Effect of Drying Time on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Products Filled with Modified Kaolin Prepared from Latex Dipping

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidah Harahap ◽  
Elmer Surya ◽  
Indra Surya ◽  
Baharin Azahari ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Additional Formation

Alkanolamide-modifed kaolin was added into natural rubber latex (NRL) pre-vulcanization system at 70°C and the products were formed into films by coagulant dipping method. The dipped films then were dried at 120°C for 15 and 30 min. The effect of drying time on properties of NRL films such as crosslink density, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break was observed in this study. Results showed that longer drying time improved the properties of NRL films due to the additional formation of crosslink process in the NRL films. The longer drying time swelled the particles more in matrix as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph.

Influence of Modified Cassava Peel Waste (CPW) Loading on Tensile Properties of Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 342-346
Author(s):  
Hamidah Harahap ◽  
Kelvin Hadinatan ◽  
Adrian Hartanto ◽  
Elmer Surya ◽  
Indra Surya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cassava Peel

Cassava peel is one of agricultural waste that abundantly found in environment. One approach to manage this waste is to apply it as filler in natural rubber latex. In this work, the cassava peel waste (CPW) was powdered and dispersed in alkanolamide-water dispersion system to modify its surface. The amount of fillers used was 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 phr (part per hundred rubber) and loaded in natural rubber latex (NRL) formulation system. The products then were formed by dipping method after the NRL formulation was pre-vulcanized at 70°C. The observed parameter includes crosslink density, tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of tensile fracture in NRL film. The results show that 10 phr loading of modified fillers increases the crosslink density, tensile strength, and tensile modulus but decreases the elongation at break. SEM study also reveals that higher filler loading above 10 phr will create the agglomeration in rubber matrix.

Effect of Latex Treatment on Properties of WNRL/PS Blends

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orathai Boondamnoen ◽  
A. Rashid Azura ◽  
Masahiro Ohshima ◽  
Saowaroj Chuayjuljit ◽  
Azlan B. Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tensile Fracture Surface ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Internal Mixer

The waste natural rubber latex was treated with natural rubber latex (TWNRL) prior to blend with polystyrene (PS). The blend was conducted with the ratio of 30/70, 50/50 and 70/30 TWNRL/PS using Haake internal mixer at 140 °C and 60 rpm. The waste natural rubber latex/PS (WNRL/PS) was prepared in the similar procedure. The complex modulus (E*) at various temperature and tensile properties were investigate. The tensile fracture surface was observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results show that the E* of WNRL/PS blends are higher at any temperature compared to TWNRL/PS blend for similar compositiondue to higher network molecules. At 30/70 blends show the tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation at break of TWNRL/PS are higher than WNRL/PS blend due to a better molecule entanglement. Improvement of elongation at break was shown for70/30 TWNRL/PS blend, because of the rearrangement of molecule chains under stress. The SEM observation show the successful improvement of blend morphologies by latex treatment at all composition. Moreover, the SEM micrograph also imply the fracture behavior; more tendril on fracture surface indicating the higher strain needed before failure.

Effect of Aging on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Products Filled with Alkanolamide-Modified Cassava Peel Waste Powder (CPWP)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidah Harahap ◽  
Adrian Hartanto ◽  
Kelvin Hadinatan ◽  
Indra Surya ◽  
Baharin Azahari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cassava Peel

The effect of aging on mechanical properties of natural rubber latex (NRL) products filled with alkanolamide-modified cassava peel waste powder (CPWP) was studied. CPWP used as fillers was prepared by milling and sieving it until the size of 100 mesh. The powder then was dispersed in a suspension containing water and alkanolamide in order to modify the prepared powders. The dispersion system of 10 pphr (part per hundred rubber) then was added into NRL matrix followed by pre-vulcanization at 70°C for 10 minutes. The NRL compound then were casted into films by coagulant dipping method then dried at 120°C for 10 minutes. Afterwards, the films were allowed to cool at room temperature for 24 hours before being aged in a circulation of hot air for 24 hours at 70°C. The properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break were evaluated between the aged samples and the unaged samples. From this study, it showed that the aged films have increasing value of tensile strength and tensile modulus while the value of elongation at break decreases. These datas are supported by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs which indicate that the change of morphology in NRL films occurs before and after aging.

