scholarly journals A Cost-Effective and Transferable Methodology for Rooftop PV Potential Assessment in Developing Countries

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Minh Khuong ◽  
Russell McKenna ◽  
Wolf Fichtner
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
The Self ◽  
Priority Order ◽  
Efficient Uptake ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Module Efficiency

The efficient uptake of decentralized solar rooftop photovoltaics (PV) is in some cases hindered by ineffective energy and political framework conditions. These may be based on inaccurate and uncertain potential assessments in the early development stage of the solar market. This paper develops a more accurate, cost-effective, and robust potential assessment for emerging and developing economies. Adjusting the module efficiency corresponding to regional and household conditions improves the output accuracy. The rooftop PV market changes are simulated regarding different input changes and policy designs, including changing the Feed-In Tariff (FIT), grid tariff, and technology development. In the case study, the market potential in Vietnam is estimated at 260–280 TWh/a and is clustered into six groups in priority order, in which Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh need the most policy focus. Changing the FIT from 8.83 to 9 Euro cent/kWh and using different regional FITs can activate an additional 16% of the market and lead to a possible 28 million Euro benefit. Increasing the grid tariff to 8.7 cents/kWh could activate the self-consumption model, and the self-sufficient market can be guaranteed in the case of CAPEX and OPEX being lower than 650 Euro/kWp. Future developments of the method should focus on combining this top-down method with detailed bottom-up approaches.

Analysis of Development Trends in Low Energy Advanced Convergence Building Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Young Duk Koo ◽  
Dae Hyun Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Technology Convergence ◽  
Map Analysis ◽  
Technology Level

The purpose of this study is to conduct a technology-level analysis and draw implications regarding the development of low energy advanced convergence building technology by utilizing information in research papers. With this aim, a citation analysis, a technology development stage analysis, a network analysis, and a technology associative map analysis were undertaken. The results showed that countries including the USA and China have carried out much research in the development of low energy advanced convergence building technology, and the technology level was found to have reached the maturity stage. Also, joint research has been conducted by region, and technology development has been done actively through ICT technology convergence such as electric and electronics and information communication. These analyzed results are expected to furnish useful information for strategy building in the development of low energy advanced convergence building technology.

Research on School Sports Insurance in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 271-273 ◽  
pp. 1049-1052
Author(s):  
Yong Cheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
The Self ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Sports Industry ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
Basic Position

Sports insurance originates in the nature of sports-high risk, and its basic position in the sports industry is determined by its particularity. However, sports insurance in China is only limited to high-risk competitive sports. School sports insurance is still in the development stage. The self-construction of sports insurance and insurance codes are imperfect with few sectors. What’s more, because of weak insurance consciousness of schools and students, unavoidable sports accidents take great pressure to the school, family and the student, which make an impact on the normal operation of schools. Thus it is necessary and urgent to build up and perfect school sports insurance.

Optimising Foundation Skirt Geometries for Reliable Foundation Capacity and Installation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Bransby ◽  
D. O’Driscoll ◽  
H. Zhu ◽  
M. F. Randolph ◽  
T. Drummen
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Self ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Foundation Type ◽  
Fabrication Costs ◽  
Installation Time

Increasing numbers of subsea structures related to wells and pipelines are being placed on the seabed as part of typical subsea or tie-back developments. Given the proliferation of these structures and the marginal cost of offshore developments, controlling installation and fabrication costs for subsea structures can be key to project viability. Skirted mudmats are often the most cost-effective foundation type, and particular additional design focuses on optimising their cost by minimising foundation weight and installation time. Subsea foundations must be designed to withstand all applied loads during their design life (e.g. during set-down, tie-in, hydrotest, operation etc.) with suitable reliability. Using skirts, peripheral or internal, to improve the sliding resistance is an efficient solution provided the self-weight of the subsea structure on set-down is sufficiently large to ensure installation of the skirts (even for the strongest likely seabed conditions), but can lead to significant cost increases if additional ballast is required to ensure this. The paper examines how foundation skirt geometries can be optimised in order to provide sufficient foundation in-place capacity whilst minimising the amount of self-weight required for their installation. Parametric studies are presented that show how the sliding capacity of individual skirts is affected by the weight of the structure, and also the spacing and position within the foundation plan.

