Event Probability Based Priority Filter for Efficient Event Matching

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 1672-1676
Author(s):  
Wen Hao Fan ◽  
Lei Ding ◽  
Bi Hua Tang ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Hong Guang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Memory Consumption ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Time Efficiency ◽  
Matching Algorithm ◽  
Insertion And Deletion ◽  
Filtering Rate ◽  
Red Black Tree

Event matching plays a critical role in content-based publish/subscribe system. Most traditional methods focus on existing subscriptions separation and combination. However, an event usually comes with certain probability distribution in each dimension. Thus taking both existing subscriptions and probable coming event into consideration can improve event matching time efficiency. Based on that, we put forward PF (Priority Filter), a highly efficient event matching algorithm. By building up a unified model with historical subscriptions for continuous and discrete attributes, we derive formulas to calculate each attribute’s filtering rate. Besides, in order to guarantee time efficiency both in matching, inserting, and deleting, a red-black tree regarded as a priority filter is built up on all attributes according to filtering rate. Experiments demonstrate that PF has a 30% faster speed compared to existing methods with acceptable insertion and deletion time and memory consumption.

scholarly journals Name Lookup in Named Data Networking: A Review

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-qutwani Majed ◽  
Xingwei Wang ◽  
Bo Yi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Model ◽  
Named Data Networking ◽  
Memory Consumption ◽  
Implementation Cost ◽  
Time Efficiency ◽  
Time Processing ◽  
Name Lookup ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Open Issues ◽  
Data Networking

Named data networking (NDN) is an alternative model to the current traditional IP-based Internet by improving content distribution in a network with content name. In NDN, content is sent/received based on its name rather than its address. Forwarding is still considered the bottleneck of NDN despite the effort in naming, routing, mobility, and security. NDN requires per-packet update that is preceded by a one-name lookup operation, which results in heavy time processing. The content names consume a large amount of memory, which causes the fast growth of NDN tables. To review the current solutions for NDN name lookup, this paper explores the existing NDN approaches and architectures by using a novel classification method. Furthermore, name lookup approaches were analyzed and compared in a novel manner. This survey highlighted the issues that affect name lookup performance in NDN, such as scalability, memory consumption, time efficiency, latency, and validity. We pointed out directions for future work and open issues to improve NDN name lookup in minimizing implementation cost and enhancing performance.

scholarly journals A Multilayer Iteration-Based Improved Recursive Data Flow Matching Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2074 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Yanjing Cai
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Data Flow ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Base System ◽  
Differentiated Service ◽  
Memory Consumption ◽  
Matching Algorithm ◽  
System Memory ◽  
Recursive Data

Abstract Differentiated service for packets entering the network is available through packet matching. Network security and differentiated services mean an inevitable choice for routers. Recursive data flow matching algorithm (RFC) is a high performance packet matching algorithm. However, with the increase of rule dimension and scale in the rule base, system memory consumption is unavoidable. This paper lowers memory consumption via improvement on RFC by dividing the rule base into several subsets and storing each rule in a separate subset. In addition, a variety of methods are used to streamline the RFC data structure for further improvement in algorithm speed and memory performance. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm of RFC greatly reduces the overall memory consumption of RFC, while greatly improving package matching performance.

Multiplevalued decision diagrams for multi-state system performability analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhuan Gong ◽  
Yuchang Mo
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Parallel Systems ◽  
State System ◽  
Model Generation ◽  
Decision Diagrams ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Empirical Results

: In a multi-state system, either the entire system or its components will have more than two states. Different kind of multi-state systems have been investigated, such as multi-state series-parallel systems, multi-state k-out-of-n systems and multi-state linear consecutive-k-out-of-n systems. Performability analysis is concerned with the calculation of probability distribution of different system performance levels. In this paper, multi-valued decision diagram (MDD) based approaches are discussed to conduct the performability analysis of multi-state systems. Examples are provided to illustrate the use of MDD approaches for three types of multi-state systems, e.g. multi-state seriesparallel systems, multi-state k-out-of-n systems and multi-state linear consecutive-k-out-of-n systems. The empirical results show that the MDD approaches have lower computational complexity than the traditional methods in model generation and evaluation.

