Design, Fabrication and Analysis of Advanced Polymer Based Kevlar-49 Composite Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
M. Kaliraj ◽  
P. Narayanasamy ◽  
M. Rajkumar ◽  
M. Mohammed Mohaideen ◽  
I. Neethi Manickam
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Set Up

The fatigue behavior of reinforced composites is complex and the present knowledge of fatigue study still needs extensive investigation of the micromechanical composite behavior. In fiber reinforced composites mechanical properties are highly dependent on their compositions, the matrix type as well as the volume fraction of the reinforcement and their arrangements such as random orientation and distribution, which increase the complexity in the study of fatigue damage behavior. There exist several classes of models to predict the fatigue life or the fatigue degradation of fiber reinforced composites but there exists so far no fatigue model that can be applied to a wide range of fiber reinforced composites. Thus, modifications of fatigue models are always needed in accordance with the micromechanical behavior of different fiber/matrix composites. In this paper the fatigue failure is rectified by using polymer based Kevlar composite material. The design and fabrication involves the design of polymer matrix like as fiber and resin, hardener etc. Kevlar-49 is chosen for as fabricating material to carry out this work. The fabrication set up is made by Vacuum Bag and it is demonstrated satisfactorily.

scholarly journals Fatigue Characterization Of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Composites Using Experimental And Finite Element Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1728-1732
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Composite

The objective of this study is to investigate the fatigue behavior of sisal fiber reinforced with carbon nanotubes. The hand lay-up technique is used to prepare the composite material samples. The fatigue response of pure polymer matrix, composite material which is prepared by reinforcing a sisal fiber reinforced with a polymer matrix was studied. The effectiveness of nano reinforcement of fatigue response is identified from experiments. Later, the fatigue response of sisal and nano particle reinforced sisal fiber composites (hybrid composite) is identified with irregularities by using finite element based software ANSYS. The elastic properties of sisal fiber reinforced composite and carbon nanotube reinforced composite is estimated by using the principles of Micromechanics and Macro-mechanics. The failure mechanism of polymer, conventional sisal fiber composites and nano filled sisal fiber reinforced composites are identified. The effect of the shape of the irregularities on the fatigue response is also identified from ANSYS software. From the present work, it is observed that, the reinforcement of nano reinforcement has considerable influence on the fatigue response of the resulting composite.

scholarly journals Micromechanical evaluation of failure models for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-800
Author(s):  
Azam Arefi ◽  
Frans P van der Meer ◽  
Mohammad Reza Forouzan ◽  
Mohammad Silani ◽  
Mahmoud Salimi
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Material ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Stress States

In this paper, micromechanical simulations are employed to evaluate the performance of the Tsai–Wu and Hashin failure criteria for fiber-reinforced composites, especially in stress states whose experimental reproduction is complicated. Micromechanical responses are generated using a finite element model of a representative volume element, in which only the matrix material experiences damage and the fibers are assumed to be elastic. Micromechanical simulations of basic load cases are used to calibrate macrolevel criteria. Finally, the response of the micromodel and macromodels is compared for various load combinations. Despite a good agreement between Tsai–Wu criterion predictions and micromodel results in a wide range of stress states, some stress combinations are highlighted for which the strength is not predicted accurately. Additionally, accuracy of the Hashin criterion suffers from ignoring the influence of stress in fiber direction on matrix failure.

Evaluation of mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composites filled with hollow spheres: A micromechanics approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 002199832094964
Author(s):  
Mojde Biarjemandi ◽  
Ehsan Etemadi ◽  
Mojtaba Lezgy-Nazargah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Matrix Phase ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
The Matrix

Recent researches show that the embedment of hollow spheres in the matrix phase of composite materials improves the strength of these structures against crack propagations. Rare studies are reported for calculating equivalent elastic constants of fiber reinforced composites containing hollow spheres. In this paper, the effects of hollow spheres on mechanical characteristics of fiber reinforced composite are studied for the first time. To achieve this aim, a micromechanics based finite element method is employed. Representative volume elements (RVEs) including hollow spheres with different radius, thickness and volume fraction of hollow spheres, are modeled by using 3D finite elements. The equivalent elastic constants are calculated through homogenization technique. The results are compared with available experimental works. Good agreements find between two sets of results. Also, the volume fraction, number and thickness of hollow spheres as effective parameters on mechanical properties of composite were investigated. The results show the equivalent elastic properties increase with increasing the volume fraction and number of hollow spheres and decrease with increasing the number of hollow spheres. Furthermore, the equivalent Young’s modulus in transverse directions to the fiber direction and shear modulus of the composite increase with increasing the thickness of hollow spheres. As a final result, the presence of hollow spheres in the matrix phase generally increases the equivalent elastic constants without significant changes in the weight of structures.

