Processing Temperature of Sustainable Polymer with Thermoplastics by Injection Moulding (Part 1)

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Anika Zafiah Mohd Rus ◽  
Nurul Syamimi M. Salim ◽  
N. Haiza Sapiee
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodegradable Properties ◽  
Better Than

This research is started by mixing in-house produced sustainable polymers (SP) from waste cooking oil with the standard low density polyethylene (LDPE) via melt-mixing at low ratios. These mixtures are then compounded via injection molding to produce tensile samples according to ISO 527 (5A). The parameters used in injection molding were initially set to follow the parameters of neat LDPE. Fortunately, by using the quality of individual compounds injected, the parameters obtained for all ratios were the same with neat LDPE. The corresponding mechanical behaviors of each ratio were also examined and the results showed that both tensile strength and strain of the LDPE/SP were better than neat LDPE. Therefore, not only does the presence of SP provide biodegradable properties, but it also improves the mechanical properties. It was concluded that the processing temperature and composition of SP will both influence the quality and mechanical behavior of the product made. This study may aid any intention on processing these in-house produced polymers by injection molding.

scholarly journals Recycling of Cooking Oil Waste into Reactive Polyurethane for Blending with Thermoplastic Polyethylene

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus ◽  
N. Syamimi M. Salim ◽  
N. Haiza Sapiee
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Better Than

Driven by the need of growing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future, this research is started by mixing in-house produced biorenewable polymers (BP) from waste cooking oil with the standard low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) via melt-mixing at low ratios. These mixtures are then compounded via injection molding to produce tensile samples. By using the quality of individual compounds injected, the parameters obtained for all ratios of LDPE/BP were the same with neat LDPE whereas some adjustments were required for the HDPE/BP compounds. The corresponding mechanical behaviors of each ratio were also examined and the results showed that both tensile strength and strain of the LDPE/BP were better than neat LDPE. On the other hand, increasing the BP content in HDPE/BP will increase the toughness of the compound if compared to neat HDPE. Therefore, not only does the presence of BP provide renewable properties, but it also improves the mechanical properties. Moreover, the processing temperature and composition of BP will both influence the quality and mechanical behavior of the product made. Thus, this study may aid any intention on processing these in-house produced polymers by injection molding.

Processing Temperature of Sustainable Polymer with Thermoplastics by Injection Molding (Part 2)

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Anika Zafiah Mohd Rus ◽  
Nurul Syamimi M. Salim ◽  
N. Haiza Sapiee
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Molding Machine ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil ◽  
The World

Moving to a more sustainable and healthy future, the world has decided to invest on researches to make good use of waste vegetable oil rather than letting them clog the drains and hence, polluting the environment. One of the useful projects which uses these waste cooking oil is to synthesize polyols. Solidifying the polyols using cross linker produces a Sustainable Polymer (SP). These SP are compounded with the High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) by melt-mixing using injection molding machine. Injection molding is capable of producing many useful products. Therefore, aiming to analyse the processing conditions of injection molding, the corresponding mechanical properties of the compounds produced were examined. The results indicated that increasing the SP content will increase the toughness of the compound if compared to neat HDPE. It was concluded that the processing temperature and composition of SP will both influence the quality and mechanical behavior of the injected polymer compounds.

Insert injection molding of low-density polyethylene single-polymer composites reinforced with ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene fabric

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Dongjie Chen ◽  
Sui Wang ◽  
Ziran Du ◽  
Nannan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Injection Speed ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight

Low-density polyethylene single-polymer composites (SPCs) reinforced with sandwiched ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene woven fabric were prepared by insert injection molding. The process combines aesthetic and processing advantages. A processing temperature window (135–155°C) of a very short cycle time (less than 30 s) could be realized. The mechanical properties and morphologies of the samples were evaluated. The results suggested that the polyethylene SPCs were prepared successfully with concurrent increases in flexural strength (∼57%), tensile strength (∼164%), and impact strength (∼69%). The effects of different processing parameters including the nozzle temperature, injection pressure, injection speed, and the holding time were discussed. Numerical simulation results were used in the analysis.

scholarly journals Determination of Effectiveness Absorption of The Rice Husk And Hazelnut Shell to Purification Used Cooking Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Loth Botahala ◽  
Yanti Malailak ◽  
Herlin Silvia Maure ◽  
Hagar Karlani
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Hazelnut Shell ◽  
Hazelnut Shells ◽  
Better Than

The effectiveness of the absorption of activated rice husk and hazelnut shells on the purification of used cooking oil has been carried out. The aim is to determine the absorption capacity of the active charcoal of rice husk and hazelnut shells to purify used cooking oil. After being physically activated, activated charcoal from rice husk and pecan shells is applied to the purification of used cooking oil. The results show that the quality of hazelnut shell charcoal is better than rice husk after it is applied to purifying used cooking oil.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Bentonit sebagai Penyerap Air pada Proses Transesterifikasi Minyak Jelantah Menjadi Biodiesel

