The Experimental Results Analysis of Shortwave Channel Reciprocity

2013 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Hua Ping Lu ◽  
Ai Min Zhu ◽  
Ding Jun Hu ◽  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Doppler Shift ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Scattering Function ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Channel Simulation ◽  
Frequency Selection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shortwave Propagation ◽  
Channel Reciprocity

The shortwave channel reciprocity is important for shortwave channel simulation and shortwave real-time frequency-selection. In order to study the reciprocity of shortwave channel. This paper analyzed experimental results on shortwave reciprocity between Wuhan and Wanning in March 2009, the experimental results obtained by the WIOBSS. The experimental results of the contrary paths shortwave propagation displays that the mean difference value of MUF is small, and the scattering function and Doppler shift are similarsim. Removing the inaccuracy of measurement, we can get that the two propagation paths basically satisfy the reciprocity.

scholarly journals An improved transmitter system to accurately measure wet-bulb temperature of air

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1002-1007
Author(s):  
Liangwen Yan ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
Sijung Hu ◽  
Qiu Gao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Iteration Algorithm ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Agreement

A cost-effective measurement of wet-bulb temperature of air has great benefits to fulfill a growing demand of industry, cultivation agriculture, and medication. Applying an appropriate algorithm to wet-bulb temperature of air measurement can effectively improve the accuracy and speed of its measurement. The study aims to research how an improved transmitter system along with the latent heat–based iteration algorithm is used to precisely measure wet-bulb temperature of air. The work consists of (1) simulation of the iteration algorithm and (2) validation via experimental protocol. The simulation results through latent heat–based iteration algorithm were in good agreement ( R2≥ 0.99) with the reference. The performance of the improved wet-bulb temperature of air transmitter system was tested by a latent heat–based iteration algorithm experimental setup. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved wet-bulb temperature of air in a good consistency with commercial wet-bulb temperature of air in a range of temperature (15°C–34°C) and relative humidity (28.8%–76.2%). The Bland–Altman plot also shows that the mean value and the standard deviation of the differences between these two systems are 0.14°C and 0.29°C, respectively, which indicates that the improved wet-bulb temperature of air has a good agreement as well. Compared with the commercial wet-bulb temperature of air transmitter system, an advanced processor (STM32F103C8T6) and real-time operating system was applied in the improved wet-bulb temperature of air transmitter system. The experimental results show that its measurement accuracy is closer to the previous study. This study provides an alternative and cost-effective solution to accurately and real-time measure wet-bulb temperature of air.

scholarly journals Anti-Attack Scheme for Edge Devices Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Hui Xia ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Ruo-bing Jiang ◽  
Xiang-guo Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Current Sample ◽  
Traditional Industry ◽  
Zero Sum

Internet of Things realizes the leap from traditional industry to intelligent industry. However, it makes edge devices more vulnerable to attackers during processing perceptual data in real time. To solve the above problem, we use the zero-sum game to build the interactions between attackers and edge devices and propose an antiattack scheme based on deep reinforcement learning. Firstly, we make the k NN-DTW algorithm to find a sample that is similar to the current sample and use the weighted moving mean method to calculate the mean and the variance of the samples. Secondly, to solve the overestimation problem, we develop an optimal strategy algorithm to find the optimal strategy of the edge devices. Experimental results prove that the new scheme improves the payoff of attacked edge devices and decreases the payoff of attackers, thus forcing the attackers to give up the attack.

scholarly journals The Development of FPGA-based Wireless Channel Simulator using LabVIEW

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Aswani Mamat ◽  
Razali Ngah ◽  
Uche A.K Chude Okonkwo ◽  
Muhamad Asmi Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Doppler Shift ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Channel Simulation ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Channel Simulator

