Surface Roughness Measuring Based on the Theory of Fractal Geometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 434-438
Author(s):  
Ding Gui Wu ◽  
Tie Qiang Gang ◽  
Xian Guang Fan ◽  
Jing Lin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Characteristic Length ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Fractal Characteristic ◽  
Inductance Sensor ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Conventionally several statistical roughness parameters are used for describing surface roughness. But instruments with different resolutions and scan lengths yield different results of these statistical parameters for the same surface. Due to the limitations of traditional characterizing methods, the fractal characteristic of the rough surface is studied in this paper. A surface roughness measuring instrument is redesigned based on the on theTalysurf5Μ for both hardware and software. The signal conditioning process of the inductance sensor is analyzed. The grinding samples measurements indicate that work-piece surface presents fractal characteristic, and larger roughness level Ra corresponds to larger fractal dimensionDbut smaller characteristic length scaleG. The fractal characterization of surface roughness, to some extent, overcomes the deficiencies of conventional evaluation method, and shows higher sensitivity and accuracy.

scholarly journals Surface roughness characterization of stainless steel after laser assisted machining

Mechanik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 827-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Felusiak ◽  
Martyna Wiciak-Pikuła ◽  
Tadeusz Chwalczuk ◽  
Piotr Kieruj ◽  
Paweł Twardowski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Laser Assisted Machining ◽  
Carbide Inserts ◽  
Cemented Carbide Inserts

The paper presents the analysis of the influence of laser assisted machining (LAM) on various parameters of surface roughness of stainless steel. The tests were carried out for cemented carbide inserts with varying cutting parameters. In most cases, a significant reduction in the roughness parameters was observed using LAM.

Optimization of Surface Roughness Parameters by Different Multi-Response Optimization Techniques During Electro-Discharge Machining of Titanium Alloy

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshuman Kumar Sahu ◽  
Siba Sankar Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Discharge Current ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Tool Electrode ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters ◽  
Edm Process

In this chapter, the EDM process is performed by taking titanium alloy as work piece and AlSiMg prepared by selective laser sintering (SLS) process as tool electrode along with copper and graphite. The EDM is performed by varying different process parameters like voltage (V), discharge current (Ip), duty cycle (τ), and pulse-on-time (Ton). The surface roughness parameters like Ra, Rt, and Rz are measured by the use of surface roughness measurement machine. To reduce the number of experiments, design of experiment (DOE) approach like Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array has been used. The surface properties of the EDM specimen are optimized by desirability function approach, TOPSIS and VIKOR method, and the best parametric setting is reported for the EDM process. All the optimization techniques convergence to the same optimal parametric setting. The type of tool is the most significant parameter followed by discharge current and voltage. Better surface finish of EDM specimen is produced with lower level of parametric setting along with the use of AlSiMg RP electrode during EDM.

Research on the Surface Roughness Parameters of Micro-EDM

2013 ◽  
Vol 572 ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Jie Chen ◽  
Ji Hong Shen ◽  
Yun Tao Dai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Micro Edm ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters ◽  
Evaluation Problem ◽  
Lubrication Characteristics ◽  
Morphology Characteristics

The surface topography errors of micro-EDM are mainly composed of surface roughness, surface waveness and so on. Research shows that the surface morphology provides a lot of useful information, which has serious influence on the friction and lubrication characteristics of the surface. However, for the micro-EDM surface topography evaluation problem, researchers have been using surface roughness parameters and evaluation method of mechanical process, which restrict the micro-EDM technology further development. On this account, the surface roughness parameters of micro-EDM have been deeply studied in this paper according to its technology characteristics and the surface morphology characteristics, therefore, the main researches and creative points are obtained, which the influence that the surface roughness of micro-EDM parts impact on their using performance is analyzed, and based on the surface morphology characteristics, some roughness evaluation parameters are given respectively according to peaks and valley, moreover, their numerical calculation are also gained.

