Characterization of Ni-P and Ni-P-Al2O3 Heat Treated Layers

2017 ◽  
Vol 1143 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Lucica Balint ◽  
Gina Genoveva Istrate
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Initial State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After

Research has shown the relationship among hardness, usage and corrosion resistance Ni-P-Al2O3 composite coatings on steel support heat treated. The electroless strips were heat treated at 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C and 600°C. Further studies on corrosion, hardness and usage revealed changes in properties, compared to the initial state, both on the strips coated with Ni-P and the ones coated with Ni-P-Al2O3 composite. The samples have been studied before and after the heat treatment via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results show that untreated Ni-P layers exhibit strong corrosion resistance, while hardness and usage increase with heat treatment temperature, with a peak at 400 °C. Using suspended particles co-deposition, led to new types of layers, some with excellent hardness and usage properties. Corrosion resistance increase with heat treatment. Coating layers can be adjusted to the desired characteristics, by selecting proper parameters for the expected specific results.

Copper(I) Halide Nanoparticle-dispersed Glasses Prepared by Copper Staining

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2480-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Kadono ◽  
Tatsuya Suetsugu ◽  
Takeshi Ohtani ◽  
Toshihiko Einishi ◽  
Takashi Tarumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Glass Heat

Copper(I) chloride and bromide nanoparticle-dispersed glasses were prepared by means of a conventional copper staining. The staining was performed by the following process: copper stain was applied on the surfaces of Cl−- or Br−-ion-containing borosilicate glasses, and the glasses were heat-treated at 510 °C for various times. Typical exciton bands observed in the absorption spectra of the glasses after the heat treatment indicated that CuCl and CuBr particles were formed in the surface region of the glasses. The average sizes of the CuCl and CuBr particles in the glasses heat-treated for 48 h were estimated at 4.8 and 2.7 nm, respectively. The nanoparticles were also characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Depth profiles of Cu and CuBr concentration in the glass heat-treated for 48 h were measured. Copper decreased in concentration monotonously with depth, reaching up to 60 μm, while the CuBr concentration had a maximum at about 25 μm in depth.

Heat Treatment of Nanocrystalline Al2O3-Zr02

1996 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget M. Smyser ◽  
Jane F. Connelly ◽  
Richard D. Sisson ◽  
Virgil Provenzano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated

ABSTRACTThe effects of grain size on the phase transformations in nanocrystalline ZrO2-Al2O3 have been experimentally investigated. Compositions from 10 to 50 vol% Al2O3 in ZrO2 were obtained as a hydroxide gel. The powders were then calcined at 600 °C for 17 hours and heat treated at 1100 °C for 24 and 120 hours and at 1200 °C for 2 hours. The phase distribution and grain size were determined using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The initial grain size after calcining was 8–17 nm. It was determined that the critical ZrO2 grain size to avoid the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation on cooling from 1100 °C was between 17 and 25 nm. Samples containing 50% Al2O3 maintained a grain size below the critical size for all times and temperatures. The 30% Al2O3 samples showed the same behavior in all but one heat treatment. The remainder of the samples showed significant grain growth and at least partial transformation to the monoclinic phase.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Ni-P/BN(h) Composite Coatings

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 3362-3366
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang Peng ◽  
Ling Ling Zhu ◽  
You Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pulse Electroplating ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Precipitated Phases

The Ni-P/ BN(h) composite coatings were prepared by pulse electroplating,and were heat treated at temperature of 200～400°C.The microstructure of the composite coatings was identified by X-ray diffraction,the corrosion behavior of the composite coatings in 3.5%NaCl and 10%H2SO4 solutions was investigated by the linear polarization measurements and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The results show that the as-deposited is an amorphous structure,the precipitated phases are Ni12P5 and Ni5P2 metastable state phases when heat treatment temperature is below 300°C,the precipitated phases is Ni3P stable state phase heat-treated at 400°C，the composite coating was crystallized in great degree.Both the as-deposited and heat treated composite coatings revealed best corrosion resistance in 3.5%NaCl and 10%H2SO4 solutions.