The development of channel model for wireless communication system is currently becoming important to fulfill the entire user’s requirements and increasing demand where to provide a good communication link between the users at everywhere and anytime. An accurate techniques or operator is needed to model a very flexible channel for wireless communication application. Previous channel model is developed based on the time-frequency operator which is limited to Narrowband signaling. This operator uses Doppler shift to account for mobility in propagation space. This paper proposes a Wideband channel model which is valid for all kind of signaling and conditions. Mathematical channel model is used to represent a generic channel simulator which is implemented as channel simulator. The development and measurement of channel simulator is using LabVIEW. The LabVIEW can be used as basic software and can be turned into hardware part by connecting to other devices for real-time channel simulation. The illustration and snapshot of the channel simulator modeling in term of LabVIEW code program are presented.

scholarly journals Real-Time QoE Monitoring System for Video Streaming Services with Adaptive Media Playout

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingfu Li ◽  
Chien-Lin Yeh ◽  
Shao-Yu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Video Streaming ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Media Player ◽  
Opinion Score ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
The Mean

Quality of Experience (QoE) of video streaming services has been attracting more and more attention recently. Therefore, in this work we designed and implemented a real-time QoE monitoring system for streaming services with Adaptive Media Playout (AMP), which was implemented into the VideoLAN Client (VLC) media player to dynamically adjust the playout rate of videos according to the buffer fullness of the client buffer. The QoE monitoring system reports the QoE of streaming services in real time so that network/content providers can monitor the qualities of their services and resolve troubles immediately whenever their subscribers encounter them. Several experiments including wired and wireless streaming were conducted to show the effectiveness of the implemented AMP and QoE monitoring system. Experimental results demonstrate that AMP significantly improves the QoE of streaming services according to the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) estimated by our developed program. Additionally, some challenging issues in wireless streaming have been easily identified using the developed QoE monitoring system.

scholarly journals Experimental Results on Scattering by Irregular and Meteoritic Dust Particles Related to Photopolarimetry of Zodiacal Light and Comets

1985 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
K. Weiss-Wrana ◽  
R.H. Giese ◽  
R.H. Zerull
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Dust Grains ◽  
Scattering Function ◽  
Negative Polarization ◽  
Zodiacal Light ◽  
Cometary Dust ◽  
Characteristic Features

AbstractThe investigations of light scattering by larger meteoritic and terrestrial single grains (size range 20 μm to 120 μm ) demonstrate that the scattering properties of irregularly shaped dark opaque particles with very rough surfaces resemble the characteristic features of the empirical scattering function as derived from measurements of the zodiacal light. Purely transparent or translucent irregularly shaped particles show a quite different scattering behaviour. Furthermore irregular and multicomponent fluffy particles in the size range of a few microns were modelled by microwave analog measurements in order to explain positive and negative polarization of the light scattered by cometary dust grains.

scholarly journals Electrical stimulator with mechanomyography-based real-time monitoring, muscle fatigue detection, and safety shut-off: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-468
Author(s):  
Jannatul Naeem ◽  
Nur Azah Hamzaid ◽  
Amelia Wong Azman ◽  
Manfred Bijak
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrical Stimulator ◽  
Fatigue Detection

AbstractFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used to produce force-related activities on the paralyzed muscle among spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals. Early muscle fatigue is an issue in all FES applications. If not properly monitored, overstimulation can occur, which can lead to muscle damage. A real-time mechanomyography (MMG)-based FES system was implemented on the quadriceps muscles of three individuals with SCI to generate an isometric force on both legs. Three threshold drop levels of MMG-root mean square (MMG-RMS) feature (thr50, thr60, and thr70; representing 50%, 60%, and 70% drop from initial MMG-RMS values, respectively) were used to terminate the stimulation session. The mean stimulation time increased when the MMG-RMS drop threshold increased (thr50: 22.7 s, thr60: 25.7 s, and thr70: 27.3 s), indicating longer sessions when lower performance drop was allowed. Moreover, at thr70, the torque dropped below 50% from the initial value in 14 trials, more than at thr50 and thr60. This is a clear indication of muscle fatigue detection using the MMG-RMS value. The stimulation time at thr70 was significantly longer (p = 0.013) than that at thr50. The results demonstrated that a real-time MMG-based FES monitoring system has the potential to prevent the onset of critical muscle fatigue in individuals with SCI in prolonged FES sessions.

