Analysis of Development Trends in Low Energy Advanced Convergence Building Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Young Duk Koo ◽  
Dae Hyun Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Technology Convergence ◽  
Map Analysis ◽  
Technology Level

The purpose of this study is to conduct a technology-level analysis and draw implications regarding the development of low energy advanced convergence building technology by utilizing information in research papers. With this aim, a citation analysis, a technology development stage analysis, a network analysis, and a technology associative map analysis were undertaken. The results showed that countries including the USA and China have carried out much research in the development of low energy advanced convergence building technology, and the technology level was found to have reached the maturity stage. Also, joint research has been conducted by region, and technology development has been done actively through ICT technology convergence such as electric and electronics and information communication. These analyzed results are expected to furnish useful information for strategy building in the development of low energy advanced convergence building technology.

A Trend Analysis of Smart City Technology Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 425-429
Author(s):  
Young Duk Koo ◽  
O Young Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Technology Level ◽  
Technology Growth

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends of smart city technology, which has attracted attention recently in relation to its urban revival functions along with changes in the industrial structure in deprived urban areas, and to draw implications. With this aim, the trends by country and detailed research field were analyzed in this study through a technology level analysis, and the technology growth stage and network analysis were examined by utilizing research paper information published worldwide. From these results, it was determined that smart city technology is likely to be commercialized because recently it has reached a maturity stage, and relevant research has been conducted actively mainly by China, the USA, and major European countries. Through this trend analysis, useful information is presented in this study for establishing R&D strategies to preoccupy the smart city technology field.

Gap Funding in the USA and Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Steven C. Price ◽  
Philip Z. Sobocinski
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
University Setting

Successful technology transfer of innovations arising from university research is often hindered by the lack of development funds to add value to these nascent discoveries. Within a university context, ‘gap funding’ is, for example, grant research funding that supports the demonstration of technical feasibility, prototype development, and/or assists with broadening patent claims and strengthening licensing opportunities. It is this early development stage that constitutes the bottleneck in which the transfer of promising technologies in academia can often languish or come to a halt from the lack of even a modest amount of such funding. This paper reports on measured outcomes of two such gap funding programmes at the authors' institution, presented as case studies that demonstrate the importance of this type of funding, and provides several recommendations for grants administration. In addition, results of a survey conducted on the status of gap funding programmes at other academic institutions in North America are presented. Surprisingly few such programmes exist in North America and very few have reported outcomes. The case study results support the conclusion that gap funding programmes are critical to technology development and transfer within a university setting and can provide valuable returns on the investment. These returns include enhancing patenting and licensing efforts as well as various collateral benefits such as the number of publications created; students trained; spin-offs formed; and the leveraging induced as measured by the amount of follow-on federal and industrial sponsored research dollars.

Der energieflexible und effiziente Energiewertstrom/The efficient and flexible energy value stream

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (05) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
F. Feder ◽  
K. Erlach ◽  
F. Hosak ◽  
H. Lepple
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
A Value ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
And Control

Die wachsende Volatilität im deutschen Energiesektor bietet jenen Unternehmen zukünftig einen Wettbewerbsvorteil, die ihren Energieverbrauch kontinuierlich senken und flexibel anpassen können. Als Werkzeug dafür wurde die Energiewertstrom-Methode um weitere Energieflüsse aus der Gebäude- und Versorgungstechnik sowie um Aspekte der Energieflexibilität erweitert. Dies erlaubt die Gestaltung eines energiekostenoptimalen Wertstroms.   In the light of the increasing volatility in the German energy sector, companies that are able to constantly reduce and control their energy consumption will gain a competitive advantage. Therefore, the Energy Value Stream Method has been extended by adding further energy flows in building technology as well as aspects of flexible energy usage. This enables the design of a value stream that results in low energy consumption and costs.

