Simulation Test of Equipment of Non-Contact Detection with GPR

2011 ◽  
Vol 317-319 ◽  
pp. 2416-2420
Author(s):  
Yan Qing Yang ◽  
Shao Hui He ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Fa Lin Qi
Keyword(s):  
Work Conditions ◽  
Contact Detection ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Railway Tunnel ◽  
Detection Distance ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Simple Detection ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Composite Lining ◽  
Ground Penetrating

The composite lining model of railway tunnel is set up and then simulation test is presented by non-contact detection with the simple detection equipment of ground penetrating radar (GPR) to study the main technique parameters of the equipment. The results show that the lining can be detected by the way, and the quality of GPR scan obtained in the simulation test decreases with the detection distance increasing. In the GPR scan obtained when keeping ground-coupled shielding antenna of 400MHz 20cm away from the ground(the distant from the bottom of GPR antenna to the surface of lining specimen), a variety of work conditions that has been preset in the experimental design can be identified, moreover, the location and range of both uncompacted backfill and cavity behind the lining etc. approach those that can be get when the antenna sticking to the lining, thus providing satisfactory qualitative interpretation of GPR scan. In addition, the deviation range of GPR non-contact detection is close to that when the antenna sticking to the lining, thus ensuring the detection value accuracy of lining thickness.

scholarly journals How Much Energy Vaquejada Horses Spend in a Field Simulation Test?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3421
Author(s):  
Clarisse S. Coelho ◽  
Ticiane D. R. P. Sodre ◽  
Lara N. Sousa ◽  
Renata F. Siqueira ◽  
Helio C. Manso Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Field Simulation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
One Way Anova

Vaquejada is a high-intensity and short-duration exercise in which helper horses (HH) are responsible to keep a bull running in a line while pull horses (PH) work to put the bull down after 100 m of running. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare energy expenditures (EE), transport costs (COT) and metabolic energy requirements (Pmet) of horses used in Vaquejada. Thus, eight Quarter Horses, in randomly formed pairs, performed a vaquejada simulation test (VST), which consisted of three races on a sand track (130–150 m), with a 5-min interval between them. All horses used an integrated heart rate (HR) and GPS monitoring system (V800, Polar Electro) and, from these data, EE, COT and Pmet were calculated using the formulas: EE (J/kg/min) = 0.0566 × HR1.9955, COT = (HR-35)/kg/m × 103 and Pmet = (HR-35)/min/kg. Blood samples were collected for lactate analysis at rest, immediately after the first, second and third race and after 30 min of recovery. Data obtained were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p ≤ 0.05). In VST, HH had higher EE and higher HR at trot; while PH presented higher EE and HR at canter. Finally, considering total VST, PH had higher EE and COT, while HH had higher Pmet. Lactate was higher in PH. Despite practicing the same sport, PH and HH should be considered distinct athletes, and these must be considered to set up appropriate physical and nutritional programs, which will lead to better performance and guarantees of well-being.

scholarly journals Railway Ballast Monitoring by Gpr: A Test Site Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 2381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianchini Ciampoli ◽  
Calvi ◽  
D’Amico
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Horn Antenna ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Electromagnetic Response ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Railway Ballast ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Effective maintenance of railways requires a comprehensive assessment of the actual condition of the construction materials involved. In this regard, Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) stands as a viable alternative to the invasive and time-consuming traditional techniques for the inspection of these infrastructures. This work reports the experimental activities carried out on a test-site area within a railway depot in Rome, Italy. To this purpose, a 30 m-long railway section was divided into 10 sub-sections reproducing different various physical and structural conditions of the track-bed. In more detail, combinations of varying scenarios of fragmentation and fouling of the ballast were reproduced. The set-up was then investigated using different multi-frequency GPR horn antenna systems. The effects of the different physical conditions of ballast on the electromagnetic response of the material were analysed for each scenario using time- and frequency-domain signal processing techniques. Parallel to this, modelling was provided to estimate fouling content. Interpretation of results has proven the viability of the GPR method in detecting signs of decay at the network level, thereby proving this technique to be worthy of implementation in asset management systems.

Who is to blame?

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Taplin
Keyword(s):  
Work Conditions ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Fast Fashion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factory Owner ◽  
Trade Regimes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Management Issues

Purpose – This paper seeks to examine the various actors responsible for the recent tragedy at a clothing factory in Bangladesh. Rather than focusing on the actual factory owner, it evaluates the broader structural and institutional factors, plus a particular Western retailer strategy of fast fashion, that together explain the practical inevitability of such tragedies. Design/methodology/approach – As a case study of a particular incident, it presents data from newspaper accounts and descriptive statistics to evaluate the broader context of an industrial accident. Findings – By examining the full context of the incident, it becomes apparent that there were systemic issues that effectively encouraged many parties to engage in workplace policies that almost inevitably can lead to accidents or at least labor abuses. Finally, blame is apportioned to Western consumers whose insatiable appetite for “fashionable” goods merely feeds a retail system that was set up to resolve earlier supply chain problems and ended up taking advantage of changing international trade regimes. Originality/value – The paper takes a much broader examination and analysis of institutional factors that shape work conditions than studies that focus merely on labor-management issues.

