Development of Biodegradable Mg-Ti Alloy Synthesized Using Mechanical Alloying

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emee Marina Salleh ◽  
Sivakumar Ramakrishnan ◽  
Zuhailawati Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Milled Powder ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Argon Flow ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Ti Powder

The aim of this work was to study the effect of milling time on binary magnesium-titanium (Mg-Ti) alloy synthesized by mechanical alloying. A powder mixture of Mg and Ti with the composition of Mg-15wt%Ti was milled in a planetary mill under argon atmosphere using a stainless steel container and balls. Milling process was carried out at 400 rpm for various milling time of 2, 5, 10, 15 and 30 hours. 3% n-heptane solution was added prior to milling process to avoid excessive cold welding of the powder. Then, as-milled powder was compacted under 400 MPa and sintered in a tube furnace at 500 °C in argon flow. The refinement analysis of the x-ray diffraction patterns shows the presence of Mg-Ti solid solution when Mg-Ti powder was mechanically milled for 15 hours and further. Enhancements of Mg-Ti phase formation with a reduction in Mg crystallite size were observed with the increase in milling time. A prolonged milling time has increased the density and hardness of the sintered Mg-Ti alloy.

Obtaining of the Ir-Al Nanocrystalline Powders by Mechanical Alloying

2011 ◽  
Vol 672 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Ionel Chicinaş ◽  
P. Cârlan ◽  
Florin Popa ◽  
Virgiliu Călin Prică ◽  
Lidia Adriana Sorcoi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powders ◽  
Alloy Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Homogeneity ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The Ir-Al powder in the 1:1 atomic ratio was obtained by high energy mechanical alloying in a Pulverisette 4 Fritch planetary mill. The final product was obtained after 28 h of milling in argon atmosphere. Alloy formation was investigated by X-ray diffraction. After 4 h of milling the new structure of IrAl compound is found in the diffraction patterns. The obtained powders are nanocrystalline with a mean crystallite size of 11 nm after 28 h of milling. The particle morphology and the chemical homogeneity were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX). It was found that the obtained compound present large particles composed by smaller one.

Nickel Silicides Synthesized by High Energy Ball Milling

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1625-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Shun Ji ◽  
Qin Ma ◽  
Tie Ming Guo ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Jian Gang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microstructure Morphology ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The high energy ball milling of Ni-50 atom % Si elemental powder mixtures was carried out using a planetary mill. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phase evolutions during the high energy ball milling period. The microstructure morphology of the powders milled different time was determined by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The beginning time of mechanical alloying was determined by back scattered electrons (BSE) images. The XRD patterns showed that the nickel peaks intensity and the silicon peaks intensity obviously decreased with milling time increased to 1 hour. BSE images revealed that nickel and silicon powders were not blended uniformly for 1 hour of milling. It was found that NiSi formed as the milling time increased to 5 hours, simultaneously, the nickel peaks and the silicon peaks almost disappeared. That means the obvious mechanical alloying started from 5 hours of milling. BSE images agreed with the result analyzed from XRD patterns. With the milling time further increased from 10 to 75 hours, the NiSi peaks decreased gradually, at the same time, the Ni2Si peaks appeared and then increased gradually.

Study of Nanocrystalline NiAl Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

2012 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gherib ◽  
A. Otmani ◽  
A. Djekoun ◽  
A. Bouasla ◽  
M. Poulain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size Refinement ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Kinetics Of

Nanostructured Powders of Ni-20wt%Al and Ni-50wt%Al Were Prepared, by Mechanical Alloying under an Argon Atmosphere, from Elemental Ni and Al Powders Using a Planetary Ball Mill (type Fritsch P7) for Different Times (0.5-24h).). Microstructural and Structural Features of the Final Products Were Characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). the Results of the XRD Shows the Formation of the B2 (Ni Al) Phase after 2 Hours of Milling for both Systems. Also Detected Was the Ni3al Phase in Ni80al20after 4 Hours. Crystallite Size Refinement of the Final Product Occurred down to Nanometer Scales when the Milling Time Increased, and Attained 17 Nm in the Ni50al50System and 20 Nm in the other System, at 24 Hours. this Decrease in Crystallite Size Is Accompanied by an Increase in the Interval Level Strain. the Kinetics of Al Dissolution during the Milling Process of Ni50al50System Can Be Described by Two Regimes, Characterised by Different Values of Avrami Parameters which Are Calculated by Using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami Formalism.