Comparative Analysis of the Surface Roughness Parameters due to the Machining Uniformity

2016 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Golabczak ◽  
Andrzej Konstantynowicz ◽  
Marcin Golabczak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Data Organization ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Surface Machining ◽  
3D Profile

In the paper a new method has been proposed for the determining of the very fine machining uniformity over the elaborated surface and could be applied to different machined materials and machining procedures. The proposed methodology is relatively simple and is essentially formulated in the few subsequent steps: taking surface roughness 3D profile accordingly proposed scheme; estimation of the roughness statistical parameters: Rp, Rv, Rt, Ra, Rq, Rskew, Rkurt, and if need be – surface rugosity Ru; calculation of the centroid of the obtained data due to the measurement fields, calculation of the barycentre of the obtained data with the weighting variable chosen for the appropriate evaluation of the surface machining uniformity. As the main Cartesian coordinates of the centroid calculation we propose (Rskew, Rkurt), although other data organization schemes have also been provided as the example solutions. The final evaluation of the surface machining uniformity is based upon the Euclidean distance between the centroid and barycentre of the surface roughness data. The proposed method has been applied to experimental results obtained with the AFM technique used on samples of the polished AZ31 magnesium alloy. The surface machining procedure comprised of four stages performed with using different abrasive media, finally lead to the highest grade of the surface roughness.

Surface Roughness Characterization of ZnO: TiO2-Organic Blended Solar Cells Layers by Atomic Force Microscopy and Fractal Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ştefan Ţălu ◽  
Sebastian Stach ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Dinesh Pathak ◽  
Tomas Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

The objective of this work is to quantitatively characterize the 3D complexity of ZnO : TiO 2-organic blended solar cells layers by atomic force microscopy and fractal analysis. ZnO : TiO 2-organic blended solar cells layers were investigated by AFM in tapping-mode in air, on square areas of 25 μm2. A detailed methodology for ZnO : TiO 2-organic blended solar cells layers surface fractal characterization, which may be applied for AFM data, is presented. Detailed surface characterization of the surface topography was obtained using statistical parameters, according with ISO 25178-2: 2012. The fractal dimensions Df values (all with average ± standard deviation), obtained with morphological envelopes method, for: blend D1 ( P 3 HT : PCBM : ZnO : TiO 2 blend with ratio 1:0.35:0.175:0.175 mg in 1 ml of Chlorobenzene) is Df = 2.55 ± 0.01; and for blend D2 ( P 3 HT : PCBM : ZnO : TiO 2 blend with ratio 1:0.55:0.075:0.075 mg in 1 ml of Chlorobenzene) is Df = 2.45 ± 0.01. Denoting the ratios in 1 ml of Chlorobenzene with D1 and D2 articles. The 3D surface roughness of samples revealed a fractal structure at nanometer scale. Fractal and AFM analysis may assist manufacturers in developing ZnO : TiO 2-organic blended solar cells layers with better surface characteristics and provides different yet complementary information to that offered by traditional surface statistical parameters.

scholarly journals Nano Topography Evaluation of NiTi Alloy Exposed to Artificial Saliva and Different Mouthwashes

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Zoran Bobić ◽  
Bojan Petrović ◽  
Sanja Kojić ◽  
Vladimir Terek ◽  
Branko Škorić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Niti Alloy ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Tests

Evaluation of NiTi alloy corrosion behavior in conditions that exist in the oral cavity still remains a great characterization challenge. Such characterization is commonly simplified by avoiding the use of non-accelerated corrosion tests. Accordingly, difficulties in the characterization of material changes on a nano level are avoided, and results do not sufficiently resemble the real situation. Therefore, the motivation of this work was to perform a non-accelerated corrosion test to characterize the nano-topographic changes, and to evaluate the obtained results by statistical methods. In this study, we examined the behavior of NiTi alloy (50% Ni, 50% Ti) archwires exposed for 21 days to different corrosive mediums: artificial saliva, Eludril®, Aquafresh® and Listerine®. The corrosion was characterized by means of changes in surface topography. This was conducted by contact mode atomic force microscopy on all samples at five locations of 10 µm × 10 µm areas before and after the corrosion tests. Image analysis software was used for the analysis of topographic images and the calculation of surface roughness parameters Sa and S10z. The changes to the roughness parameters were statistically analyzed by ANOVA. Sa and S10z parameters displayed changes with a trend for all treatments. However, the confidence interval for all cases was overlapped. Statistically analyzed data revealed that all samples exposed to mouthwashes displayed significant changes in parameter S10z, while only samples exposed to Aquafresh® and Eludril® displayed significant changes in parameter Sa. On the other side, samples exposed to artificial saliva did not display significant changes in any parameter. As such, it is implied that mouthwashes have a significantly higher effect on surface topography. Differences in the confidence interval of the Sa parameter indicate that changes in roughness parameters caused by corrosion do not depend on the initial surface roughness. In this study, statistical analysis methods have been proven as a useful tool in the characterization of nano-topographic changes caused by corrosion in real conditions.

