Unitary Micro-Patterning Structure-Induced Hydrophobic Silicon Surface

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2524-2527
Author(s):  
Si Si Liu ◽  
Chao Hui Zhang ◽  
Han Bing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Silicon Surface ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Silicon Surfaces ◽  
Functional Surface ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Cassie State ◽  
Micro Patterning ◽  
Pillar Arrays ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the wettability and the roughness structure on silicon surface is studied. The unitary microscale square pillar arrays are fabricated by the way of inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The wettability of water droplets on the silicon surface is changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic only by introducing microscale pillarlike structure. Furthermore, the scale effects of the unitary rough structure on hydrophobicity are investigated. For those silicon surfaces with a fixed pillar height, the relatively larger scale of grooves leads the droplets wettability state to unstable Cassie state and the contact angle will initially get larger and then decrease with the increase of groove width. The research could provide further insights into the design of functional surface with controllable roughness-induced hydrophobic.

scholarly journals Revisiting carbonate chemistry controls on planktic foraminifera Mg /  Ca: implications for sea surface temperature and hydrology shifts over the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum and Eocene–Oligocene transition

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans ◽  
Bridget S. Wade ◽  
Michael Henehan ◽  
Jonathan Erez ◽  
Wolfgang Müller
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
Surface Hydrology ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Much of our knowledge of past ocean temperatures comes from the foraminifera Mg / Ca palaeothermometer. Several nonthermal controls on foraminifera Mg incorporation have been identified, of which vital effects, salinity, and secular variation in seawater Mg / Ca are the most commonly considered. Ocean carbonate chemistry is also known to influence Mg / Ca, yet this is rarely examined as a source of uncertainty, either because (1) precise pH and [CO32−] reconstructions are sparse or (2) it is not clear from existing culture studies how a correction should be applied. We present new culture data of the relationship between carbonate chemistry and Mg / Ca for the surface-dwelling planktic species Globigerinoides ruber and compare our results to data compiled from existing studies. We find a coherent relationship between Mg / Ca and the carbonate system and argue that pH rather than [CO32−] is likely to be the dominant control. Applying these new calibrations to data sets for the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) enables us to produce a more accurate picture of surface hydrology change for the former and a reassessment of the amount of subtropical precursor cooling for the latter. We show that pH-adjusted Mg / Ca and δ18O data sets for the PETM are within error of no salinity change and that the amount of precursor cooling over the EOT has been previously underestimated by  ∼ 2 °C based on Mg / Ca. Finally, we present new laser-ablation data of EOT-age Turborotalia ampliapertura from St. Stephens Quarry (Alabama), for which a solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) Mg / Ca record is available (Wade et al., 2012). We show that the two data sets are in excellent agreement, demonstrating that fossil solution and laser-ablation data may be directly comparable. Together with an advancing understanding of the effect of Mg / Casw, the coherent picture of the relationship between Mg / Ca and pH that we outline here represents a step towards producing accurate and quantitative palaeotemperatures using this proxy.

Chemical Composition of Cerium and Manganese Co-Doped Lithium Niobate Single Crystal

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Miao Wang ◽  
Yun Long Wang ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Vacancy Model ◽  
The Relationship

Ce:Mn:LiNbO3 single crystals were grown from the melts with different [Li]/[Nb] by top seed crystal method, while the concentration of Ce was 0.1mol% and the concentration of Mn was 0.015wt%. The concentration of each element in the crystal was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The location of the doping ion in the crystal was studied. The results revealed that Ce (or Mn) replace the location of Li in the Ce:Mn:LiNbO3. The dependence of crystal constitute on the material proportioning is given in the paper. The exact chemical formula was given by the relationship between the composition of crystal and the raw material on the basis of the Li vacancy model.

Effect of Dual Radio Frequency Bias Power on SiO2 Sputter Etching in Inductively Coupled Plasma

NANO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haegyu Jang ◽  
Heeyeop Chae
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Etching Rate ◽  
Ion Bombardment ◽  
Ion Density ◽  
Source Power ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Bombardment Energy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sputter Etching

Dual radio frequency (RF) powers are widely used with commercial plasma etchers for various nanoscale patterns. However, it is challenging to understand the relationship among the dual RF powers and the etching processes. In this work, the effect of the dual RF bias powers on SiO2 sputter etching was investigated in inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The relationship was studied among 2[Formula: see text]MHz and 27.12[Formula: see text]MHz RF bias powers, a 13.56[Formula: see text]MHz ICP source power, the ion bombardment energy, the ion density and the etching rate. The results show that the ion density of Ar plasma can be controlled in the region of 109–10[Formula: see text] ions/cm3, and DC self-bias can be controlled by controlling the ratio of dual RF bias powers while the ion density is maintained with the operation of source power. This work reveals that the dual RF bias powers expand the process window of the ion density and the ion bombardment energy independently in the ICP plasma source. The sputter etching rate is also modeled using the ion-enhanced etching model, and the model shows good agreement with the etching rate data.

Fabrication and characterization of GaN nanopillar arrays

2004 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.D. Wang ◽  
S. Tripathy ◽  
S.J. Chua ◽  
C.G. Fonstad
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Etching ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Good Crystalline Quality ◽  
Pillar Arrays ◽  
Raman Measurement

ABSTRACTVarious nanofabrication technologies are currently under investigation to realize fine patterning of III-Nitrides. Dry and wet etching techniques have been explored in the past for the fabrication of GaN-based devices. However, due to etch-induced damage, it is still a major challenge to achieve high-quality GaN-based nanostructures with high aspect ratio. In this study, GaN nanopillars were fabricated by inductively coupled plasma etching (ICP) using anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) as a mask. High-spatial resolution optical techniques were employed to characterize these pillar arrays. The average diameter and length of these pillars are about 60–70 nm and 350–400 nm, respectively. Low temperature micro-photoluminescence spectra show a red shift compared with the spectrum recorded from the as-grown GaN, indicating stress relaxation in these nanopillars. The evidence of good crystalline quality is also confirmed by micro-Raman measurement where red shift of the E2(TO) mode from GaN nanopillars suggest partial relaxation of the compressive strain.

Iodine Concentration in Milk Sampled from Canadian Farms

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1658-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. BORUCKI CASTRO ◽  
R. BERTHIAUME ◽  
P. LAFFEY ◽  
A. FOUQUET ◽  
F. BERALDIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Total Iodine ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

A study was conducted to determine the iodine concentration in milk and the relationship between that concentration and milking and feeding management practices. Milk samples were collected from the bulk tanks of 501 farms in all provinces of Canada. With a view to obtaining further information about farm management, a questionnaire was completed at each of the selected farms. Total iodine concentration (organic and inorganic) in the milk was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The farms were grouped for each of the variables and, based on significant differences in iodine concentrations, 15 variables were selected for further analysis. A general linear model was fitted, with milk iodine as the response variable to main and two-way interaction effects. The mean iodine concentration in Canadian milk was 304 ± 8.4 μg/kg, with concentrations ranging from 54 to 1,902 μg/kg. Analysis of the questionnaire data suggested that component feeding was associated with lower iodine levels in milk than the levels obtained with total mixed rations. Neither the use of mineral supplementation nor the form of supplementation affected iodine levels in milk. Washing and dipping the teats before milking affected iodine in milk. The method of application of the teat sanitizers appears to be important, given that spray applications (inline or hand spraying) were associated with higher levels than those observed with the dip-cup procedure. In conclusion, Canadian milk iodine concentration varies considerably and appears to be influenced by feeding and milking practices.

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