Effect of MnFe2O4 and the Heat Treatment Temperature on the Bioactive Glass Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Thanaporn Boonchoo ◽  
Pratthana Intawin ◽  
Wilaiwan Leenakul
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

In this study, the effects of heat treatment temperatures on structural and magnetic properties in MnFe2O4(MF)/SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 (bioglass) bioactive glass ceramics were investigated. The MF/SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 bioactive glass ceramics were fabricated under various heat treatment temperatures in a range of 600-1000 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to characterize phase and microstructure. The magnetic properties were determined from Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The X-ray diffraction peaks presented two major crystalline phases: MnFe2O4 and Na2Ca2Si3O9. It was found that the heat treatment temperatures are the most influential parameter on microstructure and magnetic properties of the bioactive glass ceramics. The highest magnetic properties of studied ceramics were found in the sample heated at 1000 °C with adding 20 wt%. MF. The microstructural properties of the studies samples were investigated and the results were then correlated with the characteristics of heat treatment temperatures as well as the microstructure of the bioactive glass ceramic.

scholarly journals Fast diffusion of silver in TiO2 nanotube arrays

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1129-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanggang Zhang ◽  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Diaoyu Zhou ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Lattice Diffusion ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
Fast Diffusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Using magnetron sputtering and heat treatment, Ag@TiO2 nanotubes are prepared. The effects of heat-treatment temperature and heating time on the evolution of Ag nanofilms on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes and microstructure of Ag nanofilms are investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Ag atoms migrate mainly on the outmost surface of the TiO2 nanotubes, and fast diffusion of Ag atoms is observed. The diffusivity for the diffusion of Ag atoms on the outmost surface of the TiO2 nanotubes at 400 °C is 6.87 × 10−18 m2/s, which is three orders of magnitude larger than the diffusivities for the diffusion of Ag through amorphous TiO2 films. The activation energy for the diffusion of Ag atoms on the outmost surface of the TiO2 nanotubes in the temperature range of 300 to 500 °C is 157 kJ/mol, which is less than that for the lattice diffusion of Ag and larger than that for the grain boundary diffusion. The diffusion of Ag atoms leads to the formation of Ag nanocrystals on the outmost surface of TiO2 nanotubes. Probably there are hardly any Ag nanocrystals formed inside the TiO2 nanotubes through the migration of Ag.

scholarly journals Nanomechanical Behavior, Adhesion and Corrosion Resistance of Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Orthopedic Implant Applications

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Kaouther Khlifi ◽  
Hafedh Dhiflaoui ◽  
Amir Ben Rhouma ◽  
Joël Faure ◽  
Hicham Benhayoune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Coatings ◽  
Adhesion Behavior ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scratch Tests

The aim of this work was to investigate the nanomechanical, adhesion and corrosion resistance of hydroxyapatite (HAP) coatings. The electrodeposition process was used to elaborate the HAP coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy. The effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration H2O2 on the electrolyte and the heat treatment was studied. Surface morphology of HAP coatings was assessed, before and after heat treatment, by scanning electron microscopy associated with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDXS). Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the coatings’ phases and composition. Nanoindentation and scratch tests were performed for nanomechanical and adhesion behavior analysis. The corrosion resistance of the uncoated, the as-deposited, and the heat-treated coatings was investigated by electrochemical test. The obtained results revealed that, with 9% of H2O2 and after heat treatment, the HAP film exhibited a compact and homogeneous microstructure. The film also showed a crystal growth: stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HAP) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). After heat treatment, the nanomechanical properties (H, E) were increased from 117 ± 7 MPa and 24 ± 1 GPa to 171 ± 10 MPa and 38 ± 1.5 GPa respectively. Critical loads (LC1, LC2, and LC3) were increased from 0.78 ± 0.04, 1.6 ± 0.01, and 4 ± 0.23 N to 1.45 ± 0.08, 2.46 ± 0.14, and 4.35 ± 0.25 N (respectively). Furthermore, the adhesion strength increased from 8 to 13 MPa after heat treatment. The HAP heat-treated samples showed higher corrosion resistance (Rp = 65.85 kΩ/cm2; Icorr = 0.63 µA/cm2; Ecorr = −167 mV/ECS) compared to as-deposited and uncoated samples.