Characterization of Binary Mg-Mn Alloy Synthesized through Mechanical Alloying: Effects of Milling Speed

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emee Marina Salleh ◽  
Sivakumar Ramakrishan ◽  
Zuhailawati Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milled Powder ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Solid Solution Phase ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Bulk Properties ◽  
Solid State Route

In this work, the effect of the milling speed on the properties of biodegradable Mg-1Mn alloy prepared by mechanical alloying was investigated. The magnesium-based alloy was prepared in solid state route using a high energy planetary mill. A mixture of pure magnesium and manganese powder was mechanically alloyed for 5 hours in argon atmosphere. Milling process was performed at various rotational speeds in order to investigate milling speed effect (i.e., 100, 200, 300 and 400 rpm) on phase formation and bulk properties. The as-milled powder was uniaxially compacted by cold pressing under 400 MPa at room temperature and sintered in argon atmosphere at 500 °C for an hour. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that a single α-Mg phase was formed in magnesium matrix after sintering process. An increase in milling speed up to 300 rpm resulted in an increase in density and hardness of the binary alloy. The changes of bulk properties of the Mg-Mn alloys were correlated to the formation of solid solution phase and a reduction of porosity which led to an increasing in densification.

SYNTHESIS OF AMORPHOUS/NANOCRYSTALLINE Ni–Ti POWDERS BY USING LOW ENERGY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. VERDIAN ◽  
M. SALEHI ◽  
K. RAEISSI
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Nanocrystalline Structure ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Solid Solution Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Direct Formation ◽  
Phase Intermetallic ◽  
Ti Powder

An amorphous/nanocrystalline 50 Ni –50 Ti powder was produced from elemental Ti and Ni powders by solid state synthesis utilizing low energy mechanical alloying with times up to 100 h. The morphology, microstructure, and phase composition of the milling products were evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results indicated that there was no chemical reaction between the elements during the milling process, which led to the direct formation of an amorphous/nanocrystalline structure without any intermediate phase (intermetallic and/or solid solution phase) formation. It seems that the second kind of amorphization process proposed by Weeber and Bakker is governed. It was shown that the formation of amorphous phase was started after 80 h and developed during the milling for 100 h.

DSC-TGA Hydrogen Evaluation during Mechanical Milling of AlFe Intermetallic

2013 ◽  
Vol 755 ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. García de León M. ◽  
O. Téllez-Vázquez ◽  
C. Patiño-Carachure ◽  
G. Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Fe40Al60 (at%) intermetallic alloy composition was obtained by conventional casting methods and subsequently subjected to high-energy mechanical milling under different conditions of humidity. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), transmission electron microcopy (TEM) and DSC-TGA thermogravimetric experiments. After the milling process, the amount of hydrogen generated was determined using thermogravimetric analysis and chemical reactions (stoichiometry). All techniques confirm the formation of bayerite phase which is attributed to the hydrogen embrittlement reaction between the intermetallic material and water to release hydrogen. It was observed that the hydrogen generation is increased as the ball milling time is increased. The quantity of hydrogen evaluated is similar to that obtained in previous reported experiments with pure aluminum and some of its alloys.

scholarly journals Evolution of Face-Centered Cubic Ti Alloys Transformation by X-ray Diffraction Profile Analysis in Mechanical Alloying

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1841
Author(s):  
Edgar Pio ◽  
Ariosto Medina ◽  
Carola Martínez ◽  
Felipe Manuel Castro Cerda ◽  
Claudio Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Profile ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Face Centered

Four titanium alloys (Ti-Ta, Ti-Ta-Sn, Ti-Ta-Mn, and Ti-Nb-Sn) were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) in a planetary mill in different times between 2 h and 100 h. The microstructure characterization was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), in which the Rietveld method was applied to analyze the diffraction patterns. The study demonstrated that after short milling times between 2 h and 30 h, the fraction of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase decreases; at the same time, the formation of body-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) Ti phases are promoted. Additionally, after 30 h of MA, the full transformation of hcp-Ti was observed, and the bcc-Ti to fcc-Ti phase transformation took place until 50 h. The results suggest that the addition of Ta and Sn promotes the fcc-Ti phase formation, obtaining 100% of this phase at 50 h onwards, whereas Nb and Mn show the opposite effect.

