scholarly journals The Effect on Leachability and Indoor Air Quality by Incorporating Waste Material into Fired Clay Brick

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1063-1067
Author(s):  
Noor Amira Sarani ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Waste Sludge

Recently waste material pollution is a critical issue in every developing country. The factors such as increasing of growing population, daily and industrial activities will lead to these phenomena. These issues give an idea to use waste as a construction material that will give minimum impact towards the environment. Many researchers have been studied on waste material such as organic waste, sludge, fly ash, rice husk and processed waste tea into fired clay brick. In this study, the investigate on the incorporating of cigarette butts (CBs) was conducted. During this study, different percentages of CBs (0%, 2.5% and 5.0%) were added into fired clay brick. Meanwhile, different heating rates were applied during the firing stage, which are 1°C/min, 3°C/min and 5°C/min respectively. All samples were fired up to 1050°C. Leaching tests were carried out to investigate the possibility of heavy metals leached from the manufactured brick. The results demonstrated that, in terms of physical and mechanical properties, CB Brick (2.5%) at 1°C/min improved the most and leached low heavy metals. For IAQ test, CB Brick (2.5%) fired at 1°C/min is acceptable to be used as building materials since it complied with ICOP-IAQ.

Testing on Building Material Using Waste Material in Fired Clay Brick

2014 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 330-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Kadir ◽  
Noor Amira Sarani ◽  
A.M. Leman
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Cigarette Butts

Clay brick is one of the building materials that have been used in the construction field for thousand years. It has been used as a major construction material because it can tolerate with severe weathering action, flexible properties and it is easy to handle. Many researchers have been incorporated waste material such as organic waste, waste treatment sludge, fly ash, cigarette butts, rice husk and processed waste tea into fired clay brick. This application gives an idea to use waste material that will give a minimum impact to the real environment. In this study, high calorific value waste such as cigarette butts (CBs) were incorporated into fired clay brick. Different percentages of CBs (0%, 2.5% and 5.0%) were added into the raw clay brick. All samples were fired up to 1050°C with different heating rates (1°C/min, 3°C/min and 5°C/min). Properties including compressive strength, dry density, firing shrinkage and water absorption are reported and discussed. The results show that the compressive strength of fired clay brick was obtained with 2.5% CBs of fired clay brick at 1°C/min heating rate compared to others. As for the density, it was reduced with higher percentages of CBs incorporated into the raw clays. From the results, water absorption was slightly increased when CBs were incorporated into clay brick. The results suggested that heating rates at 1oC/min is adequate to achieve optimum properties.

Study of the Effect of PP and LDPE Thermoplastic Binder Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Physical Properties of Particulate Composites for Building Material Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Hosta Ardhyananta ◽  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Feisha Fadila Rifki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Water Absorbability

Plastic waste is majority an organic material that cannot easily decomposed by bacteria, so it needs to be recycled. One of the utilization of plastic waste recycling is become a mixture in the manufacture of building materials such as concrete, paving block, tiles, roof. This experiment purpose to find out the effect of addition of variation of LDPE and PP thermoplastic binder to physical and mechanical properties of LDPE/PP/Sand composite for construction material application. In this experiment are using many tests, such are SEM, FTIR, compression strength, density, water absorbability, and hardness. the result after the test are the best composition of composite PP/LDPE/sand is 70/0/30 because its have compression strength 14,2 MPa, while density value was 1.30 g/cm3, for the water absorbability is 0.073%, and for the highest hardness is 62.3 hardness of shore D. From the results obtained, composite material can be classified into construction materials for mortar application S type with average compression strength is 12.4 MPa.

