Study of Electrochemical Behavior of the Transmission Tower Galvanized Layer in Simulated Acid Rain Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1042-1045
Author(s):  
Hua Ling Deng ◽  
Qi Lei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Layer Surface ◽  
Transmission Tower

Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization curve and X-ray diffraction technique, electrochemical behavior of the transmission tower material Q460 galvanized layer was studied in simulated acid rain solution. The results show that: galvanized layers take place local corrosion in simulated acid rain solution, the corrosion products will fill the hole, and cover on galvanized layer surface, the generated white corrosion products mainly ZnSO4 ·H2O.The current generate in the process of corrosion, galvanized layer surface take place electrochemical corrosion. Galvanized layer solution at pH 2.4 and 3.8 of the simulated acid rain in the corrosion process is controlled by the charge transfer process, with the decrease of solution pH value, the corrosion rate increases. Zinc are more sensitive to H+ in the solution, in low pH value of solution, due to the strong hydrogen precipitation process, the zinc surface adsorption of hydrogen bubble around, its dissolution rate is higher than the surface of the other part of the zinc, namely in low pH value of acid rain solution, H+ by depolarization process not only directly accelerate the corrosion of zinc, can through the strong hydrogen evolution process at the same time accelerate the dissolution of zinc.

Acid Rain Attack on Portland Cementitious Materials in China: Deterioration Process and Corrosion Products

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Meng Cheng Chen ◽  
Li Xie
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Corrosion Layer ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Alumina Gel ◽  
Deterioration Process

A research program was undertaken to discover the corrosion mechanism of portland cementitious materials to acid rain attack in China. The deterioration process and corrosion products of hardened ordinary portland cement pastes in pH 2 simulated acid rain solution were analyzed by XRD and BSE. The results indicate that the destruction of hardened portland cementitious materials by acid rain attack in China is predominantly due to the coordinated effect of H+ and SO42- of acid rain solution, and gradually occurs from the surface to the interior of materials. The corrosion products are mainly a white mushy mixture consisting of silica gel (SiO2•nH2O), alumina gel (Al2O3•nH2O) and dihydrate gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) crystal. During the process of acid rain attack, the deteriorated specimen can be divided into corrosion layer, affected layer and unaffected layer.

Use of Salvia hispanica as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for bronze in acid rain

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Larios-Galvez ◽  
J. Porcayo-Calderon ◽  
V.M. Salinas-Bravo ◽  
J.G. Chacon-Nava ◽  
Jose Gonzalo Gonzalez-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Green Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
New Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this research paper was to investigate the use of methanolic extract of Salvia hispanica (S. hispanica) as a green corrosion inhibitor for bronze in a simulated acid rain solution. Design/methodology/approach Extract of S. hispanica was used as a green corrosion inhibitor for bronze in simulated acid rain solution. Electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical noise were used. Parameters such as polarization, charge transfer and noise resistance (Rp, Rct and Rn, respectively) were calculated. Findings Results showed that the extract acts as a good, anodic type of inhibitor. The inhibitor efficiency increased with increasing its concentration up to 400 ppm, decreasing beyond this concentration. Efficiency also increased with an increase in the immersion time. The inhibition was due to the adsorption of components found in the S. hispanica extract following a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Practical implications S. hispanica extract can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for bronze in acid rain solution. Originality/value This study provides new information on the inhibition features of S. hispanica under specific conditions. This eco-friendly inhibitor could find applications to protect bronze exposed to polluted urban atmospheres.

scholarly journals Low pH in simulated acid rain promotes the toxicity of copper on the physiological performance in Sargassum horneri

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-861
Author(s):  
Z.H. ZHONG ◽  
S. QIN ◽  
Y. WANG ◽  
C. MA ◽  
Z.Y. LIU
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Sargassum Horneri ◽  
Physiological Performance

scholarly journals Mechanical Behavior and Constitutive Model for Loess Samples under Simulated Acid Rain Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
xia ye ◽  
Enlong Liu ◽  
Baofeng Di ◽  
yayang yu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hardening Model ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Peak Value

Abstract In this paper, the sulfuric acid solution is diluted to pH 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0 to simulate the acid rain condition, and the triaxial compressional tests and scanning electron microscope are carried out to study the mechanical properties and evolution of the microstructure of the saturated loess samples. The results demonstrate that acid rain increases the porosity of loess samples, and the pore distribution is not uniform, so that the mechanical properties of loess samples change. With the decrease of pH value, the peak value of the deviatoric stress and the volumetric contraction of loess samples decreases, which causes the strength of soil to decrease. Furthermore, the framework of the chemical-mechanical model for loess under the action of acid rain is established, in which the loess is considered as porous medium material, and the variable of acid rain at different pH values through the degree of chemical reaction is taken into account in the double-hardening model, and the model is also verified by the triaxial test results finally.

scholarly journals Investigation of Protective Performance of a Mg-Rich Primer Containing Aluminum Tri-Polyphosphate on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy in Simulated Acid Rain

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Lu ◽  
Sichen Sun ◽  
Qiqi Fan ◽  
Xiangjun Pei ◽  
Yuchao Dun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Az91d Alloy ◽  
Testing Environment ◽  
Protective Performance

