Electrodeposition of Copper-Indium-Diselenide (CuInSe2) Thin Films

The electrodeposited CuInSe2 films were investigated in this paper. The deposition parameters of various solution concentrations, applied potential, pH value and complexing agent were examined to characterize film quality. The electrolyte solution was formed by mixing an appropriate proportion of copper sulfate, indium sulfate and selenium dioxide. Sodium citrate was used as complexing agent. Citric and sulfuric acids were used for adjusting electrolyte pH value. The experimental results revealed that the deposited and annealed CIS films have an atomic ratio of [Cu]：[In]：[Se] = 26.94：26.74：46.31. It is near to the stoichiometry of an atomic ratio ([Cu]：[In]：[Se] = 1：1：2). Unfortunately, this film has a poor adhesion problem. In order to overcome the adhesion problem, the triethanolamine and sodium dodecyl sulfate are used as complexing agents and wetting agents, respectively. A good adhesion was obtained. However, these additives result in a shortcoming of insufficient indium content in the formation film.

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Ultrafiltration treatment of wastewater contained heavy metals complexed with palygorskite

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology ◽

10.2478/pjct-2020-0031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Jun Ren ◽

Tianyi Cao ◽

Xin Yang ◽

Ling Tao

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ionic Strength ◽

Ph Value ◽

Rejection Rate ◽

Complexing Agents ◽

Complexing Agent ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Sodium Tartrate ◽

Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽

Ultrafiltration Process

AbstractPalygorskite was applied in complexation-ultrafiltration treatment of heavy metals in wastewater under different pH and ionic strength. The results indicated that the rejection of heavy metals increased significantly with pH value, and decreased slightly with an increase of ionic strength of Na+ and Cl–. A certain concentration of NaCl significantly reduced the rejection rate of Cu2+. The rejection of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ could reach over 86.8%, 93.6% and 93.7% at pH of 7 and 0.1 mol/L NaCl. The rejection of heavy metals was severely affected by low molecular weight competing complexing agents and the effect of sodium tartrate was greater than triethanolamine. In the presence of sodium tartrate, the rejection of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ could arrive over 81.4%, 57.6% and 60.5% at pH of 7 in 20 min. Palygorskite was offered a potential complexing agent for the removal of heavy metals in wastewater at the complexation-ultrafiltration process.

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Brightness development of a hydrogen peroxide bleached spruce TMP. Comparisons of pre-treatments with DTPA and a separable chelating surfactant

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.3183/npprj-2012-27-01-p050-055 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 50-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ida Högberg ◽

Dariusz Zasadowski ◽

Anette Karlsson ◽

Bengt Wikman ◽

Fredrik Andersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Froth Flotation ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Complexing Agents ◽

Complexing Agent ◽

Initial Water ◽

Foaming Agents ◽

Residual Hydrogen ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract In this investigation a new type of recoverable complexing agent (chelating surfactant) has been compared with a conventional complexing agent; diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), in the metal ion sequestering of thermomechanical pulps (TMP) to be hydrogen peroxide bleached. After different degrees of washing of the pulps, bleaching experiments at different total alkali charges were performed with and without sodium silicate additions, and the ISO brightness of handmade sheets was measured. The residual hydrogen peroxide in the bleaching liquor was also determined. No significant difference in either the brightness development or the residual hydrogen peroxide content could be detected between the pulps treated with equivalent molar ratios of the different complexing agents. Furthermore, the recovery of the chelating surfactant-manganese complexes from laboratory made white water by froth flotation was also studied. Two different foaming agents; sodium dodecyl sulphonate (SDS) and dimethyldodecylamine oxide (DDAO), were tested in the froth generation. After an addition of 160 ppm of DDAO, more than 80% of the manganese chelates could be recovered in the foam, containing 3% of the initial water mass.