scholarly journals Prediction of Orthotropic Hygroscopic Swelling of Fiber-Reinforced Composites from Isotropic Swelling of Matrix Polymer

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Krauklis ◽  
Abedin Gagani ◽  
Andreas Echtermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Matrix Polymer ◽  
Hygroscopic Swelling ◽  
The Matrix

Swelling in fiber-reinforced composites is anisotropic. In this work, dealing with glass fiber epoxy composite immersed in distilled water, swelling coefficients are obtained in each direction experimentally. Swelling behaviour in the fiber direction was constrained by the non-swelling fibers and was close to null, while swelling in the transverse directions was found to occur freely—similar to the unconstrained polymer. An analytical method for predicting anisotropic swelling in composites from the swelling of the matrix polymer is reported in this work. The method has an advantage that it is simple to use in practice and requires only a swelling coefficient of the matrix polymer, elastic constants of the matrix and fibers, and a known fiber volume fraction of the composite. The method was validated using finite element analysis. Good agreement was obtained and is reported between experimental hygroscopic swelling data, analytical and numerical results for composite laminates, indicating the validity of this predictive approach.

scholarly journals Multiscale thermomechanical modeling of short fiber-reinforced composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Jia ◽  
Huiji Shi ◽  
Lei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Cyclic Hardening ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Thermomechanical Modeling

AbstractA study of the micromechanical behavior to predict the overall response of short fiber-reinforced composites under cyclic mechanical and thermal loading is presented. The instantaneous average over a “representative volume” of the material is considered. The influence of the short fiber’s aspect ratio, volume fraction, and spatial orientation has been investigated. The linear combined hardening model is used to describe the cyclic hardening effects in the case of metal matrix. A numerical procedure is used to predict the response of composites under mechanical and thermal conditions. The results of the numerical procedure have been compared to the results of three different models and to published experimental data.

Investigation of Fiber-Reinforced Modified Epoxy Resin Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 577-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Quddos ◽  
Mohammad Bilal Khan ◽  
R.N. Khan ◽  
M.K.K. Ghauri
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Polymeric Matrix ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Epoxy Resin Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Modified Epoxy

The impregnation of the fiber with a resin system, the polymeric matrix with the interface needs to be properly cured so that the dimensional stability of the matrix and the composite is ensured. A modified epoxy resin matrix was obtained with a reactive toughening agent and anhydride as a curing agent. The mechanical properties of the modified epoxy matrix and its fiber reinforced composites were investigated systematically. The polymeric matrix possessed many good properties, including high strength, high elongation at break, low viscosity, long pot life at room temperature, and good water resistance. The special attentions are given to the matrix due to its low out gassing, low water absorption and radiation resistance. In addition, the fiber-reinforced composites showed a high strength conversion ratio of the fiber and good fatigue resistance. The dynamic and static of the composite material were studied by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with EDX. The influences of processing technique such as curing and proper mixing on the mechanical and interfacial properties were determined. The results demonstrated that the modified epoxy resin matrix is very suitable for applications in products fabricated with fiber-reinforced composites.

Optical Microscopy of Fiber-Reinforced Composites

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Hayes ◽  
Luther M. Gammon
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Optical Microscopy of Fiber-Reinforced Composites discusses the tools and techniques used to examine the microstructure of engineered composites and provides insights that can help improve the quality and performance of parts made from them. It begins with a review of fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites and their unique microstructure and morphology. It then explains how to prepare and mount test samples, how to assess lighting, illumination, and contrast needs, and how to use reagents to bring out different phases and areas of interest. It also presents the results of several studies that have been conducted using optical microscopy to gain a better understanding of processing effects, toughening approaches, defects and damage mechanisms, and structural variations. The book includes more than 180 full-color images along with clear and concise explanations of what they reveal about composite materials and processing methods. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-1-61503-044-6, follow this link.

