The Effect of the pH Value of Wood on the Curing Reaction of Low Toxic Urea-Formaldehyde Resin

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1263-1266
Author(s):  
Li Bin Zhu ◽  
Ji You Gu ◽  
Yan Hua Zhang ◽  
Jun Shen

The differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) was used to study the curing reaction of low toxic UF resin with poplar, birch, larch powder in different pH value. The results showed that the effect of different wood flour and its pH value on the curing reaction of UF resin was not the same. Along with the increase of the pH, the peak temperature and the onset temperature was raised; the peak temperature and the onset temperature of poplar was higher than that of the birch. The tempera- ture of the curing reaction of UF resin modified by melamine was higher than the UF resin without modification.

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1447-1450
Author(s):  
Shu Min Wang ◽  
Jun You Shi

Curing characteristics of low-toxicity urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin in different curing system were studied by differential scanning carlorimetry (DSC). Test results showed that the initial orterminal temperature and activation energy needed of curing reaction for low-toxicity UF resin were different in different curing system. The initial temperature of curing reaction for low-toxicity UF resin and activation energy were the lowest, and exotherm was most under curing system C, which showed the acceleration of curing system C on low-toxicity UF resin was best. The appropriate curing system can be optimized and applied for hot-press process in practical production by means of DSC to investigate curing characteristics of low-toxicity UF resin.


2012 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Gui Hua Chen ◽  
Jian Han ◽  
Xiao Huan Zhang

This study aimed at exploring a producing method of urea-formaldehyde resin that contained low free formaldehyde. Effects of the pH value of addition stage, the pH value and the temperature of polycondensation stage on the properties of the resin were analyzed. The experimental results showed that controlling the pH value of addition stage to 7.5-8.0, regulating the pH value of polycondensation stage to 4.8-5.1, and keeping the temperature of polycondensation stage to 88-92°C, a low toxic urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive was obtained which contained free formaldehyde 0.08%. Using this resin adhesive, the bonding strength of the plywood reached 1.7MPa, formaldehyde emission of the plywood was 0.7mg/l, reaching the grade E1.


RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (40) ◽  
pp. 25010-25017
Author(s):  
Li Lu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Tianhua Li ◽  
Supeng Wang ◽  
Shoulu Yang ◽  
...  

Reactions between CaCO3 and CH2O2 during polycondensation of UF resin produce Ca2+. Ionic bond complexation binds Ca2+ with UF resin. The UF resin crystalline percentage decreases from 26.86% to 22.71%. IB strength of resin bonded fiberboard increases from 0.75 to 0.94 MPa.


Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Xing ◽  
S.Y. Zhang ◽  
J. Deng

Abstract Knowledge of pH and buffering capacity of raw fiber materials is important for understanding the effects of raw material on the curing rate of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin, used for panel manufacturing, especially with some less-desirable wood materials such as bark, top, and commercial thinnings. The effects of pH and buffering capacity as well as catalyst content on the gel time of UF resin were investigated. The results obtained from this study indicate that bark has a lower pH value as well as higher acid and alkaline buffering capacities than wood of the same species due to their extractives. The pH values of the raw fiber materials studied decrease with increased absolute and relative acid buffering capacity due to the increased absolute acidity mass in the solution. At lower levels of added catalyst, the effect of raw material pH on UF resin gel time is significant, while it is insignificant at higher catalyst contents. This may be due to the acidity of wood, which is the main acid catalyst source of the mixture at lower levels of added catalyst, while at higher levels, catalyst is the main source. With higher catalyst contents, all studied raw materials mixed with UF resin result in a longer gel time than does UF resin alone.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid R. Taghiyari ◽  
Abolfazl Soltani ◽  
Ayoub Esmailpour ◽  
Vahid Hassani ◽  
Hamed Gholipour ◽  
...  