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Effects of operating parameters on efficiency of lead removal by complexation-microfiltration process

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind111122007t ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 461-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katarina Trivunac ◽

Slavica Stevanovic

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Heavy Metal Ions ◽

Ph Value ◽

Complexing Agents ◽

Complexing Agent ◽

Lead Removal ◽

Operating Pressure ◽

Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose ◽

Rejection Coefficient

Majority of lead content found in the environment is the result of human activities. Heavy metals can be hazardous because they tend to bioaccumulate. Complexation-microfiltration process for the removal of Pb(II) ions was studied. The aim of microfiltration of the model wastewater containing heavy metal ions was finding an optimum ratio between the concentrations of the complexing agent and metal, and determining the most favorable pH value. The microfiltration experiments were carried out in a stirred dead-end cell. Diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE 23) was selected as the complexing agent. Versapor membranes were used to separate formed polymer-metal complex. The concentration of heavy metal ions after microfiltration in aqueous solution was determined using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Effects on the amount of complexing agent, concentration of metal ion, pH value and operating pressure on the flux, J, and rejection coefficient, R, were investigated. Experimental results indicate that the pH of the solution has considerable influence on the rejection coefficient. An increase in pH and the amount of complexing agents enabled us to obtain very high retention coefficient (99%).

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Effect of Deposition Parameters on Electrochemical Properties of Polypyrrole-Graphene Oxide Films

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13030624 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 624 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alina Iuliana Pruna ◽

Nelly Ma. Rosas-Laverde ◽

David Busquets Mataix

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Voltammetry ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Electrochemical Properties ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Hybrid Coatings ◽

Deposition Parameters ◽

Structure Morphology ◽

Energy Storage Applications ◽

Improved Performance ◽

Sds Surfactant

Graphene oxide (GO)-modified polypyrrole (PPy) coatings were obtained by electrochemical methods in the presence of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of the coatings were assessed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry at varying scan rates, respectively. The properties of the obtained coatings were analyzed with the GO and PPy loadings and electrodeposition mode. The hybrid coatings obtained galvanostatically showed a coarser appearance than those deposited by cyclic voltammetry CV mode and improved performance, respectively, which was further enhanced by GO and PPy loading. The capacitance enhancement can be attributed to the SDS surfactant that well dispersed the GO sheets, thus allowing the use of lower GO content for improved contribution, while the choice of suitable electrodeposition parameters is highly important for improving the applicability of GO-modified PPy coatings in energy storage applications.

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Zeolite NaP1 Functionalization for the Sorption of Metal Complexes with Biodegradable N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-D,L-aspartic Acid

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102518 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2518

Author(s):

Dorota Kołodyńska ◽

Yongming Ju ◽

Małgorzata Franus ◽

Wojciech Franus

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Aspartic Acid ◽

Ph Value ◽

Complexing Agents ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Modified Zeolite ◽

X Ray ◽

Slow Release Fertilizers ◽

Pseudo Second Order

The possibility of application of chitosan-modified zeolite as sorbent for Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(III) ions and their mixtures in the presence of N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-D,L-aspartic acid, IDHA) under different experimental conditions were investigated. Chitosan-modified zeolite belongs to the group of biodegradable complexing agents used in fertilizer production. NaP1CS as a carrier forms a barrier to the spontaneous release of the fertilizer into soil. The obtained materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); surface area determination (ASAP); scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS); X-ray fluorescence (XRF); X-ray diffraction (XRD); and carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN), as well as thermogravimetric (TGA) methods. The concentrations of Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(III) complexes with IDHA varied from 5–20 mg/dm3 for Cu(II), 10–40 mg/dm3 for Fe(III), 20–80 mg/dm3 for Mn(II), and 10–40 mg/dm3 for Zn(II), respectively; pH value (3–6), time (1–120 min), and temperature (293–333 K) on the sorption efficiency were tested. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin adsorption models were applied to describe experimental data. The pH 5 proved to be appropriate for adsorption. The pseudo-second order and Langmuir models were consistent with the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. The highest desorption percentage was achieved using the HCl solution, therefore, proving that method can be used to design slow-release fertilizers.

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The Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated and Non-Activated Bentonites

Adsorption Science & Technology ◽

10.1260/026361703769645780 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 451-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Sameer Al-Asheh ◽

Fawzi Banat ◽

Leena Abu-Aitah

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Ph Value ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Ionic Surfactant ◽

Methylene Blue Dye ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Initial Ph

An improvement in the adsorption capacity of naturally available bentonite towards water pollutants such as Methylene Blue dye (MBD) is certainly needed. For this purpose, sodium bentonite was activated by two methods: (1) treatment with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as an ionic surfactant and (2) thermal treatment in an oven operated at 850°C. Batch adsorption tests were carried out on removing MBD from aqueous solution using the above-mentioned bentonites. It was found that the effectiveness of bentonites towards MBD removal was in the following order: thermal-bentonite > SDS-bentonite > natural bentonite. X-Ray diffraction analysis showed that an increase in the microscopic bentonite platelets on treatment with SDS was the reason behind the higher uptake of MBD. An increase in sorbent concentration or initial pH value of the solutions resulted in a greater removal of MBD from the solution. An increase in temperature led to an increase in MBD uptake by the bentonites studied in this work. The Freundlich isotherm model was employed and found to represent the experimental data well.