Properties of Steel Mill Sludge Waste Incorporated in Fired Clay Brick

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohd Ruzaini Abd Jalil ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Hazardous Waste Landfill

Brick is one of the most common masonry units as a building material due to its properties. Many attempts have been made to incorporate different types of sludge waste into brick such as marble sludge, stone sludge, water treatment sludge, sewage sludge, desalination sludge, textile laundry sludge, ceramic sludge and steel mill sludge. SMS is waste that produced from steel manufacturing industry. This sludge is normally disposed at a hazardous waste landfill site. The objective of this study is to investigate the properties of sludge waste incorporated in fired clay brick. The characteristic of heavy metals in steel mill sludge were determined by using XRF. Characteristic of steel mill sludge shows that some of the heavy metals in steel mill sludge shows higher concentration by following this descending order Zn>Cu>Pb>Sn>Cr>Ba. Four different mixing ratios of steel mill sludge at (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) were incorporated into fired clay brick to obtain the properties and compared with control brick and standards. In this study, physical and mechanical properties such as shrinkage, density, initial rate of suction and compressive strength test were conducted in the laboratory. Through this study, the results indicate that addition of 5% steel mill sludge into bricks shows the best quality of brick with high compressive strength (16.78N/mm2) and low initial rate of suction (3.80 g/mm2). Nevertheless, the density and shrinkage for all bricks still comply with the requirement and suitable for different work applications. Furthermore, by incorporating sludge waste into fired clay brick could provide an environmental friendly way of disposal method.

Usage of Sugarcane Bagasse as an Additive in Building Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
Muhamad Azani Yahya ◽  
Mohammed Alias Yusof ◽  
Norita Ridzuan ◽  
Mohamad Yusrin Yahya ◽  
Ahmad Azizi Ab Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rapid Construction

Discovering about sustainability, construction sector should be a part of participant in utilizing waste materials for the benefits of the industry. The idea of converting waste materials into some application can contribute to sustainability and greening the earth. Apart from that, research must be done to promote the waste material into economic and useful construction material. A concept of going green must be adopted rather than just thinking of the rapid construction as the whole project aim. This paper promotes sugarcane bagasse as an additive for construction material in 3 ways which are on concrete strength improver, a concrete retarder and composite brick. The sugarcane bagasse were blended and mixed with 30MPa concrete with certain ratio and tested for compressive, flexural, water absorption and penetration. From the tests, it shows that the sugarcane bagasse gives a positive impact to concrete. Therefore, the usage of sugarcane bagasse can be considered as a concept of utilizing waste material for sustainable approach.

Utilization of Waste Glass in Polymer Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Hodul ◽  
Jana Hodná ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka ◽  
Michaela Vyhnánková
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Suitable Treatment

Glass waste is currently produced almost in all developed countries. It is the silicate based waste material which after suitable treatment has found application in many industries and therefore some types of waste glass belong to progressive secondary raw materials. However, the use of this silicate waste material which differ on the basis of an initial use of the glass in its physical and mechanical properties has not been fully explored in the field of building industry – the production of building materials. The replacement of the common filler – quartz sand in the polymer concrete (PC) could be one of the effective possibilities of the utilization of different type of waste glass in the building industry. Mainly for this reason, this work deals with the experimental examining the possibility of using various types of waste glass in the polymer concrete based on epoxy resin.

scholarly journals Thermal efficiency analysis of buildings with phase change materials.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabana M Thaha ◽  
Bennet Kuriakose ◽  
Rajesh Baby
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Simulation Process ◽  
Ceiling Height

Increasing global temperature is alarming the need for construction industry to have thermally efficient building materials. Incorporating Phase Change Materials (PCM) in buildings is widely accepted method for reduction in temperature, thereby achieving better thermal efficiency. This paper focuses on the assessment of thermal performance of PCM-incorporated building under tropical climatic condition. The simulation process was carried out using Design Builder Software and the developed building model is validated with the results available in the literature. A parametric study is also performed in order to identify the effect of different parameters like building orientation, window to wall ratio, ceiling height and construction material on the indoor air temperature. The results showed that the maximum reduction was up to 2.76°C. Keywords- Thermal Efficiency, Tropical climate, PCM

scholarly journals Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of fired-clay bricks incorporating both mineral and organic wastes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Achik ◽  
Hayat Benmoussa ◽  
Abdellah Oulmekki ◽  
M. Ijjaali ◽  
N. EL Moudden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
New Material ◽  
Materials Used