Automotive Industry in BRIC Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
S. Afanas'ev ◽  
V. Kondrat’ev
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Future ◽  
Assembly Operations

For the next decade, the future of the automotive industry lies in BRIC’ countries. Together, Brazil, Russia, India, and China will account for some 30 percent of world auto sales in 2014 while also offering significant opportunities for cost-effective R&D, sourcing, and manufacturing. The authors analyze the degree of localization of leading TNC and supplies in each BRIC country, for each function, compare localization across BRIC countries, assess the future development of these markets, compare local capabilities and resources, and identify particularly promising combinations of functions and countries. Key trends in developing countries include continuing liberalization and globalization, increased foreign investment and ownership, and the increasing importance of follow-source and follow-design forces. The article concerns the trends and factors of national automotive industry formation in BRIC countries. Special emphasis is made on localization of R&D activities, final assembly operations and components production by global automotive companies in BRIC countries. It systemizes the factors of investment opportunities of different developing markets. It is concluded that active state regulation is playing the principle role in localization and catching-up process in automotive industry in developing countries. The comparison of the automotive industry in BRIC countries allows shedding light on the economic processes of emergence at large. There is a stark contrast in the capacities of development of the sector in these countries. This contrast serves as an analyzer between the modes of sector opening and the paths of technological catching-up that is the core of the phenomenon of emergence. The analysis and best practices presented in the topic, while focusing on the BRIC countries, are applicable also to other rapidly developing economies.

Rapid and Scalable Production of Functional Anti-Coronavirus Monoclonal Antibody CR3022 in Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaewta Rattanapisit ◽  
Balamurugan Shanmugaraj ◽  
Suwimon Manopwisedjaroen ◽  
Priyo Budi Purwono ◽  
Konlavat Siriwattananon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Significant Public Health

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is responsible for an ongoing global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents a significant public health threat. The rapid spread of COVID-19 necessitates the development of cost-effective technology platforms for the production of diagnostic reagents/biopharmaceuticals for COVID-19. We explored the possibility of producing an anti-SARS-CoV monoclonal antibody (mAb) CR3022 and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Both RBD and the mAb were transiently expressed with the expression of 8μg/g and 130μg/g leaf fresh weight respectively. The plant-purified mAb binds to SARS-CoV-2, but fails to neutralize it in vitro. This is the first report showing the functional characterization of an anti- SARS-CoV mAb CR3022 in plants. Overall these findings showed that plants are a promising platform to produce anti-SARS-CoV mAb to use as a research reagent or a biotherapeutic in a cost-effective manner, which is especially important to developing economies during epidemics.

scholarly journals Self-nudging and the citizen choice architect

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMULI REIJULA ◽  
RALPH HERTWIG
Keyword(s):  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scope Of Application

Abstract This article argues that nudges can often be turned into self-nudges: empowering interventions that enable people to design and structure their own decision environments – that is, to act as citizen choice architects. Self-nudging applies insights from behavioral science in a way that is practicable and cost-effective, but that sidesteps concerns about paternalism or manipulation. It has the potential to expand the scope of application of behavioral insights from the public to the personal sphere (e.g., homes, offices, families). It is a tool for reducing failures of self-control and enhancing personal autonomy; specifically, self-nudging can mean designing one's proximate choice architecture to alleviate the effects of self-control problems, engaging in education to understand the nature and causes of self-control problems and employing simple educational nudges to improve goal attainment in various domains. It can even mean self-paternalistic interventions such as winnowing down one's choice set by, for instance, removing options. Policy-makers could promote self-nudging by sharing knowledge about nudges and how they work. The ultimate goal of the self-nudging approach is to enable citizen choice architects’ efficient self-governance, where reasonable, and the self-determined arbitration of conflicts between their mutually exclusive goals and preferences.