Polymorphism control of active pharmaceutical ingredients

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Roman Petrovich Terekhov ◽  
Denis Igorevich Pankov ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Anfinogenova ◽  
Irina Anatolievna Selivanova
Keyword(s):  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Polymorphic Modification ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Medicinal Substances ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Economic Union

Рolymorphism is receiving increasing attention due to its influence on the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) while maintaining the molecular structure. This review is devoted to the problem of APIs phase state control both at the development stage and during the circulation of the drug. The term «polymorphism» has different definitions depending on the branch of science. There is no unambiguous solution to this issue in the regulatory documentation of pharmaceutical industry either. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the article presents a comparison of pharmacopeia methods, recommended in Russian and foreign regulatory documents for the analysis of polymorphism of medicinal substances, including state pharmacopeias of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the USA, and Japan, as well as international pharmacopeias of the European Economic Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. The trend on using a complex of high-tech equipment is revealed. A systematic approach to analysis based on X-ray diffraction, thermal, spectral, microscopic, biological, and physical methods for determining constants makes it possible not only to identify the polymorphic modification of API, but also to characterize its structure, morphology, physicochemical properties and pharmacological activity. In the Russian Federation, the phenomenon of polymorphism is being studied especially intensively, and some control methods, such as biological methods, are validated only in Russian pharmacopeia. A promising direction for further research is the improvement and harmonization of regulatory documentation within the framework of this chemical and technological field of pharmacy. A global approach will help to reduce not only the probability of poor-quality products entering the market, but also the costs of establishing the authenticity of the active pharmaceutical ingredient produced.

In-Service Inspection of Extended Dry Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel, Part I: Crawler Technology Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Meyer ◽  
Jeremy Renshaw ◽  
Jamie Beard ◽  
Jon Tatman ◽  
Matt Keene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Extended Operation ◽  
Interim Storage ◽  
Physical Access

Abstract This paper describes development and demonstration of remote crawling systems to support periodic examinations of interim dry storage system (DSS) canisters for spent nuclear fuel in the USA. Specifically, this work relates to robotic crawler developments for “canister” based DSS systems, which form the majority population of DSSs in the USA for interim storage of spent nuclear fuel. Consideration of potential degradation of the welded stainless-steel canister in these systems is required for continued usage in the period of extended operation (PEO) beyond their initial licensed or certified terms. Challenges with performing the periodic examinations are associated with physical access to the canister surface, which is constrained due to narrow annulus spaces between the canister and the overpack, tortuous entry pathways, and high temperatures and radiation doses that can be damaging to materials and electronics. Motivations for performing periodic examinations and developing robotic crawlers for performing those examinations remotely will be presented, and several activities to demonstrate robotic crawlers for different DSS systems are summarized.

Inservice Inspection of Extended Dry Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel, Part II: NDE/Sensor Technology Development and Codification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Meyer ◽  
Jeremy Renshaw ◽  
Kenn Hunter ◽  
Mike Orihuela ◽  
Jim Stadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Nondestructive Examination ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Safety Function ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
The Usa

Abstract This paper describes development and demonstration of nondestructive examination (NDE) technologies to support periodic examinations of interim dry storage system (DSS) canisters for spent nuclear fuel in the USA to verify continued safe operation and that the canister confinement is intact and performing its intended safety function. Specifically, this work relates to NDE technology development for “canister” based DSS systems, which form the majority population of DSSs in the USA for interim storage of spent nuclear fuel. Consideration of potential degradation of the welded stainless-steel canister in these systems is required for continued usage in the period of extended operation (PEO) beyond the initial license or certified term. Physical access to the canister surface is constrained due to narrow annulus spaces between the canister and the overpack, tortuous entry pathways, and high temperatures and radiation doses that can be damaging to materials and electronics related to inspections. Several activities to demonstrate NDE technologies for the inspections of different DSS systems are summarized.

scholarly journals Progress in practical hydrogen production and utilisation in East Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Pradipto Suwidji ◽  
Hoi Ying Chung ◽  
Yun Hau Ng
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Future Prospect ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Hydrogen Technology ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Usa ◽  
East Asia Region

Development of hydrogen utilisation for energy applications has seen promising innovation towards the future prospect of clean and sustainable energy, benefitting various aspects of environmental, social, industrial and energy security. In the APEC region, several economies, such as the USA, China, Australia, Japan and South Korea, have shown interest in the development of hydrogen technology for energy applications. These economies have been devoting effort towards research and development programmes, pilot projects and, up to a certain point, implementing it in their communities. In addition, these economies each have their own tailored hydrogen roadmap or strategy, ensuring a smoother path towards hydrogen development. In this mini-review, we analysed the approaches of three selected economies in the East Asia region towards hydrogen technology, namely China, Japan and South Korea. Each of these economies have their own strategies and priorities towards the application, production and future development of hydrogen technology. This review also analyses the future possibilities for the integration of hydrogen technology into various sectors, as well as various constraints faced by each economy. Therefore, the review might serve as a valuable reference towards the feasibility of future hydrogen technology development in the East Asia and APEC region.

