Taguchi Method for the Determination of Optimised Sintering Parameters of Titanium Alloy Foams

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 1731-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufizar Ahmad ◽  
Norhamidi Muhamad ◽  
Andanastuti Muchtar ◽  
Jaafar Sahari ◽  
Khairur Rijal Jamaludin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
Titanium Foam ◽  
Temperature Heating

Sintering is a key step in the preparation of metal foams. The present work focuses on the sintering effects on the properties of titanium foam prepared using the slurry technique. Sintering affects the density as well as the mechanical properties of the sintered parts. To achieve a high density of the titanium alloy foam, the effects of various parameters including temperature, time profile and composition have to be characterized and optimized. This paper reports the use of the Taguchi method in characterizing and optimizing the sintering process parameters of titanium alloys. The effect of four sintering factors: composition, sintering temperature, heating rate and soaking time to the density has been studied. The titanium slurry was prepared by mixing titanium alloy powder, polyethylene glycol (PEG), methylcellulose and water. Polyurethane (PU) foam was then impregnated into the slurry and dried at room temperature. This was later sintered in a high temperature vacuum furnace. The various factors were assigned to an L9 orthogonal array. From the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the sintering temperature was found to give the highest percentage of contribution (34.73) followed by the composition of the titanium alloy powder (26.41) and the heating rate (0.64). The optimum density for the sintered titanium alloy foam was 1.4873±0.918 gcm-1. Confirmatory experiments have produced results that lay within the 90% confidence interval.

Optimisation of Processing Parameters of Titanium Foams Using Taguchi Method for Compressive Strength

2010 ◽  
Vol 447-448 ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufizar Ahmad ◽  
Norhamidi Muhamad ◽  
Andanastuti Muchtar ◽  
Jaafar Sahari ◽  
Khairur Rijal Jamaludin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
Soaking Time

In this paper, titanium alloy was used to prepare titanium foam using the slurry method. The compressive strength is the most important properties to be considered to produce a good sample. To achieve a high compressive strength of the titanium alloy foam, the effects of various parameters including temperature, time profile and composition have to be characterised and optimised. This paper reports the use of the Taguchi method in optimising the processing parameters of pure titanium foams. The effects of four sintering factors, namely, composition, sintering temperature, heating rate and soaking time on the compressive strength has been studied. The titanium slurry was prepared by mixing titanium alloy powder, polyethylene glycol (PEG), methylcellulose and water. Polyurethane (PU) foams were then impregnated into the slurry and later dried at room temperature. These were next sintered in a high temperature vacuum furnace. The various factors were assigned to an L9 orthogonal array. From the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the composition of titanium has the highest percentage of contribution (64.64) to the compressive strength followed by the soaking time of sintering factor (6.01). The optimum compressive strength was found to be 38.03 MPa for this titanium alloy foam. It was achieved with a 750% composition of titanium, sintering temperature of 1250oC, a heating rate of 1.5oC/min and 120 minutes of soaking time.

Influence Of Composition and Sintering Temperature on Density for Pure and Titanium Alloy Foams

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ahmad ◽  
N. Muhamad ◽  
A. Muchtar ◽  
J. Sahari ◽  
K. R. Jamaludin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
High Density ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Slurry Method ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Titanium Foam ◽  
Alloy Titanium

Metallic foams with high fraction of porosity have gained their usefulness and are now becoming a new class of materials for various engineering applications. Due to this, the present work aims to produce pure titanium and alloy titanium foams with high density using different composition and sintering temperature. The slurry method is selected to produce the pure titanium and alloy titanium foam. The titanium slurry is prepared by mixing pure or titanium alloy powder, polyethylene glycol (PEG), methylcellulose and water. Polyurethane (PU) foam is then impregnated in the slurry and dried at room temperature. This is later sintered in a high temperature vacuum furnace with different sintering temperatures. The density of the samples was tested using Archimedes test. From the result of analysis of variance, composition and sintering temperature affect the density of the samples for pure and titanium alloy foams. The suitable compositions of pure and alloy titanium are 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 70 wt% and sintering temperatures are 1200°C, 1250°C and 1300°C to produce a high density for the pure and  titanium alloy foams. 

scholarly journals Optimization of Sintering Process of Alumina Ceramics Using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6739
Author(s):  
Darko Landek ◽  
Lidija Ćurković ◽  
Ivana Gabelica ◽  
Mihone Kerolli Mustafa ◽  
Irena Žmak
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Slip Casting ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Alumina Ceramics ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Temperature Heating

In this work, alumina (Al2O3) ceramics were prepared using an environmentally friendly slip casting method. To this end, highly concentrated (70 wt.%) aqueous suspensions of alumina (Al2O3) were prepared with different amounts of the ammonium salt of a polycarboxylic acid, Dolapix CE 64, as an electrosteric dispersant. The stability of highly concentrated Al2O3 aqueous suspensions was monitored by viscosity measurements. Green bodies (ceramics before sintering) were obtained by pouring the stable Al2O3 aqueous suspensions into dry porous plaster molds. The obtained Al2O3 ceramic green bodies were sintered in the electric furnace. Analysis of the effect of three sintering parameters (sintering temperature, heating rate and holding time) on the density of alumina ceramics was performed using the response surface methodology (RSM), based on experimental data obtained according to Box–Behnken experimental design, using the software Design-Expert. From the statistical analysis, linear and nonlinear models with added first-order interaction were developed for prediction and optimization of density-dependent variables: sintering temperature, heating rate and holding time.

scholarly journals Dilation of Ti-6Al-4V/HA Composite Tensile Parts

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 096369350201100
Author(s):  
E. S. Thian ◽  
N. H. Loh ◽  
K. A. Khor ◽  
S. B. Tor
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Densification Rate ◽  
In Situ Test ◽  
Temperature Heating

Prior to the actual sintering process, a dilatometry study is performed to provide basic information and guidelines. This paper studies the effects of three sintering factors: sintering temperature, heating rate and holding time, on the densification rate of Ti-6Al-4V/HA composite parts. According to the in-situ test results, suitable values for the sintering factors can then be established.