scholarly journals OFCOD: On the Fly Clustering Based Outlier Detection Framework

Data ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elmogy ◽  
Hamada Rizk ◽  
Amany M. Sarhan
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Outlier Detection ◽  
Real World ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
Real World Datasets

In data mining, outlier detection is a major challenge as it has an important role in many applications such as medical data, image processing, fraud detection, intrusion detection, and so forth. An extensive variety of clustering based approaches have been developed to detect outliers. However they are by nature time consuming which restrict their utilization with real-time applications. Furthermore, outlier detection requests are handled one at a time, which means that each request is initiated individually with a particular set of parameters. In this paper, the first clustering based outlier detection framework, (On the Fly Clustering Based Outlier Detection (OFCOD)) is presented. OFCOD enables analysts to effectively find out outliers on time with request even within huge datasets. The proposed framework has been tested and evaluated using two real world datasets with different features and applications; one with 699 records, and another with five millions records. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed framework outperforms other existing approaches while considering several evaluation metrics.

scholarly journals Feasibility study of real-time online text-based CBT to support self-management for people with type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes On-line Therapy (DOT) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001934
Author(s):  
Anne M Doherty ◽  
Anne Herrmann-Werner ◽  
Arann Rowe ◽  
Jennie Brown ◽  
Scott Weich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distress Scale

IntroductionThis study examines the feasibility of conducting diabetes-focused cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) via a secure online real-time instant messaging system intervention to support self-management and improve glycemic control in people with type 1 diabetes.Research design and methodsWe used a pre–post uncontrolled intervention design over 12 months. We recruited adults with type 1 diabetes and suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c ≥69 mmol/mol (DCCT 8.5%) for 12 months) across four hospitals in London. The intervention comprised 10 sessions of diabetes-focused CBT delivered by diabetes specialist nurses. The primary outcomes were number of eligible patients, rates of recruitment and follow-up, number of sessions completed and SD of the main outcome measure, change in HbA1c over 12 months. We measured the feasibility of collecting secondary outcomes, that is, depression measured using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), anxiety measured Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS).ResultsWe screened 3177 patients, of whom 638 were potentially eligible, from whom 71 (11.1%) were recruited. The mean age was 28.1 (13.1) years, and the mean HbA1c was 84.6 mmol/mol (17.8), DCCT 9.9%. Forty-six (65%) patients had at least 1 session and 29 (41%) completed all sessions. There was a significant reduction in HbA1c over 12 months (mean difference −6.2 (2.3) mmol/mol, DCCT 0.6%, p=0.038). The change scores in PHQ-9, GAD and DDS also improved.ConclusionsIt would be feasible to conduct a full-scale text-based synchronized real-time diabetes-focused CBT as an efficacy randomized controlled trial.

scholarly journals Contour Detection for Fibre of Preserved Szechuan Pickle Based on Dilated Convolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Li ◽  
Lizhuang Liu ◽  
Zhenqi Han ◽  
Dan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Edge Detection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Contour Detection ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Dilated Convolution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Art Performance

Peeling fibre is an indispensable process in the production of preserved Szechuan pickle, the accuracy of which can significantly influence the quality of the products, and thus the contour method of fibre detection, as a core algorithm of the automatic peeling device, is studied. The fibre contour is a kind of non-salient contour, characterized by big intra-class differences and small inter-class differences, meaning that the feature of the contour is not discriminative. The method called dilated-holistically-nested edge detection (Dilated-HED) is proposed to detect the fibre contour, which is built based on the HED network and dilated convolution. The experimental results for our dataset show that the Pixel Accuracy (PA) is 99.52% and the Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) is 49.99%, achieving state-of-the-art performance.

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