The Impact of China’s Passenger Turnover Quantity on Farmer Income Increase

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 3301-3305
Author(s):  
Cong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Positive Influence ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Net Income ◽  
The Road ◽  
Peasant Workers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Based on the data of passenger turnover quantity, agriculture gross production, peasant workers’ salary and rural per capita net income from 1973 to 2013 of China, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of China’s passenger person-kilometers on rural per capita net income. By build Var model, Co-integration Rank Test and Granger Causality Tests, author illustrate the relation between passenger person-kilometers and rural per capita net income. The results show that there are one way lead relations and long-run equilibrium relationship between them. The increase of person-kilometers has positive influence on rural per capita net income. We can promote the farmers' income by strengthen the construction of rural roads and planning the road network more reasonable.

Impact of Share Splits on Stock Returns: Evidences from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-441
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Pandow ◽  
Khurshid Ahmad Butt
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact

This article empirically examines the impact of stock splits on the price movements and returns of the scrips listed on the stock market in India. The study makes use of the standard event study methodology to measure the significance of unusual yield associated with the event. To calculate the returns, the study employs market model. Also, it uses parametric tests, such as t-statistic, and non-parametric test, such as Corrado Rank Test, Generalized Rank Test and Sign Test, to check the significance and robustness of abnormal return (AR), average AR, and cumulative average AR. Indisputably, the results are somewhat different from the evidences found in developed markets. Mostly in these countries, the event witnesses unusual optimistic yields. The results suggest that there is a positive AR adjacent to the effective day (ED) of the event in the short run. However, in the long run, negative ARs in the post-effective to ED+90 days window is witnessed. Further, the analysis also suggests that share splits do not have a positive influence on the share capital of the investors. The results are based on the 10-days event and 90-days estimation window and are the main limitation of the study. Hence, the windows can be both expanded and reduced to have a better holistic impact analysis of the share splits and stock returns of the selected firms.

Transportation infrastructure and rural development in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Wang ◽  
Sizhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Road ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose The infrastructure investment is one important source of economic growth in China in the past three decades. However it is not clear to what extent such investment affects development in rural area. The purpose of this paper is to explore this impact both conceptually and quantitatively, and draw policy implications from the empirical exercise. Design/methodology/approach The authors first describe the conceptual link between the transportation infrastructure and rural development, which motivates the empirical model. Then by utilizing an autoregressive distributed lag model, the authors estimate both the short- and long-run impacts of the transportation infrastructure on rural development, in terms of cereal yield and per capita net income of rural households. Findings The authors find that investment in transportation infrastructure positively affects rural development in China. In terms of cereal yield, a 1 percent increase in the road infrastructure (road length) leads to around 0.05 percent increase in cereal yield in the short-, and around 0.19 percent increase in the long-run. In terms of the per capita net income of rural households, a 1 percent increase in the road infrastructure results in around 0.14 percent increase in the short-, and its long-run impact is not statistically significant. The positive impacts lend supports to promote investment in the transportation infrastructure. To this end, in addition to the government funding, the participation of private capital can also be promoted through a number of channels, such as the build-operate-transfer, public-private partnership, and establishment of infrastructure investment bank. Originality/value This study evaluates the impacts of transportation infrastructure on rural development in China. Despite of the importance of infrastructure and rural development, there is a lack of study on the interaction between them. This paper intends to fill in this gap. In addition, implications drawn in this exercise can benefit policy makers not only in China, but also in other developing countries.

scholarly journals Economic crises and emission of pollutants: a historical review of select economies amid two economic recessions

Ekonomika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriy Stavytskyy ◽  
Vincent Giedraitis ◽  
Darius Sakalauskas ◽  
Maik Huettinger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Human Pollution ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the historical trends in economic development through the impact of economic depressions and emissions of greenhouse gasses, namely carbon dioxide (CO2). The analysis includes four countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan. The focus, therefore, will be on the impact of two economic crises and their effect on global warming. Temperature changes in the longer period are very often regarded as a result of human activity, which can be measured by the increase of GDP (per capita). The findings indicate that GDP (per capita) parameters cannot be considered as correct measures of human pollution activity. The results show that the long-run temperature can be evaluated with the help of annual average temperatures of the previous four years. The proposed model does not only provide quite satisfactory forecasts, but is very stable with coefficients variables that can make a model more reliable for practice.

scholarly journals Impact of Road Network Topology on Public Transportation Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Minzhi Chen ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Min Yin ◽  
Jiangang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Urban Road Network ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Layout Structure ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Transportation Development ◽  
The Impact

Planning of road networks is fundamental for public transportation. The impact of road network density on public transportation has been extensively studied, but few studies in this regard involved evaluation indicators for connectivity and layout of road networks. With 29 cities in China as the study cases, this paper quantifies the layout structure of the road network based on the network’s betweenness centralization and establishes a multivariate linear regression model to perform regression of the logarithm of the frequency of per capita public transportation on betweenness centralization. It is found in the present work that there is a significant correlation between the layout structure of an urban road network and the residents’ utilization degree of public transportation. A greater betweenness centralization of the urban road network, namely a more centralized road network, means a higher frequency of per capita public transportation of urban residents and a higher degree of the residents’ utilization of public transportation. In the development of public transportation, centralized and axial-shaped layout structures of road networks can be promoted to improve the utilization of public transportation.