scholarly journals Optimization of Surface Roughness in Turning Operation using Al- 6063 and Effect of Dry Machining

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 4210-4215
Author(s):  
Md Jafar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Root Mean Square Roughness ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Dry Machining ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Alloy Material ◽  
Good Agreement

ALUMINIUM-6063 is a widely used alloy material in the production of aerospace, aircraft, gas turbine components. This investigation focuses on the influence of machining parameters, viz., spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate on the surface roughness obtained in Lathe operation of Al 6063 alloy. In the present study, experiments are conducted for nine different Al 6063 work piece materials to see the effect of work piece material variation in this respect. This roughness parameters, viz., Centre line average roughness, root mean square roughness. The roughness models as well as the significance of the machining parameters have been validated with analysis of variance. In addition, a good agreement between the predicted and measured surface roughness was observed. Therefore, the developed model can be effectively used to predict the surface roughness on the machining of Al6063 within 95% confidence intervals ranges of parameters studied.

scholarly journals Surface, Microstructural, and Mechanical Characterization of Prefabricated Pediatric Zirconia Crowns

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Diener ◽  
Georgrios Polychronis ◽  
Juliane Erb ◽  
Spiros Zinelis ◽  
Theodore Eliades
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Raman Analysis ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Zirconia Crowns ◽  
One Way Anova

The purpose of this study was to characterize the surface roughness, the microstructure, and mechanical properties of four prefabricated zirconia pediatric crowns. Ten prefabricated crowns from four different manufacturers (Cheng Crowns Zirconia), (EZCrowns), (NuSmile ZR), and (Zirconia Pediatric Crowns) were included in this study. The surface roughness parameters (Sa, Sq, Sz, Sc, and Sv) of all samples were studied by optical profilometry and then the microstructure was studied by Raman spectroscopy. Then, all samples were embedded in epoxy resin and after metallographic polishing, the Martens hardness (HM), indentation modulus (EIT), elastic index (ηIT), Vickers hardness (HV), and fracture toughness (KIC) were identified by the Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT). All data were statistically analyzed by a one-way ANOVA and a Tukey multiple comparison test at α = 0.05. Only the tetragonal phase of zirconia for all materials tested was identified after Raman analysis. However, statistically significant differences were found among the surface roughness parameters, HV and KIC, while no differences were allocated for HΜ, EIT, and ηΙΤ. Although the materials tested shared a similar microstructure, significant differences in surface roughness parameters HV and KIC were identified and, thus, differences in their clinical performance were anticipated.

Prediction of Surface Roughness During Dry Sliding Wear

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Basant Lal ◽  
Abhijit Dey ◽  
Mohamamd Farooq Wani
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Frictional Heating ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Profilometer

Due to the relatively low strength and poor wear resistance of unalloyed titanium and its good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Ti6Al4V has been extensively used in various type of application including aerospace, biomedical and offshore industries. The goal of this research is to enhance the surface properties of the high strength alloys are examine such as Ti6Al4V pin sliding against Al2O3disc, due to the various surfaces roughness parameters. The COF and the wear rate were found to be lower at higher applied load due to higher frictional heating leading to thermal oxidation and thereby formation of several mm thick tribo-layers on the worn surfaces. Characterization of the tribological sample was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) to ensure that the wear pattern and debris morphologies of the Ti6Al4V and alumina disks were distinct, suggesting a surface roughness value determined by 3D profilometer at various load and sliding speed of 0.01ms-1.

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