An issue in engineered wood products, like oriented strand lumber (OSL), is the low thermal conductivity coefficient of raw material, preventing the fast transfer of heat into the core of composite mats. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of sepiolite at nanoscale with aspect ratio of 1:15, in mixture with urea-formaldehyde resin (UF), and its effect on thermal conductivity coefficient of the final panel. Sepiolite was mixed with UF resin for 20 min prior to being sprayed onto wood strips in a rotary drum. Ten percent of sepiolite was mixed with the resin, based on the dry weight of UF resin. OSL panels with two resin contents, namely 8% and 10%, were manufactured. Temperature was measured at the core section of the mat at 5-second intervals, using a digital thermometer. The thermal conductivity coefficient of OSL specimens was calculated based on Fourier’s Law for heat conduction. With regard to the fact that an improved thermal conductivity would ultimately be translated into a more effective polymerization of the resin, hardness of the panel was measured, at different depths of penetration of the Janka ball, to find out how the improved conductivity affected the hardness of the produced composite panels. The measurement of core temperature in OSL panels revealed that sepiolite-treated panels with 10% resin content had a higher core temperature in comparison to the ones containing 8% resin. Furthermore, it was revealed that the addition of sepiolite increased thermal conductivity in OSL panels made with 8% and 10% resin contents, by 36% and 40%, respectively. The addition of sepiolite significantly increased hardness values in all penetration depths. Hardness increased as sepiolite content increased. Considering the fact that the amount of sepiolite content was very low, and therefore it could not physically impact hardness increase, the significant increase in hardness values was attributed to the improvement in the thermal conductivity of panels and subsequent, more complete, curing of resin.


2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
T. Maity ◽  
B.C. Samanta

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to check effectiveness of amine functional chloroaniline acetaldehyde condensate (AFCAC) as a new curing agent for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) resin. For this purpose, first AFCAC was synthesised, characterised and then curing reaction was carried out. Design/methodology/approach – Equimolecular mixture of AFCAC and DGEBA was subjected to curing reaction, and the reaction was followed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The kinetic studies of this curing reaction were also carried out from those DSC exotherms. The mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of cured epoxy were also reported. Findings – DSC results reflected the effective first order curing reaction of AFCAC with epoxy resin. Mechanical properties reflected appreciable rigidity of AFCAC cured epoxy matrix and TGA showed that the cured epoxy networks were thermally stable up to around 297°C. Research limitations/implications – The curing agent AFCAC was synthesised by using chloroaniline and acetaldehyde in acid medium. There are some limitations for this procedure. The synthetic procedure is pH dependent. So reaction cannot be done at any pH value. The reaction must also be carried out at room temperature without any heating. To obtain low molecular weight curing agent, chloroaniline and acetaldehyde cannot be taken in equimolecular ratio because the equimolecular mixture of them produces high molecular weight condensate. This was shown in our previous publication. Some implications are also there. By changing amine and aldehyde other curing agents could be synthesised and the curing efficiency of those for epoxy resin could also be studied. Originality/value – Experimental results revealed the greater suitability of AFCAC as curing agent for DGEBA resin and novelty of AFCAC cured matrix in the field of protective coating, casting, adhesives, etc.


2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Li Bin Zhu ◽  
Ji You Gu ◽  
Xiang Li Weng ◽  
Hai Yan Tan

Through the study of the effects of different dosage of additives on the properties of urea formaldehyde resin adhesive prepared at low mole ratio of formaldehyde/urea, optimize the synthetic process of the UF resin which is used at the E0 grade plywood. The results showed that the product synthesized under the following condition: the mole ratio of formaldehyde/urea is 0.99:1, the dosage of the specific additive is 1.0% and that of melamine is 3-4%, had a good comprehensive performance and the formaldehyde emission of the plywood meets the E0 grade which is environmental-friendly.


RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (52) ◽  
pp. 32830-32836
Author(s):  
Kazuki Saito ◽  
Yasushi Hirabayashi ◽  
Shinya Yamanaka

This is the first experiment to demonstrate that GO effectively prevents formaldehyde emission from UF resin.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Dicky Dermawan ◽  
Lucky William Kusnadi ◽  
Jemmy Lesmana

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesive for wood-based panel industries are commonly manufactured using conventional alkaline-acid process. This paper reports a process modification of a conventional UF resin preparation by incorporating a strong-acid step, involving simultaneous methylolation and condensation reactions at very low pH at the beginning of the processing step. The experiment showed that this additional step should be carried out at short duration and at high enough temperature in order to avoid gelation or separation problems. In order to control temperature rise caused by the exothermic nature of the reactions, the modified process requires a higher initial formaldehyde-to-urea (F/U) molar ratio compared to the original. For the same reason, the first urea should be fed incrementally to ensure high F/U ratio at any time during the strong acid step. Using regular formalin concentration as raw material at the same F/U molar ratio, the modified resin showed lower free formaldehyde content thus have lower reactivity in comparison to those of the original. However, when the same procedure was applied using higher formaldehyde concentration at higher solid content, the produced resin showed comparable free formaldehyde content and shorter gelation time. Application test for making plywood showed that the modified process gave a very significant improvement in both the internal bonding strength and formaldehyde emission.


Author(s):  
Д.В. Иванов ◽  
С.В. Шевченко ◽  
М.А. Екатеринчева

Исследованы продукты взаимодействия лимонной кислоты, карбамида и аммиака как компоненты карбамидоформальдегидного связующего. Установлено, что полученные соли выступают в качестве отвердителей карбамидоформальдегидной смолы, обладая свойствами прямых и латентных катализаторов отверждения. Из-за низкого значения pH они обеспечивают значительное подкисление связующего сразу после совмещения со смолой, таким образом, действуя как прямые катализаторы отверждения. При этом замещение ионов водорода некоторых карбоксильных групп лимонной кислоты на ион аммония позволяет им обеспечивать снижение значения pH связующего во времени, что является признаком латентных катализаторов. Корреляционной обработкой экспериментальных данных установлено, что величина изменения значения pH связующего во времени на 99 определяется количеством аммиака в рецептуре отвердителя. Наиболее ярко свойства латентного катализатора выражены у отвердителя, синтезированного при мольном соотношении лимонная кислота : карбамид : аммиак - 1 : 1,5 :1,5, получившего рабочее название МО-1,5. В условиях изготовления однослойных древесностружечных плит МО-1,5 способен обеспечивать достаточную глубину отверждения смолы и служить заменой традиционным отвердителям. Он наиболее эффективен во внутреннем слое изготавливаемых плит, о чём свидетельствует повышенная прочность при растяжении перпендикулярно пласти. Плиты, изготовленные с использованием МО-1,5, по сравнению с плитами, изготовленными с использованием традиционного отвердителя - сульфата аммония, обладают на 2040 меньшим содержанием формальдегида. Таким образом, МО-1,5 выступает и как модификатор карбамидоформальдегидной смолы, снижающий токсичность готовых плит. Products of interaction of citric acid, urea and ammonia have been researched as components of urea-formaldehyde glue. Obtained salts have properties of direct and latent catalysts of hardening and can perform as hardeners of urea-formaldehyde resin. Because of low pH value they increase acidity of the glue immediately after combining with resin and act like direct catalysts of hardening. Wherein substitution of hydrogen ions of some carboxyl groups belonging to citric acid on ammonium ions allows to provide a gradual decrease of glue pH value thus they act like latent catalysts. The correlative processing of data has revealed that the change of pH value 99 depends on the amount of ammonia in the hardener formula.The properties of latent catalysts express mostly when hardener is synthesized at molar ratio of citric acid : urea : ammonia - 1 : 1,5 : 1,5, the hardener has been named МО-1,5. During manufacturing of single layer particleboard МО-1,5 is able to provide the necessary depth of resin hardening so it can serve as a substitute to traditional latent catalysts. It is the most effective in the inner layer of manufactured boards, as evidenced by high tensile strength perpendicularly to plane. In comparison with wooden boards manufactured with such traditional hardener as ammonia sulfate wooden boards manufactured with МО-1,5 have 20...40 lower formaldehyde content. Thus МО-1,5 performs also as a modifier of urea-formaldehyde resin providing lower toxicity of wooden board.


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