Research on Optimization of SQLite Indexing Mechanism Based on Red-Black Tree

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 2711-2715
Author(s):  
Jian Wei Li ◽  
Hong Guo ◽  
Yu Bin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Operation Efficiency ◽  
Insertion And Deletion ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Indexing Mechanism ◽  
Sqlite Database ◽  
Red Black Tree

SQLite has been widely applied in embedded system because of its open source and less resource consumption. A novel optimization method with Red-black tree replacing B tree in indexing mechanism in order to solve the low efficiency and large energy consumption problem when inserting and deleting data in SQLite database was proposed in the paper. The contrast test of efficiency of between red-black tree and B tree while inserting and deleting data shows that this method can effectively improve the SQLite insertion and deletion operation efficiency and reduce the energy consumption.

Agile Coaches and Champions

2016 ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Taghi Javdani Gandomani ◽  
Mina Ziaei Nafchi
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Agile Methods ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
The People ◽  
Agile Approach

Prevalence of Agile methods in software companies is increasing dramatically. Software companies and teams need to employ these methods to overcome the inherent challenges of traditional methods in software development. However, transitioning to Agile approach is a topic of debate. This is mainly because software companies are facing with many challenges, obstacles, and hindrances when leaving traditional methods and moving to Agile methods, as shown in previous research studies. Conducting a large-scale research study showed that Agile transformation need to be supported by several facilitators and identified its most important facilitators. The main aim of this chapter is to present two hidden facilitators of Agile transition, Agile coaches and Agile champions, which rarely have been taken into consideration. Both of these facilitators directly impress the people involved in the transition. People-intensive nature of Agile methods and critical role of the people in the transition process reflect the importance of these facilitators when a software company doing its transition.

Dexamethasone Effect on Embryonic Chick Respiratory Epithelium

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
M.R. Richter ◽  
R.V. Blystone
Keyword(s):  
Lung Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Synthetic Analogs ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Avian Lung

Dexamethasone and other synthetic analogs of corticosteroids have been employed clinically as enhancers of lung development. The mechanism(s) by which this steroid induction of later lung maturation operates is not clear. This study reports the effect on lung epithelia of dexamethasone administered at different intervals during development. White Leghorn chick embryos were used so as to remove possible maternal and placental influences on the exogenously applied steroid. Avian lung architecture does vary from mammals; however, respiratory surfactant produced by the lung epithelia serves an equally critical role in avian lung physiology.

An atomic resolution study of a carbide phase in platinum

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
M.J. Witcomb ◽  
M.A. O'Keefe ◽  
CJ. Echer ◽  
C. Nelson ◽  
J.H. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Carbide Phase ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Excess Carbon ◽  
Interstitial Carbon ◽  
Resolution Study

Under normal circumstances, Pt dissolves only a very small amount of interstitial carbon in solid solution. Even so, an appropriate quench/age treatment leads to the formation of stable Pt2C {100} plate precipitates. Excess (quenched-in) vacancies play a critical role in the process by accommodating the volume and structural changes that accompany the transformation. This alloy system exhibits other interesting properties. Due to a large vacancy/carbon atom binding energy, Pt can absorb excess carbon at high temperatures in a carburizing atmosphere. In regions rich in carbon and vacancies, another carbide phase, Pt7C which undergoes an order-disorder reaction was formed. The present study of Pt carburized at 1160°C and aged at 515°C shows that other carbides in the PtxC series can be produced.

Quantitative Model-Based Image Analysis of NuMa Distribution Links Nuclear Organization with Cell Phenotype

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
David W. Knowles ◽  
Sophie A. Lelièvre ◽  
Carlos Ortiz de Solόrzano ◽  
Stephen J. Lockett ◽  
Mina J. Bissell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nuclear Organization ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Model Based

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in directing cell behaviour and morphogenesis by regulating gene expression and nuclear organization. Using non-malignant (S1) human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), it was previously shown that ECM-induced morphogenesis is accompanied by the redistribution of nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein from a diffuse pattern in proliferating cells, to a multi-focal pattern as HMECs growth arrested and completed morphogenesis . A process taking 10 to 14 days.To further investigate the link between NuMA distribution and the growth stage of HMECs, we have investigated the distribution of NuMA in non-malignant S1 cells and their malignant, T4, counter-part using a novel model-based image analysis technique. This technique, based on a multi-scale Gaussian blur analysis (Figure 1), quantifies the size of punctate features in an image. Cells were cultured in the presence and absence of a reconstituted basement membrane (rBM) and imaged in 3D using confocal microscopy, for fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies to NuMA (fαNuMA) and fluorescently labeled total DNA.