scholarly journals Physicochemical, Thermomechanical, and Swelling Properties of Radiation Vulcanised Natural Rubber Latex Film: Effect of Diospyros peregrina Fruit Extracts

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kazi Md Zakir Hossain ◽  
Nashid Sharif ◽  
N. C. Dafader ◽  
M. E. Haque ◽  
A. M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Control Film

A range of radiation vulcanised natural rubber latex (RVNRL) films were prepared using various concentrations of aqueous extracts of mature Diospyros peregrina fruit, which acted as a cross-linking agent. The surface of the RVNRL films exhibited an aggregated morphology of the rubber hydrocarbon with increasing roughness due to increasing fruit extract contents in the latex. An improvement in tensile strength, tensile modulus, and storage modulus of RVNRL films was observed with the addition of fruit extracts compared to the control film due to their cross-linking effect. The glass transition (Tg) temperature of all the RVNRL films was found to be at around −61.5°C. The films were also observed to be thermally stable up to 325°C, while the maximum decomposition temperature appeared at around 375°C. The incorporation of fruit extracts further revealed a significant influence on increasing the crystallinity, gel content, and physical cross-link density of the RVNRL films.

scholarly journals The effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) / chloroprene rubber (CR) blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Syahrul Fauzi Siregar ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends were investigated. The ALK was synthesized from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine, and incorporated into the silica-filled NR/CR blends as a non-toxic rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the silica-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength at a 1.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling measurement proved that the 1.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the silica-filled NR/CR blends.

scholarly journals Chitosan and Natural Rubber Latex Biocomposite Prepared by Incorporating Negatively Charged Chitosan Dispersion

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2777
Author(s):  
Siwarote Boonrasri ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae–Oui ◽  
Pornchai Rachtanapun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Biocomposite Films ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Biocomposite Film

Generally, natural rubber/chitosan (NR/CT) biocomposites could be prepared by either mixing natural rubber latex (NRL) with CT acid solution or mixing dry NR with CT powder on mixing equipment. In the present work, a new mixing method has been proposed and properties of the obtained NR/CT biocomposites are investigated. CT particles were prepared to have a negative charge that could be dispersed in water by using a ball mill before mixing with NRL. The effects of CT loading varied from 0 to 8 phr on latex properties and physical properties of NR/CT biocomposite films were focused. The results showed that the viscosity of NRL increased with increasing CT loading. With increasing CT loading from 0 to 8 phr, 300% modulus of the NR/CT biocomposite film increased, whereas the opposite trend was found for elongation at break. Additionally, the presence of CT in the biocomposite resulted in an increased elastic modulus (E’) in conjunction with enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

scholarly journals Enhancement of the Antibacterial Activity of Natural Rubber Latex Foam by Blending It with Chitin

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanxi Zhang ◽  
Hui Cao
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chitin Content ◽  
Foaming Process

To enhance the antibacterial activity of natural rubber latex foam (NRLF), chitin was added during the foaming process in amounts of 1–5 phr (per hundred rubber) to prepare an environmentally friendly antibacterial NRLF composite. In this research, NRLF was synthesized by the Dunlop method. The swelling, density, hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, compressive strength and antibacterial activity of the NRLFs were characterized. FTIR and microscopy were used to evaluate the chemical composition and microstructure of the NRLFs. The mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of the NRLF composites were tested and compared with those of pure NRLF. The antibacterial activity was observed by the inhibition zone against E. coli. NRLF composite samples were embedded in a medium before solidification. The experimental results of the inhibition zone indicated that with increasing chitin content, the antibacterial activity of the NRLF composites increased. When the chitin content reached 5 phr, the NRLF composite formed a large and clear inhibition zone in the culture dish. Moreover, the NRLF–5 phr chitin composite improved the antibacterial activity to 281.3% of that of pure NRLF against E. coli.