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A New Approach to Fluorescent Chemosensor of Cu2+ Ion

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.65 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 513-517 ◽

pp. 65-69

Author(s):

Xiao Jun Hu ◽

Xin Yan Hu ◽

Zhi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Electron Transfer ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Ph Value ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Fluorescence Emission ◽

Fluorescent Chemosensor ◽

Dynamic Quenching ◽

Transfer Effects ◽

New Approach

According to the principle of dynamic quenching a new ON-OFF fluorescent chemosensor for Cu2+ions was designed, this chemosensor was composed of p-tert-butylthiacalix [arene (TCA),sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and perylene through the form of self-assembly in aqueous solution. Addition of Cu2+ions could result in a quenching of the fluorescence emission of perylene inside micelles, which due to intramicellar complex-fluorophore electron-transfer or energy-transfer effects induced by the complexation of TCA with the Cu2+ions.The experimental results indicated that: Under the condition of TCA/perylene was 800/1, SDS concentration was 150mmol/L and pH value above 9, according to the fluorescence quenching ,within a certain range of the concentration of Cu2+ion can be linearly determined.

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The Structural, Magnetic and Optical Properties of Ni-Mg-Zn Ferrite Prepared With Different Complexing Agents via Sol-Gel Method

10.21203/rs.3.rs-263070/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanchun Zhang ◽

Aimin Sun ◽

Zhaxi Suonan

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Complexing Agents ◽

Complexing Agent ◽

Gel Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Zn Ferrite ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Abstract Different complexing agents were used to prepare Ni-Mg-Zn ferrite with the composition formula Ni0.2Mg0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4 via sol-gel method, which included citric acid, oxalic acid, egg white and EDTA. The Ni0.2Mg0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4 ferrite with no complexing agent was also prepared as a comparison. The chemical phases of samples were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), which indicated that samples had spinel phase structure. The lattice constants of samples are in the range of 8.3980 ~ 8.4089 Å. The composition and structure were further studied by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). There were two typical characteristic bands related to the stretching vibrations of spinel ferrite in FTIR spectra. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed that the particles have the shape of spherical cube. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyzed the elements and ingredients of samples, which included Ni, Mg, Zn, Fe and O. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to examine further the elemental composition and chemical state of sample prepared with EDTA as complexing agent. The optical properties of samples were investigated by photoluminescence spectra and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to characterize magnetic properties, hysteresis loops revealed the ferrimagnetism behavior of prepared samples.

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Surface Morphology Study: Effect of Electrolyte pH on the Electrodeposited Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) Solder Alloy

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.481 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 575 ◽

pp. 481-485

Author(s):

Sakinah Mohd Yusof ◽

Junaidah Jai ◽

Md Amin Hashim ◽

Roslina Ismail ◽

Abdul Hadi

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Acetate ◽

Ph Value ◽

Ph Control ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Grain Sizes ◽

Methane Sulphonate ◽

Sulfate Salts ◽

Sac Solder ◽

Electrolyte Ph ◽

Morphological Patterns

pH control is significant in electrodeposition because they affect the characteristics of electrolyte and the deposit. This paper mainly analyses the processing conditions of electrolyte pH value on the electrodeposited SAC. Sn2+ ions will be obtained from the tin methane sulphonate acid while the Cu2+ and Ag+ ions will be obtained from their respective sulfate salts. Ammonium acetate helps in raising the pH of the bath. The FESEM analysis was carried out to examine the morphology of the electrodeposited nanocomposites. A variety of morphological patterns for the electrodeposits with different electrolyte pH is obtained. At low pH (2) electrolyte value, the electrodeposits show a very poor quality with rough surface. With increasing pH value (2.5), the averaged grain sizes decreased. The surfaces of the films electrodeposited at this pH value are generally quite smooth, uniform and compact. Later increment of pH values (3~4) has lead to the formation of porous and non-uniform electrodeposits. From the study, it is possible to observe that, even with the same composition, the deposits have different morphologies under different controlled parameter.

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