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Andesta Yulanda ◽  
Lisna Wahyuni ◽  
Rahmi Safitri ◽  
Abu Bakar ◽  
Muhammad Dani Supardan
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Activated Bentonite ◽  
Varying Mass ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRAK. Transesterifikasi merupakan salah satu proses dalam pembuatan biodiesel. Metode transesterifikasi secara konvesional tanpa penambahan adsorben memiliki kekurangan pada rendemen dan mutu biodiesel sehingga dikembangkan metode transesterifikasi menggunakan adsorben secara simultan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pemanfaatan bentonit sebagai penyerap air untuk meningkatkan rendemen biodiesel pada proses transesterifikasi minyak jelantah. Pertama dilakukan pengecilan ukuran bentonit menjadi 100 hingga 120 mesh dan dilanjutkan dengan aktivasi bentonit menggunakan asam sulfat 98% pada suhu 80oC. Hasil analisis Scanning Electron Microscope menunjukkan bentonit aktivasi memiliki permukaan yang lebih halus dan bersih dibandingkan dengan bentonit tanpa aktivasi. Selanjutnya, bentonit digunakan pada proses transesterifikasi minyak jelantah dengan variasi massa adsorben (1, 2, 3 dan 4 %-berat minyak) dan kadar air minyak jelantah (2, 3, 5 dan 6 %-berat minyak). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bentonit teraktivasi menghasilkan rendemen yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bentonit tanpa aktivasi dan proses tanpa menggunakan bentonit. Hasil penelitian terbaik diperoleh pada massa adsorben 3% dan kadar air 2% yaitu rendemen biodiesel sebesar 81%, massa jenis 865 kg/m3, viskositas 2,90 mm2/s, angka asam 0,1675 mg KOH/gram dan kadar air 0,70%.ABSTRACT.Transesterification is one of process in production of biodiesel. Conventional transterification method without adding adsorbent has deficiency in the yield and quality of biodiesel, therefore transesterification using adsorbent simultaneously is developed. The purpose of this research is to utilize bentonit as the adsorbent of water to increase yield of biodiesel in the waste cooking oil transesterication process. The first step to do in this research was bentonite crushing to the size of 100 to 120 mesh and then bentonite activation using sulfuric acid 98% at 80 oC. The result of SEM analysis showed that activated bentonite surface was smoother  and more clean than bentonite without activation. Bentonite is used to transesterification process by varying mass of adsorben (1, 2, 3 and 4 %-wt. of waste cooking oil) and water content (2, 3, 5 and 6 %-wt. of waste cooking oil). The result of this research showed that activated bentonite has better yield than without adsorbent and activation. The best result from this research is at adsorbent mass 3% and water content 2% with biodiesel yield 81%. The biodiesel produced have density of 865 kg/m3, viscosity of 2.90 mm2/s, acid number of 0.1675 mg KOH/gram and water content of 0.7%.

Effect of Catalysts on the Quality of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil by Induction Heating

2020 ◽  
Vol 1500 ◽  
pp. 012052
Author(s):  
Rusdianasari ◽  
Aida Syarif ◽  
Muhammad Yerizam ◽  
M. Syahirman Yusi ◽  
Leila Kalsum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Heating ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil

Performance of Waste Cooking Oil in Asphalt Binder Modification

2016 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Nur Aifa Wan Azahar ◽  
Mastura Bujang ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Modified Asphalt Binder ◽  
Modified Binder

Oxidation, hydrolysis and polymerization process during frying activity has caused the alteration value of the waste cooking oil (WCO) properties which is acid value and water content. This parameter is recognized as the quality measurement of waste cooking oil that might be affecting the performance of WCO in binder modification. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to relate the quality of WCO by the determination of the WCO parameter with the performance of WCO in modified binder by physical and rheological binder testing. Based on the finding, the high and good quality of WCO is recorded in December sample with the lowest acid value (1.66 mL/g) and water content (0.01 ml). The high quality of WCO affected the good performance of rheological properties where the higher rutting resistance and temperature failure at 64 °C is achieved by the modified asphalt binder with the addition of WCO in December sample.

scholarly journals Penentuan Kadar Asam Lemak Bebas Dan Kadar Air Pada Minyak Goreng Yang Digunakan Oleh Pedagang Gorengan Di Jalan Manyar Sabrangan, Mulyorejo, Surabaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ika Fitri Ulfindrayani ◽  
Qurrota A’yuni
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Cooking Oil