Phase transformations and microstructural evolution in nanocrystalline Fe71B23Nb6 alloy prepared by mechanical alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Chemingui ◽  
Chahida Mnasri ◽  
Christelle Nivot ◽  
Arnaud Tricoteaux ◽  
Yannick Lorgouilloux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Prepared Alloy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract A new nanocrystalline Fe71B23Nb6 alloy powder was prepared by mechanical alloying. The phase transformation and morphological and microstructural properties of the as-prepared alloy were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, laser granulometry, and X-ray diffraction with respect to the milling time (0- 200 h). During the milling process, it was observed that the dissolution of Nb and B atoms into the Fe matrix formed solid solutions of Fe (Nb), Fe (B), Fe23B6, Fe2B, and Fe (Nb, B). Moreover, the insertion of B atoms into the Nb network generated the Nb (B) phase. Furthermore, the minimum crystallite size was measured as approximately 1 nanometer. In addition, the dislocation density gradually increased with the extension of the milling time, and the crystallization of the partially amorphous phase occurred after 200 h of milling.

The Effect of Milling Time and Sintering Temperature on Synthesis of PbTiO3 by Mechanical Alloying

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Rindang Fajarin ◽  
Hariyati Purwaningsih ◽  
Febri Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multilayer Actuator

PbTiO3is one of electroceramic materials which can be applied for electronics and microelectronics due to their dielectric, pyroelectric, and piezoelectric properties. The members of PbTiO3-based ferroelectrics are widely used in multilayer, actuator and sensor capacitor. At room temperature, PbTiO3has a tetragonal perovskite structure. In this research, PbTiO3particles are synthesized by mechanical alloying method with variation of milling time and sintering temperature. The milling time variation is taken for 10, 20 and 30 hours. Sintering temperature variation is performed at 850, 900 and 1000°C. The powders used in the milling process are PbO and TiO2powders. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy–Electron Difraction X-ray (SEM-EDX) are performed to analyze the formation of PbTiO3phase. It is found that the synthesized powders contain 100% PbTiO3phase for all sintering temperatures. The PbTiO3particles have agglomeration shape with a broad particle size. The electrical properties of PbTiO3are measured using electrical test device. Electricity test analysis shows that the synthesized PbTiO3behaves as semiconductor-like.

Syntheses of the Ni3Ti, NiTi, and NiTi2 Compounds by Mechanical Alloying

2006 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Martins ◽  
Bruno Bacci Fernandes ◽  
Erika Coaglia Trindade Ramos ◽  
Gilbert Silva ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Amorphous Structures ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Ti Powder ◽  
Milled Powders

The aim of this work is to prepare the Ni3Ti, NiTi, and NiTi2 compounds by mechanical alloying from elemental Ni-25at.%Ti, Ni-50at.%Ti, and Ni-66.6at.%Ti powder mixtures. The milling process was carried out in a planetary ball mill under argon atmosphere using a rotary speed of 200rpm, stainless steel balls (10 and 19 mm diameters) and vials (225mL), and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1. Following, the milled powders were heat treated at 900oC for 1h in order to attain the equilibrium microstructures. The milled powders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and microanalysis via EDS. Similar ball milling behavior of Ni-Ti powders was noted in this work, e.g., a pronounced cold-welding between ductile powders occurred during the initial milling times. The Ni3Ti, NiTi, and NiTi2 compounds were synthesized after milling for 30h. Atomic disordering of the NiTi and NiTi2 compounds was achieved, and amorphous structures were then formed in Ni-50Ti e Ni-66.6Ti powders milled for 60h and 210h, respectively. Homogeneous matrixes constituted by the Ni3Ti, NiTi, and NiTi2 phases were formed in Ni-Ti powders after heat treatments at 900oC for 1h. Iron contamination lower than 2 at-% was measured by EDS analysis in heat-treated Ni-Ti alloys.

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