SOME FACTORS EFFECT ON ZERO-RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE OF SUPERCONDUCTR Y1Ba2Cu3O9−x

1987 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liquan Chen ◽  
Zhili Xiao ◽  
Yuzhen Huang ◽  
Zhenhong Mai ◽  
Xi Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Zero Resistance ◽  
Temperature Heating

Some factors which might effect on Tco during the sintering procedure have been studied. These factors include the sintering time, sintering temperature, heating rate, cooling rate, oxygen pressure, annealing in different atmosphere and multiple sintering as well. The attention has also paid to the influence of Al3+ which might be introduced by using Al2O3 crucible.

scholarly journals Determination of properties of non-spherical VT20 alloy powders for modelling packing density

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Z.A. Duriagina ◽  
◽  
I.A. Lemishka ◽  
V.V. Kulyk ◽  
H.A. Hrydova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Vt20 Alloy ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Vt20 Titanium Alloy

The study of unfavorable titanium alloy powders of VT20 grades was carried out and the methods of computer analysis were applied to determine the parameters of their optimal packaging. Metallographic studies were performed on a scanning electron microscope EVO-40XVP, and elemental analysis was performed using an energy dispersion spectrometer OXFORD INCA Energy 350. Determination of particle size distribution of powders was performed using image analysis software ImageJ. The surface morphology of non-spherical particles of VT20 alloy powder was studied for three different fractions: 100 ... 160 μm, 160 ... 200 μm and 200 ... 250 μm. It is shown that the powder particles are characterized by a nonspherical shape and a small difference in size. There is a tendency according to which when the particle size of the powder of the investigated alloy decreases, their shape approaches spherical. According to the results of particle size analysis, it was found that the usual sieve analysis does not allow to fully assess the distribution of powder by fractions. It was found that for the fraction 200 ... 250 μm the dominant particles are with an average diameter of 226 μm, for the fraction 160 ... 200 μm - 177 μm and for the fraction 100 ... 160 μm - 114 μm, respectively. Thus, for the fraction of titanium powder of the BT20 brand 200 ... 250 the polydispersity is 6.4%, for the fraction 160 ... 200 - 8.3%, and for the fraction 100 ... 160 - 9.1%. It is established that the fluidity of titanium alloy powders of the BT20 brand is: for the fraction 200 ... 250 μm - 62.35 s, for the fraction 160 ... 200 μm - 65.44 s, and for the fraction 100 ... 160 - 68, 73 s. That is, the highest value of fluidity is characterized by the powder with the largest particle size. Simulation of the pre-defined volume filling was performed using the "Spheres test" program. The average radii of particles of VT20 titanium alloy powder particles and the probability of the sizes of each of fractions of powder which is necessary at filling of the set volume was calculatedthe possibility of their precipitation have been established. Based on the obtained results, the packing density of VT20 titanium alloy powders was calculated depending on their fractional composition. It is confirmed that as the particle size of the powder decreases, their packing density increases. The surface morphology of non-spherical particles of VT20 alloy powder of different fractional composition and their particle size characteristics were studied. It is shown that with decreasing fractional composition of powder fractions, their homogeneity and bulk density increase. It was found that finer fractions are characterized by poorer fluidity. The simulation results determine the optimal fractional composition of the powder to fill the pre-specified volume. It is shown that as the size of the test particles decreases, their packing density increases. Keywords: additive production, titanium, microstructure, particle size distribution, bulk density, fluidity, packing density modelingmodelling.

Potassium Bromide as Space Holder for Titanium Foam Preparation

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 922-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazimah Mat Noor ◽  
M.I.M. Zain ◽  
K.R. Jamaludin ◽  
R. Hussin ◽  
Z. Kamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
New Space ◽  
Titanium Foam ◽  
Scanning Electron

Titanium (Ti) alloy foam was prepared by using potassium bromide (KBr) as space holder with percentage between 20 to 40 wt.%. In this work, the potential of KBr as a new space holder was determined. The Ti alloy powder and space holder were first manually mixed before being compacted using hydraulic hand press. The green compacts were then sintered at temperature of 1160°C, 1200°C and 1240°C in a tube furnace. The microstructure of the Ti alloy foams were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was revealed that the porosity content in the Ti foam was in the range of 16% to 31% and density in the range of 1.5 g/cm3 to 2.6 g/cm3. Moreover, the pore size of the titanium alloy foam is in the range of 187μm to 303μm. Although the sintering temperatures were found incapable of promoting overall densification to the Ti alloy foam, 1200°C was denoted to be the maximal temperature for promoting maximal porosity to the Ti alloy foam. Nonetheless, KBr was proven to be suitable as space holder for Ti foam preparation as referred to its stability and insolubility in the Ti alloy.

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