ABSTRAK Kebutuhan minyak goreng sawit di Indonesia terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Kebutuhan terbesar didominasi oleh penggunaan minyak goreng sawit sebagai media untuk menggoreng makanan yang salah satunya yaitu jajanan goreng (gorengan). Mayoritas pedagang gorengan tidak memperhatikan kualitas dari minyak goreng yang digunakan. Banyak pedagang gorengan membeli minyak goreng bekas (jelantah) demi mendapatkan keuntungan yang besar. Pada minyak jelantah mengandung asam lemak bebas akibat pemanasan berkala yang berbahaya bagi tubuh. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian kualitas minyak goreng melalui dua parameter yaitu kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas minyak goreng yang digunakan oleh para pedagang gorengan. Sampel minyak goreng didapatkan dari pedagang gorengan di sepanjang Jalan Manyar Sabrangan, Mulyorejo, Surabaya. Terdapat 7 pedagang gorengan yang menjual gorengannya dengan harga sekitar Rp. 1.000 – Rp 2.000. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode titrasi alkalimetri dan metode gravimeteri. Hasil analisa kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air menunjukkan bahwa dari 7 sampel terdapat 4 sampel minyak goreng yang tidak layak dikonsumsi karena tidak sesuai dengan syarat mutu minyak goreng SNI 01-3741-2002. Kata kunci: Asam Lemak Bebas, Kadar Air, Minyak Goreng, Pedagang Gorengan. ABSTRACT The requirement of palm cooking oil in Indonesia increase from year to year. It was dominated by the use of palm cooking oil as a medium to fry. Fried food on street seller was one of foods that need oil in frying process. Many street fried food seller did not pay attention to the quality of cooking oil that used to fry. Waste cooking oil was the good choice for street fried food seller in order to get big profits. Waste cooking oil contains of free fatty acids due to periodic warming that is harmful to the body. It was important for us to know the quality of cooking oil which we used. Therefore, in this research, we did test the quality of cooking oil which used street fried food seller. Free fatty acid and water content were two parameters that can describe the quality of cooking oil. The samples of cooking oil were obtained from street fried food seller along Jalan Manyar Sabrangan, Mulyorejo, Surabaya. There are 7 street seller that selling fried food with price of about Rp. 1.000 - Rp 2.000. Alkalimetry titration and gravimetery method were used to determine free fatty acid and water content of samples. The result showed there are 4 samples of cooking oil that was not worthy to be consumed because not in accordance with requirement of cooking oil quality of SNI 01-3741-2002. Key Words: Free Fatty Acid, Water Content, Cooking Oil, Street Fried Food Seller.  

scholarly journals Modification of Energy Parameters in Wood Pellets with the Use of Waste Cooking Oil

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6486
Author(s):  
Aneta Saletnik ◽  
Bogdan Saletnik ◽  
Czesław Puchalski
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Energy Parameters ◽  
Cooking Oil

Biomass is one of the most important sources of renewable energy. It is expected that in the coming decades, biomass will play a major role in replacing fossil fuels. The most commonly used biofuels include wood pellet, which is a cost-effective, uniform and easy-to-use material. In view of the growing interest in this type of resource, novel methods are being investigated to improve the quality of pellet. This article presents the results of a laboratory study focusing on wood pellets refined with waste sunflower cooking oil applied by spraying. In this work, authors attempted to modify the energy parameters of wood pellets with the use of waste cooking oil. Addition of waste cooking oil, applied at the rates of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% relative to the weight of pellets, increased the calorific value of the pellets without decreasing their durability. The highest dose of the modifier (12%) on average led to a 12–16% increase in calorific value. In each case, the addition of sunflower oil resulted in decreased contents of ash in the pellets; on average a decrease of 16–38% was observed in the samples treated with the highest dose of the modifier. The treatment led to a higher content of elements affecting the heating value, i.e., carbon and hydrogen, which on average increased by 7.5–12%, and 7.0–10.0%, respectively. The presented method seems to be a promising way of increasing the calorific value of pellets. Further research on refining the method and the possibility of using it in industry is necessary.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic studies of the quality of WCO (Waste Cooking Oil) fatty acid methyl esters

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 02019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Matwijczuk ◽  
Grzegorz Zając ◽  
Dariusz Karcz ◽  
Edyta Chruściel ◽  
Alicja Matwijczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Electron Absorption ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

Different kinds of biodiesel fuels become more and more attractive form of fuel due to their unique characteristics such as: biodegradability, replenishability, and what is more a very low level of toxicity in terms of using them as a fuel. The test on the quality of diesel fuel is becoming a very important issue mainly due to the fact that its high quality may play an important role in the process of commercialization and admitting it on the market. The most popular techniques among the wellknown are: molecular spectroscopy and molecular chromatography (especially the spectroscopy of the electron absorption and primarily the infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)).The issue presents a part of the results obtained with the use of spectroscopy of the electron absorption and in majority infrared spectroscopy FTIR selected for testing samples of the acid fats WCO (Waste Cooking Oil) types. The samples were obtained using laboratory methods from sunflower oil and additionally from waste animal fats delivered from slaughterhouses. Acid methyl esters were selected as references to present the samples. In order to facilitate the spectroscopic analysis, free glycerol, methanol, esters and methyl linolenic acid were measured

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