Crystal structures of Magnaporthe oryzae trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (MoTps1) suggest a model for catalytic process of Tps1

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (21) ◽  
pp. 3227-3240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Yanxiang Zhao ◽  
Long Yi ◽  
Minghe Shen ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Catalytic Process ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Salt Bridges ◽  
Terminal Domain

Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) synthase (Tps1) catalyzes the formation of T6P from UDP-glucose (UDPG) (or GDPG, etc.) and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), and structural basis of this process has not been well studied. MoTps1 (Magnaporthe oryzae Tps1) plays a critical role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, but its structural information is unknown. Here we present the crystal structures of MoTps1 apo, binary (with UDPG) and ternary (with UDPG/G6P or UDP/T6P) complexes. MoTps1 consists of two modified Rossmann-fold domains and a catalytic center in-between. Unlike Escherichia coli OtsA (EcOtsA, the Tps1 of E. coli), MoTps1 exists as a mixture of monomer, dimer, and oligomer in solution. Inter-chain salt bridges, which are not fully conserved in EcOtsA, play primary roles in MoTps1 oligomerization. Binding of UDPG by MoTps1 C-terminal domain modifies the substrate pocket of MoTps1. In the MoTps1 ternary complex structure, UDP and T6P, the products of UDPG and G6P, are detected, and substantial conformational rearrangements of N-terminal domain, including structural reshuffling (β3–β4 loop to α0 helix) and movement of a ‘shift region' towards the catalytic centre, are observed. These conformational changes render MoTps1 to a ‘closed' state compared with its ‘open' state in apo or UDPG complex structures. By solving the EcOtsA apo structure, we confirmed that similar ligand binding induced conformational changes also exist in EcOtsA, although no structural reshuffling involved. Based on our research and previous studies, we present a model for the catalytic process of Tps1. Our research provides novel information on MoTps1, Tps1 family, and structure-based antifungal drug design.

Elevated level of circulatory sTLT1 induces inflammation through SYK/MEK/ERK signalling in coronary artery disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (22) ◽  
pp. 2283-2299
Author(s):  
Apabrita Ayan Das ◽  
Devasmita Chakravarty ◽  
Debmalya Bhunia ◽  
Surajit Ghosh ◽  
Prakash C. Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract The role of inflammation in all phases of atherosclerotic process is well established and soluble TREM-like transcript 1 (sTLT1) is reported to be associated with chronic inflammation. Yet, no information is available about the involvement of sTLT1 in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Present study was undertaken to determine the pathophysiological significance of sTLT1 in atherosclerosis by employing an observational study on human subjects (n=117) followed by experiments in human macrophages and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (apoE)−/− mice. Plasma level of sTLT1 was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in clinical (2342 ± 184 pg/ml) and subclinical cases (1773 ± 118 pg/ml) than healthy controls (461 ± 57 pg/ml). Moreover, statistical analyses further indicated that sTLT1 was not only associated with common risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in both clinical and subclinical groups but also strongly correlated with disease severity. Ex vivo studies on macrophages showed that sTLT1 interacts with Fcɣ receptor I (FcɣRI) to activate spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)-mediated downstream MAP kinase signalling cascade to activate nuclear factor-κ B (NF-kB). Activation of NF-kB induces secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from macrophage cells that plays pivotal role in governing the persistence of chronic inflammation. Atherosclerotic apoE−/− mice also showed high levels of sTLT1 and TNF-α in nearly occluded aortic stage indicating the contribution of sTLT1 in inflammation. Our results clearly demonstrate that sTLT1 is clinically related to the risk factors of CAD. We also showed that binding of sTLT1 with macrophage membrane receptor, FcɣR1 initiates inflammatory signals in macrophages suggesting its critical role in thrombus development and atherosclerosis.

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