Mg-rich primer (MRP) containing aluminum tri-polyphosphate functions via a galvanic mechanism to protect AZ91D alloy from corrosion in the 3 wt % NaCl solution. However, its protective performance can be strongly affected by the testing environment. Therefore, it is important to investigate the performance of the primer on magnesium alloys in an acid rain environment. In the present study, the protective performance of MRP with or without aluminum tri-polyphosphate was investigated via open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in the simulated acid rain. Compared to the primer without aluminum tri-polyphosphate, the MRP containing aluminum tri-polyphosphate pigments exhibited better protective performance in the simulated acid rain condition. In the initial stage, the acidic condition prompted the aluminum tri-polyphosphate pigments to release phosphates and H+ to form magnesium phosphates on Mg particles, retarding their consumption rate. The Mg-rich primer with aluminum tri-polyphosphate can provide cathodic protection to AZ91D alloy for about 49 days in the simulated acid rain solution. Simultaneously, the corrosion products of Mg particles, magnesium oxides and phosphates, precipitated on the Mg particles and improved the stability of the primer. In addition, a protective film, consisting of magnesium oxides and phosphates, formed on the AZ91D substrate. Consequently, all these factors contributed to the long cathodic protection and improved corrosion resistance of MRP containing aluminum tri-polyphosphate in the simulated acid rain.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior of Extruded AM60-AlN Metal Matrix Nanocomposite and AM60 Alloy Exposed to Simulated Acid Rain Environment

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Luis Chávez ◽  
Lucien Veleva ◽  
Sebastián Feliu ◽  
Danai Giannopoulou ◽  
Hajo Dieringa
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Metal Matrix Nanocomposite ◽  
Matrix Nanocomposite

The present work compared the initial stages of corrosion process development on the AM60-AlN metal matrix nanocomposite surface and on AM60, during their exposure for 30 days to simulated acid rain solution (SAR). The AlN nanoparticles were observed as “attached” to those of Mn-rich AlMn intermetallic particles, forming clusters. The introduction of 1.0 wt.% AlN (≈ 80 nm) in the AM60 alloy carried a slight grain refinement and favored the formation of a denser and more protective corrosion layer, suggested by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) values of higher charge transfer resistance (R2) and capacitance, characteristic of the double layer in the presence of corrosion products, and also suggested by Rn (EN) values, compared to those of the AM60 alloy. Thus, the concentration of the released Mg-ions from the composite surface was lower. Due to the increase in time of the SAR solution pH, Al de-alloying may occur, as well as Al(OH)3 formation, as confirmed by XPS analysis. Due to the presence of Cl-ions in SAR solution, localized corrosion was observed, suggested as fractional Gaussian noise of a stationary and persistent process in time, according to the PSD of the corrosion current fluctuations (EN).

scholarly journals Metal extraction from Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. lichen using low pH solutions

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cuculovic ◽  
Mirjana Pavlovic ◽  
Dragan Veselinovic ◽  
Scepan Miljanic
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Extraction Of Metals

Extraction of metals (K, Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Ba, Zn, Mn and Sr) from dry Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. lichen was performed using solutions similar to acid rain (solution A H2SO4-HNO3-(NH4)2SO4 and solution B H2SO4- -HNO3-(NH4)2SO4-NH4NO3). The pH values of these solutions were 2.00, 2.58, 2.87, 3.28, and 3.75. Five consecutive extractions were performed with each solution. In all solutions, the extracted metal content, except Cu and Ca, was the highest in the first extract. The highest percentage of the metals desorbed in the first extraction was obtained using solutions with low pH values, 2.00, 2.58, and 2.87. The lowest percentage in the first extraction was obtained using solutions with pH 3.28 and pH 3.75, indicating influence of the H+ ion on the extraction. According to the results obtained, the investigated metals form two groups. The first group includes K, Al, Ca, Mg, and Fe. They were extracted in each of the five extractions at each of the pH values. The second group includes Ba, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Sr, which were not all extracted at each pH value. The first group yielded three types of extraction curves when the logarithms of extracted metal amounts were plotted as a function of the number of successive extractions. These effects indicate that three different positions (centers) of metal ion accumulation exist in the lichen (due to sorption, complex formation, or other processes present in the tissues).

Preparation of Spherical FePO4 Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Yang ◽  
Jun Xi Zhang ◽  
Shi Ming Zhang ◽  
Li Cheng Yan ◽  
Ying Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
The Ideal

The spherical FePO4 was prepared by a novel co-precipitation process followed by spray drying method, using Fe (NO3)3•9H2O, NH4H2PO4, NH3•H2O and polyvinyl alcohol. The pH value plays a pivotal role in determining the morphology of spherical particles; the sample, obtained at pH=3, was found to have the ideal spherical particles and electrochemical property. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed the phase transition of FePO4 with calcining temperature, amorphous FePO4 can exhibit better performance than the crystalline phase. Electrochemical behavior of spherical FePO4 was studied by the charge-discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that this process is a promising method to prepare spherical FePO4cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.

scholarly journals Effect of Helichrysum italicum on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour of Iron in Simulated Acid Rain Solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Zora Pilić ◽  
Ivana Martinović ◽  
Marija Pavlinović ◽  
Gloria Zlatić
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Concentration Maximum ◽  
Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm

The aqueous extract of the Helichrysum italicum leaves (HI) is tested as a corrosion inhibitor of an iron in a simulated acid rain using potentiodynamic polarisation, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results of all electrochemical methods indicate an increase of a corrosion inhibition efficiency of the iron with the HI extract concentration. Maximum inhibition efficiency (~ 50 %) is obtained at 2.0 g L–1 HI extract. The inhibitive action is assumed to occur via an adsorption of the HI extract on the iron surface. Results indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and follows the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. According to the calculated ΔG value (~ 15 kJ mol–1), the corrosion inhibition of the iron occurs predominantly via a physisorption of the HI extract. The concentration of iron ions released into a solution, measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, is in accordance with the electrochemical results.

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