Machining parametric study on the natural fiber reinforced composites: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110637
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Mahakur ◽  
Sumit Bhowmik ◽  
Promod Kumar Patowari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Input Variables

Nowadays, the utilization of natural fiber reinforced composite has increased frequently. These natural fibers have significant features like low cost, renewable, and, more importantly, biodegradable in nature, making them to be utilized for various industrial sectors. However, the massive demand for natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRC), forces them to be machined and operated, which is required for countless areas in multiple industries like automotive, marine, aerospace and constructions. But before obtaining the final shape of any specimen, this specimen should come across numerous machining processes to get the desired shape and structure. Therefore, the present review paper focused on the various aspects during conventional and unconventional machining of the NFRC. It covers the work by exploring the influence of all input variables on the outcome produced after machining the NFRC. Various methodologies and tools are also discussed in this article for reducing the machining defects. The machining of the NFRC is found as a challenging task due to insufficient interlocking between the matrix and fibers, and minimum knowledge in machining characteristics and appropriate input parameters. Thus, this review is trying to assist the readers to grasp a basic understanding and information during the machining of the NFRC in every aspect.

scholarly journals Efficient Hydrophobic Modification of Old Newspaper and Its Application in Paper Fiber Reinforced Composites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Jin Gu ◽  
Dengyun Tu ◽  
Litao Guan ◽  
Chuanshuang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Paper Fibers

Paper fibers have gained broad attention in natural fiber reinforced composites in recent years. The specific problem in preparing paper fiber reinforced composites is that paper fibers easily become flocculent after pulverization, which increases difficulties during melt-compounding with polymer matrix and results in non-uniform dispersion of paper fibers in the matrix. In this study, old newspaper (ONP) was treated with a low dosage of gaseous methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) to solve the flocculation. The modified ONP fibers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG). Then the modified ONP fibers and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were extruded and pelletized to prepare ONP/HDPE composites via injection molding. Maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was added to enhance the interfacial bonding performance with the ultimate purpose of improving the mechanical strength of the composites. The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strength and the water absorption properties of the composite were tested. The results showed that the formation of hydrogen bonding between ONP fibers was effectively prevented after MTCS treatment due to the reduction of exposed –OH groups at the fiber surface. Excessive dosage of MTCS led to severe fiber degradation and dramatically reduced the aspect ratio of ONP fibers. Composites prepared with ONP fibers modified with 4% (v/w) MTCS showed the best mechanical properties due to reduced polarity between the fibers and the matrix, and the relatively long aspect ratio of treated ONP fibers. The composite with or without MAPE showed satisfactory water resistance properties. MTCS was proven to be a cheap and efficient way to pretreat old newspaper for preparing paper fiber reinforced composites.

Micromechanics-based analyses of short fiber-reinforced composites with functionally graded interphases

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1031-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Qi He ◽  
Hong-Liang Dai ◽  
Jian Pang ◽  
Liang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Effective Properties ◽  
Micromechanical Model ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
The Matrix

A micromechanical model for short fiber-reinforced composites (SFRCs) with functionally graded interphases and a systematic prediction scheme to determine the effective properties are presented. The matrix and the fibers are regarded to be linear elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous. Fibers are assumed to be ellipsoids coated perfectly by functionally graded interphases, which is supposed to be formed chemically or physically by the constituents near the interface. First, to analyze the grading interphase effect, layer-wise concept is followed to divide the functionally graded interphases into multi-homogeneous sub-layers. Next, to take the effect of functionally graded interphases into account, a combination of multi-inclusion method and Mori–Tanaka method is applied to predict effective elastic properties of this unidirectional SFRCs with respect to the content and aspect ratio of the inclusions. By employing coordinate transformation, spatially elastic moduli are obtained. Finally, Voigt homogenization scheme is used to obtain the overall, averaged, symmetrical elastic properties of the SFRCs. Numerical examples and analyses demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method and indicate the influences of graded interphase, orientation, and aspect ratio of inclusions as well as properties and contents of the constituents on the overall properties of SFRCs.

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