The clay brick is one of the oldest building materials, and as the use of waste in the bricks can reduce clay consummation and the environmental burden due to the accumulation of waste, the present study was chosen, the addition of mineral and organic waste to the clay brick. The added value of this work, which was carried out within the Institute of Building Materials at VGTU, is that the mixture studied is very special, because the raw materials used are: − Yellow Clay (C) from Fez which is used only in the field of pottery; − Pyrrhotite Ash (PA) which is a mineral waste produced during the manufacture of sulphuric acid from the roasting of pyrrhotite ore. This waste is stored in the open air since 1982 and until now it doesn't have any specific use; − Cedar Sawdust (S) is an organic waste regenerate by the artisanal sector from Fez. The bricks’ technological properties depended on the amount of ashes used. So, adding 5% S to the mixture (20% PA – 80% C) gives rise to a new material that is light, porous with a natural brick red colour. Most importantly, this material exhibits mechanical strength according to the standards of a terracotta brick.

Utilization of Mosaic Sludge Waste into Fired Clay Brick: Properties and Leachability

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Aeslina binti Abdul Kadir ◽  
Ahmad Shayuti Bin Abdul Rahim ◽  
Hidra Hasbee Bin Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sludge Waste

Brick is one of the most common masonry units used as building material. Due to the demand, different types of waste have been investigated to be incorporated into the bricks. Many types of sludge have been incorporated in fired clay brick for an example marble sludge, stone sludge, water sludge, sewage sludge and ceramic sludge. The utilization of these waste materials in fired clay bricks usually has positive effects on the properties such as lightweight bricks with improved shrinkage, porosity, and strength. Therefore, the objective of this study is to incorporate different percentages of mosaic sludge and investigate heavy metals leachability from the mosaic sludge brick. Heavy metals leachability was conducted by using toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). Physical and mechanical properties were also determined which are compressive strength, shrinkage, density and initial rate of suction. From the results obtained, it shows that fired clay brick with 5% of mosaic sludge obtained the best result with highest compressive strength and low initial rate of suction (18.76N/mm2 and 10.08 g/mm2) respectively. Nevertheless, all the other properties for all bricks incorporated with different percentages of mosaic sludge were also complied with the BS 3921:1985 standard. The results also demonstrated that the leachability of potential heavy metals in mosaic brick were complied with USEPA (1996) and EPAV (2005a) regulatory limit. In conclusion, mosaic sludge could be an alternative low cost material for fired clay brick as well as providing a disposal method for mosaic sludge waste.

scholarly journals Impact of Indoor Air Quality by Incorporating Agricultural Waste Into Fired Clay Brick

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Noor Amira Sarani ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Zaki Muhamad Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Standard Requirement ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

The demand for edible oil from all over the world has generated a huge amount of solid waste. Due to that, the problem of disposal method has become a constraint by the authorities. Therefore, this study is focusing on the incorporation of palm kernel shell (PKS) into fired clay brick in terms of indoor air quality assessment. The brick was incorporated with 0% and 5% of PKS and fired at 1050°C with heating rates of 1°C/min. Preliminary analysis was conducted with X-Ray Fluorescence test to determine chemical composition of raw materials used in the study. A further experiment of indoor air quality was obtained by measuring gases emission of total volatile organic compound (TVOC), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), formaldehyde (HCHO) and particulate matter (PM10) in Walk in Stability Chamber with controlled temperature and relative humidity. All parameters were compared with Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality standard. The result shows that incorporation 5% of PKS into fired clay brick complied with the standard requirement for use as building materials. As the conclusion, the use of palm kernel shell as clay replacement could reduce the waste disposal in landfills whilst providing low-cost building materials.

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