scholarly journals Engineering Ethics of Neuralink Brain Computer Interfaces Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Jassim Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Engineering Ethics ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Engineering Profession ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Nowadays, smart home devices have started to take a part in everything in our life, which mainly have been developed to consist from brain computer interface (BCI). In recent months, Neuralink BCI (1024-Electode) has been approved to be used by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA. That makes the ethical related studies have more attention to apply these devices and technologies in our daily life with more security. In this work, the ethical challenges of smart home systems that use BCI for personal monitoring, such as Neuralink Interfaces, have been reviewed, analysed and discussed regarding the fundamental principles in ‘Statement of Ethical Principles for the Engineering Profession’ of the UK. Firstly, a brief introduction of Neuralink BCI technology and important applications in daily life were discussed with related ethics issues. Then, proposed solutions and recommendations for every situation have been introduced and discussed as well. The main proposed ways to address that are establishing and introducing the related laws and rules, technology development of security and safety, and educate for acceptance culture in the society.

scholarly journals Global prospects of unconventional oil in the turbulent market: a long term outlook to 2040

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita O. Kapustin ◽  
Dmitry A. Grushevenko
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
The Usa

Unconventional oils have taken the global oil industry by storm and have secured an 8% share in the global liquid fuels production in under 20 years. And it is without a doubt that these resources will continue to play an important role in the future. Cost analysis of unconventional oil types has shown that Light Tight Oil (LTO) or shale oil still holds potential for technological and economical improvement, however, the revolutionary stage in development has probably already been passed in the US. For the rest of the world, the issue of kick starting LTO production lies as much in the fields of adapting the existing technologies, as overcoming economic, legislative and environmental barriers. The same cannot be said for heavy oil and bitumen production, as open pit mining is demonstrating cost escalation and resource base depletion, whilein situproduction approach has reached the limit of technological progress and production costs are mostly determined by external factors. Oil price fluctuation and the emergence of more economically viable unconventional oil sources have shifted attention away from kerogen oil and substantially halted production technologies development. The forecast of unconventional oil was conducted along two scenarios: Baseline (a business-as-usual scenario) and Technological (scenario of forced technology development and transfer). The share of unconventional oil in global crude production will increase to 17–21%, depending on scenario. The main difference between scenarios is the rate of kerogen production, which benefits from the favorable conditions of the Technological scenario. Large-scale LTO production will remain a local North American phenomenon in both scenarios. More important than geological or technological factors is the unique business environment, characteristic for the USA, which would be impossible to replicate in any other country. Expansion of unconventional oil production as stimulated competition on the liquid fuels market. Conventional oil producers have mostly adapted to the new environment and will continue to dominate in the forecast period. The greatest pressure is put on the more costly alternative supply sources: biofuels, coal-to-liquid and gas-to-liquid; which have the least promising prospects in the current market.

scholarly journals A Cost-Effective and Transferable Methodology for Rooftop PV Potential Assessment in Developing Countries

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Minh Khuong ◽  
Russell McKenna ◽  
Wolf Fichtner
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
The Self ◽  
Priority Order ◽  
Efficient Uptake ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Module Efficiency

The efficient uptake of decentralized solar rooftop photovoltaics (PV) is in some cases hindered by ineffective energy and political framework conditions. These may be based on inaccurate and uncertain potential assessments in the early development stage of the solar market. This paper develops a more accurate, cost-effective, and robust potential assessment for emerging and developing economies. Adjusting the module efficiency corresponding to regional and household conditions improves the output accuracy. The rooftop PV market changes are simulated regarding different input changes and policy designs, including changing the Feed-In Tariff (FIT), grid tariff, and technology development. In the case study, the market potential in Vietnam is estimated at 260–280 TWh/a and is clustered into six groups in priority order, in which Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh need the most policy focus. Changing the FIT from 8.83 to 9 Euro cent/kWh and using different regional FITs can activate an additional 16% of the market and lead to a possible 28 million Euro benefit. Increasing the grid tariff to 8.7 cents/kWh could activate the self-consumption model, and the self-sufficient market can be guaranteed in the case of CAPEX and OPEX being lower than 650 Euro/kWp. Future developments of the method should focus on combining this top-down method with detailed bottom-up approaches.

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