. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of various parameters on offshore gas turbines performance. Operating measurements of a 23MW gas turbine installed at an offshore oil and gas plant in east of Peninsular Malaysia was used for model verification and evaluation. The results showed that the gas turbine performance improvements involve the study of a wide range of different parameters including ambient temperature, compression ratio, fuel-air ratio and operating load. These achieved relations will help in appropriate assessment of offshore gas turbines thermal efficiency.

Managing Reliability Improvement in the U.S. Navy’s Marine Gas Turbine Generator Sets

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Russom ◽  
Keith Mummaw ◽  
Ivan Pineiro
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Reliability Improvement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Generator Sets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Gas Turbine Generator Sets (GTGs) provide electrical power for the U.S. Navy’s DDG-51 Class ships. These GTGs, packaged by Rolls Royce and powered by the Rolls Royce 501-K34, have been the subject of substantial, well-documented improvement efforts. This paper discusses the processes used to evaluate reliability and identify problematic components. It describes corrective actions that have been made to date and lays out a plan for the future. It goes on to discuss the impact that each improvement has made to GTG reliability and life cycle costs while attempting to project future impact.

Model-Based Thermodynamic Analysis of a Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbine With External Exhaust Gas Recirculation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bexten ◽  
Sophia Jörg ◽  
Nils Petersen ◽  
Manfred Wirsum ◽  
Pei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Model Based

Abstract Climate science shows that the limitation of global warming requires a rapid transition towards net-zero emissions of green house gases (GHG) on a global scale. Expanding renewable power generation in a significant way is seen as an imperative measure within this transition. To compensate for the inherent volatility of wind- and solar-based power generation, flexible and dispatchable power generation technologies such as gas turbines are required. If operated with CO2-neutral fuels such as hydrogen or in combination with carbon capture plants, a GHG-neutral gas turbine operation could be achieved. An effective leverage to enhance carbon capture efficiency and a possible measure to safely burn hydrogen in gas turbines is the partial external recirculation of exhaust gas. By means of a model-based analysis of an industrial gas turbine, the present study initially assesses the thermodynamic impact caused by a fuel switch from natural gas to hydrogen. Although positive trends such as increasing net electrical power output and thermal efficiency can be observed, the overall effect on the gas turbine process is only minor. In a following step, the partial external recirculation of exhaust gas is evaluated and compared both for the combustion of natural gas and hydrogen, regardless of potential combustor design challenges. The influence of altering working fluid properties throughout the whole gas turbine process is thermodynamically evaluated for ambient temperature recirculation and recirculation at an elevated temperature. A reduction in thermal efficiency can be observed as well as non-negligible changes of relevant process variables. These changes are are more distinctive at a higher recirculation temperature.

scholarly journals Application of Gas Turbines on Floater Vessel for Power Generation Service

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Waldhelm
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Floating Platform ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Generator Sets

Application of gas turbines for power generation services aboard special classed floater vessels for mobile oil and gas exploration platforms has been demonstrated and certified by classification societies. A floating platform, designed by Kerr McGee UK PLC, in operation in the North Sea on purpose-built vessel, Tentech 850, has incorporated a pair of Mars T-12,000 gas turbine generator sets designed and supplied by Solar Turbines. The system has been registration classed and certified by Det Norske Veritas in mid 1993 for all of the power generating services required for extended oil extraction and pre-production processing, as well as, auxiliary electric power required for operations. This paper presents the selection and certification process required for this application and an update of the operating experience during the first years of operation.

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