scholarly journals Economic growth and crude oil revenue in Nigeria

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Nenubari John Ikue ◽  
Lucky Ifeanyi Amabuike ◽  
Joseph Osaro Denwi ◽  
Aminu Usman Mohammed ◽  
Ahmadu Uba Musa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Individual Income ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
World Development

This paper investigated how oil revenue and the activities in the oil industry affected the size of income accrue to each Nigerian (Per capita income) from 1980 to 2019. The variables were sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI), OPEC Statistics, Baker Hughes Rig Count and the central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. Using the AutoRegressive Distributional Lag (ARDL) we observed that explorative activities of crude oil in Nigeria positively impacted the size of individual income. The magnitude of the impact was massive irrespective of time; a 1% increase in exploration increases the size of individual income by 0.4786% in the long run and 0.6030% in the short run. The interaction of rigs by output (interaction of rig-count and oil-production) negatively impacted the size of individual income. This implies that the size of individual income in Nigeria is sensitive to the nature of the explorative environment of the Nigerian oil industry.

Technological Innovation and the Agricultural Sustainability

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rachida Khaled ◽  
Lamine Hammas
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The diffusion of the technological innovation can affect the agricultural sector in the three-sided (social, economic and environmental), a hand, it can contribute to solve problems of the agricultural sector: the effects of the climatic changes, the farming exodus and the migration and the problems of poverty and it can improve the agricultural productivity. But on the other hand, he can lead to new problems, such as depletion of energy resources caused by excessive use of energizing technologies, pollution of air and water and the destruction of soil by industrial waste. This paper aims to theoretically and empirically analyze the role of technological innovation in improving agricultural sustainability through the impact of mechanization on agricultural productivity, energy production and net income per capita for a panel of three Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) during the period 1997-2012. By using simultaneous equations, the authors' finding that technological innovation cannot achieve the purpose of sustainable development in the agriculture sector in the Maghreb countries through the negative impact of mechanization and research and development on agricultural productivity.

Autonomous expenditures and induced investment: a panel test of the Sraffian supermultiplier model in European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-239
Author(s):  
José A. Pérez-Montiel ◽  
Carles Manera Erbina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endogenous Regressors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence ◽  
European Economies ◽  
Heterogeneous Panel

This paper tests the main postulates of the Sraffian supermultiplier model for the case of 16 European economies during the period 1995–2018. We adopt the methodology of Girardi and Pariboni (2016) and extend it to a panel framework. We apply panel unit root, cointegration, and causality tests that are robust to endogenous regressors, cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity across countries. Our results are supportive of the Sraffian supermultiplier model. In a heterogeneous panel framework, autonomous demand and output follow a long-run equilibrium relationship and there exists panel long-run causality that goes unidirectionally from autonomous demand to output. We also empirically verify the investment accelerator (the mechanism that enables the dynamic stability of the model) by confirming the existence of same-sign panel causality running unidirectionally from the growth rate of autonomous demand to the investment share. Our results call for national economic policies aimed at promoting the components of autonomous demand that act as locomotives of growth in each country.

Correlations between energy consumption per capita, growth rate, industrialisation, trade volume and urbanisation: the case of Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Funda Yurdakul
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relationship Of

This study examines the relationship of energy consumption per capita with growth rate, industrialisation, trade volume and urbanisation in Turkish economy throughout the 1980–2015 period using the Engle-Granger, Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods. Analysis results revealed a long-run equilibrium relationship between the change in energy consumption per capita and growth rate, industrialisation, trade volume and urbanisation. Urbanisation, industrialisation, growth rate and trade volume positively influence the change in energy consumption per capita. Keywords: Energy consumption, Engle-Granger method, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method, canonical cointegration regression (CCR), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method.

The long run impact of immigration on labor market in an advanced economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-367
Author(s):  
Faridul Islam ◽  
Saleheen Khan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Advanced Economy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic relationship among immigration rate, GDP per capita, and and real wage rates in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – The paper implements the Johansen-Juselius (1990, 1992) cointegration technique to test for a long-run relationship; and for short-run dynamics the authors apply Granger causality tests under the vector error-correction model. Findings – The results show that the long-run causality runs from GDP per capita to immigration, not vice versa. Growing economy attracts immigrants. The authors also find that immigration flow depresses average weekly earnings of the natives in the long-run. Originality/value – The authors are not aware of any study on the USA addressing the impact of immigrants on labor market using a tripartite approach by explicitly incorporating economic growth. It is therefore important to pursue a theoretically justified empirical model in search of a relation to resolve on apparent immigration debate.

scholarly journals Does Climate Change Have Real Negative Impact on Economic Growth in Poor Countries? Evidence from Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Felix Fofana N’Zué ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Growth Change ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of climate change on Cote d’Ivoire’s economic performance via per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth, change in agricultural value added, and change in the country’s cereal yield. The data ranged from 1960 to 2016. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is used to investigate the long run dynamics between climate variables (precipitation and temperature) and the country’s per capita GDP, agricultural value added as % of GDP, and cereal yield. We found that climate change has not significantly impacted the economic performance of the country. However, precipitation has been found to have positively and significantly influenced the country’s cereal yield and agricultural value added contribution to GDP at large, and thus there is no need to worry more than it is necessary.

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