scholarly journals A Design of a Lightweight In-Vehicle Edge Gateway for the Self-Diagnosis of an Autonomous Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
YiNa Jeong ◽  
SuRak Son ◽  
EunHee Jeong ◽  
ByungKwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Transmission Delay ◽  
The Self ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Address Mapping ◽  
Control Area Network

This paper proposes a Lightweight In-Vehicle Edge Gateway (LI-VEG) for the self-diagnosis of an autonomous vehicle, which supports a rapid and accurate communication between in-vehicle sensors and a self-diagnosis module and between in-vehicle protocols. A paper on the self-diagnosis module has been published previously, thus this paper only covers the LI-VEG, not the self-diagnosis. The LI-VEG consists of an In-Vehicle Sending and Receiving Layer (InV-SRL), an InV-Management Layer (InV-ML) and an InV-Data Translator Layer (InV-DTL). First, the InV-SRL receives the messages from FlexRay, Control Area Network (CAN), Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST), and Ethernet and transfers the received messages to the InV-ML. Second, the InV-ML manages the message transmission and reception of FlexRay, CAN, MOST, and Ethernet and an Address Mapping Table. Third, the InV-DTL decomposes the message of FlexRay, CAN, MOST, and Ethernet and recomposes the decomposed messages to the frame suitable for a destination protocol. The performance analysis of the LI-VEG shows that the transmission delay time about message translation and transmission is reduced by an average of 10.83% and the transmission delay time caused by traffic overhead is improved by an average of 0.95%. Therefore, the LI-VEG has higher compatibility and is more cost effective because it applies a software gateway to the OBD, compared to a hardware gateway. In addition, it can reduce the transmission error and overhead caused by message decomposition because of a lightweight message header.

New Electric Transmission Technologies for Renewable Integration

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merwin Brown ◽  
Lloyd Cibulka ◽  
Jim Cole ◽  
Larry Miller
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Renewable Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Electric Transmission ◽  
To Come

California has established aggressive Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) goals to increase the fraction of electricity generated from renewable energy resources and to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Legislation AB 32 requires 20% of California’s electricity to come from renewables by 2010. More recently, an executive order has set a goal of 33% by 2020. Most of this new renewable generation will require the electric grid for delivering its electricity to customers. Renewable generators will be integrated into the grid at both transmission and distribution levels, but most of this capacity is expected to connect to the transmission system in locations remote from load centers and existing transmission infrastructure. Consequently, new transmission extensions must be built. But permitting and constructing new transmission are taking considerably longer than they do for the power plants the new transmission will serve, creating a significant challenge for meeting the RPS goals. Once connected to the grid, some of this renewable generation will exhibit properties, such as intermittency, quite different from traditional generation and loads, which pose special challenges for providing timely grid delivery capacity, maintaining reliability, and avoiding economic inefficiencies. Finally, power flow constraints through existing transmission “gateways” into population centers must be relieved before the electricity from renewables can reach customers. Meeting these challenges will require new or expanded capabilities for the grid. At higher RPS levels, the conventional “build” solutions, namely new extension lines, expanding the capacity of existing transmission gateways to load centers, and building conventional power plants for support, will prove inadequate by themselves, either because they are not the most cost effective or can’t be permitted. New transmission technologies offer the prospect of providing a substantial portion of these new or expanded capabilities to supplement these build solutions. This paper provides a technology development survey for achieving an electric transmission infrastructure functionally capable of performing its role in meeting the Renewables Portfolio Standard goals. These new technologies were examined in the context of providing three new or expanded broad capabilities: (1) Provide physical access for each new power plant, (2) Reliably accommodate any unique renewable generator behaviors, and (3) Increase the grid’s power carrying capacity to handle the additional electric power flows. Many of these new capabilities will foster a more intelligent, robust and flexible transmission system as part of the Smart Grid. This intelligence also opens the prospects for an expanded role for distributed renewable generation to help meet the RPS goals and reduce some of the burden on transmission. Finally new physical capabilities must be added to turn the intelligence into actions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document