scholarly journals TEM study of precipitation in a Nial-3Ti-0.5Hf single-crystal alloy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
A. Garg ◽  
R. D. Noebe ◽  
J. M. Howe ◽  
A. W. Wilson ◽  
V. Levit
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated

Three directionally solidified NiAl single-crystal alloys, NiAl-3Ti, NiAl-0.5Hf and NiAl-3Ti-0.5Hf (at.%), were grown by a Bridgeman technique using high purity alumina crucibles. The ingots were homogenized for 32h at 1644 K followed by aging for 6h at 1255 K and finally furnace cooled under an argon atmosphere. This heat treatment was found to be very effective in dissolving Hf-rich interdendritic particles that were present in the as-cast structure, and at the same time it produced fine second-phase precipitates in the alloy.Samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared from 3 mm diameter cylinders electro-discharge machined from the heat-treated ingots. Slices sectioned from the cylinders were mechanically ground and electrochemically thinned in a twin-jet Tenupol-3 polisher. Microstructural and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) studies were conducted in a Philips 400T TEM equipped with a double tilt goniometer and a KEVEX Si/Li X-ray detector.

Characterization of electroplated Ni/SiC and Ni/Al2O3 composite coatings bearing nanoparticles

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1566-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Chang Wang ◽  
Wen-Cheng J. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Al2o3 Composite ◽  
Sulfamate Bath

Ultrafine SiC and Al2O3 particles with 30–50 nm sizes were used to codeposit with Ni in a sulfamate bath to form composite coatings. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the layers were investigated by x-ray diffractometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, microindentation, and wear testing. The microstructural results revealed that 7 vol% of SiC or Al2O3 particles dispersed randomly in the Ni matrix. The addition of the ultrafine SiC or Al2O3powder into the Ni matrix apparently reduced the size of Ni grains during the electroplating and inhibited the grain growth during heat treatment. The microhardness and wear resistance were improved by the addition of SiC and Al2O3 particles, especially for SiC/Ni samples after heat treatment at 400 °C for 24 h. The mechanisms of hardening and wearing of Ni-based electroplated layers are discussed.

The Precipitation of Si in AlCuSi Thin Films

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Before And After

Aluminum-copper-silicon thin films have been considered as an interconnection metallurgy for integrated circuit applications. Various schemes have been proposed to incorporate small percent-ages of silicon into films that typically contain two to five percent copper. We undertook a study of the total effect of silicon on the aluminum copper film as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and ion microprobe techniques as a function of the various deposition methods.X-ray investigations noted a change in solid solution concentration as a function of Si content before and after heat-treatment. The amount of solid solution in the Al increased with heat-treatment for films with ≥2% silicon and decreased for films <2% silicon.

The effect of small additions of Cu on precipitation in Al-Mg-Si alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-443
Author(s):  
M. Tamizifar ◽  
G. Cliff ◽  
R.W. Devenish ◽  
G.W. Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission

Small additions of copper, <1 wt%, have a pronounced effect on the ageing response of Al-Mg-Si alloys. The object of the present investigation was to study the effect of additions of copper up to 0.5 wt% on the ageing response of a series of Al-Mg-Si alloys and to use high resolution analytical electron microscopy to determine the composition of the age hardening precipitates.The composition of the alloys investigated is given in Table 1. The alloys were heat treated in an argon atmosphere for 30m, water quenched and immediately aged either at 180°C for 15 h or given a duplex treatment of 180°C for 15 h followed by 350°C for 2 h2. The double-ageing treatment was similar to that carried out by Dumolt et al. Analyses of the precipitation were carried out with a HB 501 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope. X-ray peak integrals were converted into weight fractions using the ratio technique of Cliff and Lorimer.

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