Characteristics of Ion Concentration in the Atmospheric Particles in Harbin

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1439-1442
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Hui Ling Duan ◽  
Li Kun Huang ◽  
Wen Shuai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Particle ◽  
Water Soluble Inorganic Ions

We analyzed characteristics and concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions based on fixed routine collection of atmospheric particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) samples in Harbin during August 2008 and May 2009. The samplers we sampling is produced by Wuhan Tianhong Intelligent Instrument, we analyzed the water-soluble inorganic ions by using Ion Chromatographic (IC, DX120, Diana, USA) and Indicative Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES, Model 5300, Perkin Elmer, USA). The research showed that: SO42-, NO3-, NH4+ were the top three concentrated of the water-soluble inorganic ions ,the average concentrations were 10.3 μg/m3, 5.8 μg/m3, 8.2 μg/m3 respectively during sampling. Ca2+ was higher in the particulate > 2.5μm, while SO42- and NH4+ were higher in the particulate < 2.5μm, the correlation analysis inferred that the main form of SO42- in atmospheric particle was ammonium sulfate.

scholarly journals Seasonal Control of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in PM2.5 from Nanning, a Subtropical Monsoon Climate City in Southwestern China

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Chenkui Long ◽  
Zhongyi Zhang ◽  
Nengjian Zheng ◽  
Huayun Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Automobile Emissions ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Water Soluble Inorganic Ions ◽  
Subtropical Monsoon Climate

In this study, we measured the daily water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) concentration (including SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, Ca2+, K+, Cl−, Na+, Mg2+, and F−) of PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) throughout the year in Nanning (a typical subtropical monsoon climate city in southwestern China) to explore the influence of seasonal climate change on the properties of PM2.5 pollution. This suggested that SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ were the main component of WSIIs in Nanning. Secondary inorganic ions from fossil fuel combustion, agricultural activities, and automobile emissions were the main contributors to PM2.5, contributing more than 60% to PM2.5. Compared with the wet season, the contributions of different sources increased in the dry season (including pollution days); of these sources, automobile emissions and coal combustion emissions increased the most (about nine times and seven times, respectively). Seasonal weather and climate change affected the concentration level of WSIIs. During the wet season, higher temperatures and abundant rainfalls contributed to the volatilization and removal of WSIIs in PM2.5, while in the dry season and on pollution days, lower temperatures and less precipitation, higher emissions, and poor diffusion conditions contributed to the accumulation of WSIIs in PM2.5. NH4HSO4, (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 were the main chemical forms of secondary inorganic ions. Sufficient NH3, intense solar radiation, and moist particulate matter surface promoted the formation of secondary inorganic ions. The higher temperature contributed to the volatilization of secondary inorganic ions.

scholarly journals An inter-laboratory comparison of aerosol in organic ion measurements by Ion Chromatography: implications for aerosol pH estimate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingsha Xu ◽  
Shaojie Song ◽  
Roy M. Harrison ◽  
Congbo Song ◽  
Lianfang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Ions ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Aerosol Acidity ◽  
Water Soluble Inorganic Ions ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. Water soluble inorganic ions such as ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate are major components of fine aerosols in the atmosphere and are widely used in the estimation of aerosol acidity. However, different experimental practices and instrumentation may lead to uncertainties in ion concentrations. Here, an inter-comparison experiment was conducted in 10 different laboratories (labs) to investigate the consistency of inorganic ion concentrations and resultant aerosol acidity estimates using the same set of aerosol filter samples. The results mostly exhibited good agreement for major ions Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ and K+. However, F−, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were observed with more variations across the different labs. The Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) data of non-refractory SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ generally correlated very well with the filter analysis based data in our study, but the absolute concentrations differ by up to 42 %. Cl− from the two methods are correlated but the concentration differ by more than 3 times. The analyses of certified reference materials (CRMs) generally showed good recovery of all ions in all the labs, the majority of which ranged between 90 % and 110 %. Better agreements were found for Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ and K+ across the labs after their concentrations were corrected with CRM recoveries; the coefficient of variation (CV) of Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ and K+ decreased 1.7 %, 3.4 %, 3.4 %, 1.2 % and 2.6 %, respectively, after CRM correction. We found that the ratio of anion to cation equivalent concentrations (AE/CE) is not a good indicator for aerosol acidity estimates, as the results in different labs did not agree well with each other. Ion balance (anions – cations) calculated from SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ gave more consistent results, because of their relatively large concentrations and good agreement among different labs. In situ aerosol pH calculated from the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model with measured ion and ammonia concentrations showed a similar trend and good agreement across the 10 labs. Our results indicate that although there are important uncertainties in aerosol ion concentration measurements, the estimated aerosol pH from the ISORROPIA-II model is more consistent.

scholarly journals Assessments of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions and Heavy Metals in Atmospheric Dustfall and Topsoil in Lanzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2970
Author(s):  
Yingquan Li ◽  
Baowei Zhao ◽  
Kaixiang Duan ◽  
Juexian Cai ◽  
Wujiang Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Lanzhou City ◽  
Atmospheric Particle ◽  
Water Soluble Inorganic Ions ◽  
And Control

The chemical features of atmospheric dustfall and topsoil in the same region could reflect the processes of the migration, transport, and diffusion of pollutants in the atmospheric-soil system. Samples of atmospheric dustfall and topsoil were collected in Lanzhou City. The contents and correlation of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) and heavy metals in dustfall and topsoil were analyzed, the sources of heavy metals and WSIIs in dustfall were distinguished, and the potential ecological risks of heavy metals in dustfall and topsoil were evaluated. The highest contents of WSIIs are SO42− (18,594 mg·kg−1) and Ca2+ (10,070 mg·kg−1) in dustfall, and for SO42− (8271 mg·kg−1) and Na+ (1994 mg·kg−1) in topsoil. The concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Ni) in dustfall are considerably higher than those in topsoil. Combustion of biomass and coal, transportation and industrial activities are the major anthropogenic sources of WSIIs and heavy metals in Lanzhou. Pollution of heavy metals except Cr and Ni in dustfall, and Cu, Cr, and Ni in topsoil was up to different degrees, where the pollution of Cd was serious. The risk of Cd in dustfall is high while moderate in topsoil. This research could offer a reference for the atmospheric particle pollution prevention and control in Lanzhou.

scholarly journals Arsenoplatin-Ferritin Nanocage: Structure and Cytotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1874
Author(s):  
Giarita Ferraro ◽  
Alessandro Pratesi ◽  
Damiano Cirri ◽  
Paola Imbimbo ◽  
Daria Maria Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Arsenoplatin-1 (AP-1), the prototype of a novel class of metallodrugs containing a PtAs(OH)2 core, was encapsulated within the apoferritin (AFt) nanocage. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy measurements confirmed metallodrug encapsulation and allowed us to determine the average amount of AP-1 trapped inside the cage. The X-ray structure of AP-1-encapsulated AFt was solved at 1.50 Å. Diffraction data revealed that an AP-1 fragment coordinates the side chain of a His residue. The biological activity of AP-1-loaded AFt was comparatively tested on a few representative cancer and non-cancer cell lines. Even though the presence of the cage reduces the overall cytotoxicity of AP-1, it improves its selectivity towards cancer cells.

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