Electrolyte Effect to Copolymer Grafting of Starch onto Natural Rubber Using Glow Discharge Electrolysis Plasma (GDEP) Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 951 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa Agita ◽  
Bilal Islam Diviva ◽  
Muhammad Abizar Yusa Alfiando ◽  
Biran Gufran ◽  
Mochamad Chalid
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Interesting Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Glow Discharge Electrolysis ◽  
Glow Discharge Electrolysis Plasma

Natural rubber has an important role in many applications such as tyre products due to excellent elasticity and high friction causing wear on the tire and leading to energy dissipation in the form of heat and noise. Although reinforcing both inorganic and organic fillers can be a solution, it generally needs expensive coupling agent. Finding an excellent coupling agent by considering to environmentally friendly materials and economic aspect, is an interesting study. This study reported modification of natural rubber through copolymer grafting of starch onto natural rubber latex using Glow Discharge Electrolysis Plasma (GDEP) with varying of electrolyte. The experimental indicated that the electrolytes generally give significant effect to percent yield of the hybrid natural rubber-starch product. The highest percent yield is obtained from adding KCl. Addition of the divalent salts such as MgCl2and CaCl2disturbs the process due to reaction the salts with stabilizing system in natural rubber latex. Addition of NaOH is able to enhance the reaction performance with considering the radical elements recombination. The starch part as polar part and the natural rubber as non polar part building up the hybrid natural rubber-starch products, correlate with hydrophilicity and degradation of the both parts. This study results in the lowest contact angle of 54.80, the highest percent yield of 8.6 %,, and the highest starch content in the product of 1.6%.

Preparation and Properties of Acidified Prevulcanized Natural Rubber Latex

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Guang Lu ◽  
He Ping Yu ◽  
Yong Zhou Wang ◽  
Yong Yue Luo ◽  
Zong Qiang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acetic Acid Content ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Aging Resistance

After a maturation of three days at ambient temperature, the sulfur-prevulcanized natural rubber latex (SNRL) was stabilized by 20wt% Peregal O, and then acidified with the 36wt% acetic acid by a ratio of 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 g of 36wt% acetic acid to 100g SNRL, to obtain acidified prevulcanized NR latex (ASNRL) with different acidity, respectively. The viscosity of ASNRL increased, while the nitrogen content decreased, with the increment of acetic acid content and the decrease in pH; for unaged samples, the tensile strength, elongation at break, 300% and 500% moduli of the ASNRL films were only slightly lower than those of SNRL film; however the hot-air aging resistance decreased with the increment of acetic acid content.

Simulation of Irradiation-Based Processing System for Natural Rubber Vulcanization

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Kittiya Kosaentor ◽  
Ekkachai Kongmon ◽  
Chitrlada Thongbai ◽  
Sakhorn Rimjaem
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Beam Energy ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Electron Beam Energy ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Electron Beam Processing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Vulcanization Process

Natural rubber is an important export product of Thailand, which presently contributes about 40% of global production and export. In order to make the natural rubber latex to be durable material, the proper vulcanization process is needed. In typical vulcanization process, chemical substances are added to improve the rubber properties. This may cause some problems e.g. toxicity, blooming effects and unpresented smell due to the additive substances. Vulcanization using an accelerated electron beam does not need to add possibly toxic chemical compounds, especially sulfur. Thus, it was proved to be an alternative method for high quality natural rubber vulcanization. This paper presents about simulation of electron beam irradiation for natural rubber vulcanization with variable electron beam energy and current of 0.5-4 MeV and 10-100 mA, respectively. These ranges of the electron beam energy and current will give adjustable absorb dose, which is the most important parameter for electron beam processing. The absorb energy and its distribution in the natural rubber latex are simulated by using a Monte Carlo method program, GEometry ANd Tracking 4 (GEANT4), with the aim to find the optimal conditions of electron beam properties for sufficient natural rubber vulcanization. Study results of the energy distribution for electron beam penetration in the natural rubber latex are presented and discussed in this paper.

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