The Application of Ground Penetrating Radar in Railway Tunnel Concrete Quality Detection

2011 ◽  
Vol 228-229 ◽  
pp. 1185-1189
Author(s):  
Su Qi ◽  
Xing Xing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Railway Tunnel ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Quality Detection ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
Concrete Quality ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Drilling Core

The priority of traditional tunnel concrete quality testing method is drilling core .The traditional method damage tunnel structure and detection speed is slowly.we use this method cann’t effectively meet the demand of rapid growth of tunnel concrete qulity testing. So the more fast and effective detection methods are needed.A new fast and effective kind of concrete quality detection methods is ground penetrating radar can meet the extensive tunnel concrete nondestructive testing. This paper introduces the basic principle of ground penetrating radar.I illustrate the application of railway tunnel testing by the testing in Ju Gan runnel of Lan Yue railway.TI is significance for railway tunnel concrete in future.

scholarly journals General Model and SOC Estimation of Battery

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Li Meng ◽  
Haipeng Guo ◽  
Xiaowei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
General Model ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Soc Estimation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Kalman Filter Method ◽  
Set Up

Monitoring the battery state is of great importance for the safety and normal of the systems which are powered by batteries. SOC (State of Charge) is one of the most important state parameters of battery. SOC cannot be measured directly. The Kalman filter algorithm is one of the techniques often applied to estimate SOC value. An accurate model is necessary for this algorithm. In this paper, a general SOC model is set up. It takes into account not only the difference between discharging and charging work conditions, but also the influence of the working atmosphere, such as temperature and discharging rate. Then based on this general model, unscented Kalman filter method is used to predict the SOC value. It can avoid the error which is caused by ignoring high-order terms, which is a shortcoming exist in the extended Kalman filter method. The simulation experiments prove the approach can get satisfactory results even when the measurement data is mixed with noise or the initial SOC value is not accurate.

Virtual homologation of high-speed trains in railway tunnels: A new iterative numerical approach for train-tunnel pressure signature

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440972110291
Author(s):  
Elia Brambilla ◽  
Paolo Schito ◽  
Claudio Somaschini ◽  
Daniele Rocchi
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Railway Tunnel ◽  
High Speed Trains ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Full Scale Tests

Large overpressures can be produced when a high-speed train enters and crosses a railway tunnel. Predicting them is important since, in critical conditions, pressure variations may be dangerous for train structures and for passengers’ health and comfort. European regulations impose pressure thresholds which trains must comply with in order to be homologated for travelling through tunnels. Currently, full-scale tests are required to demonstrate respect of these prescriptions. In this work, a procedure for calculating the pressure variations inside the tunnel based on 3 D steady CFD simulations and a 1 D compressible fluid-dynamics model is proposed, to be used both as a design tool and for virtual homologation of new rolling stock. Results of a large experimental campaign performed on the Italian high-speed line are used to set-up the proposed methodology and to validate it. Different train geometries, tunnel crossing speeds and tunnel initial air conditions are considered.

Ways to Recruit and Retain Specialists in Innovation-Oriented Organizations of Russia

10.12737/7301 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Жигун ◽  
Lyeonid ZHigun
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Management ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Intellectual Work ◽  
High Class ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Production Labor ◽  
Intellectual Activities ◽  
The Given

The paper discusses how to create proper arrangements to attract and retain high-class professionals, innovation-oriented organizations are in need of. Key elements of a vacant job attractiveness from the standpoint of a job seeker are highlighted. It is emphasized that conditional to retaining recruited workers is the ability of employing company to meet the needs and wants on part of workers, as these are increasing as the production, labor, social and psychological relations at work undergo changes. Attention is drawn to the fact, that wants and needs of well-qualifi ed employees diff er radically from those of conventional workforce and to meet these conventional needs is insuffi cient to recruit and retain highly professional specialists. The analysis of gaps between employers’ requirements to personnel and counter requirements of innovation-driven specialists to job positions are analyzed based on the D. Goleman, R. Boyatzis and A. McKee model, which breakdowns employees’ intellectual activities in four groups of emotional intelligence competences, namely, emotional self-awareness; self-control; social sensitivity and relationship management. Based on results of analysis, the author puts forward a proposal, that the policies of recruiting and retaining innovation-driven workers should be built on the foundation of scientifi c principles, set forth in this paper, thus enabling employers to set up proper work conditions helpful to creative intellectual work in the given sphere of activities.

Numerical Simulation of Smoke Flow and its Effect during Railway Tunnel Fire

2010 ◽  
Vol 439-440 ◽  
pp. 1444-1449
Author(s):  
Zhi Ming Qu ◽  
Xiao Yu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Railway Tunnel ◽  
Smoke Flow ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Turbulence Flow ◽  
Pedestrian Evacuation ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Great Support ◽  
Set Up

The physical and mathematical turbulence flow fields models are set up to numerically simulate railway tunnel fire and smoke flow. An experimental fire simulation results in railway tunnel indicate that the temperature distribution of laminar flame, the smoke concentration and flow velocity can be expressed by the fully developed smoke flow downwind. Through numerical simulation, it is concluded that the turbulent flow field models are better and have good consistency with the experimental results. The phenomenon of tunnel fire, the development and distribution of smoke flow can not only provide great support on the fire protecting and ventilation plan, but also give better reference to the pedestrian evacuation and the design of disaster prevention and mitigation.

scholarly journals Spatial resolution enhancement of rotational-radar subsurface datasets using combined processing method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2090 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
Thomas McDonald ◽  
Mark Robinson ◽  
GuiYun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Resolution Enhancement ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Railway Tunnel ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Signal Processing Algorithms ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract Effective visualisation of railway tunnel subsurface features (e.g. voids, utilities) provides critical insight into structural health and underpins planning of essential targeted predictive maintenance. Subsurface visualisation here utilises a rotating ground penetrating radar antenna system for 360° point cloud data capture. This technology has been constructed by our industry partner Railview Ltd, and requires the development of complimentary signal processing algorithms to improve feature localisation. The main novelty of this work is extension of Shrestha and Arai’s Combined Processing Method (CPM) to 360° Ground Penetrating Radar (360GPR) datasets, for first-time application in the context of railway tunnel structural health inspection. Initial experimental acquisition of a sample rotational transect for CPM enhancement is achieved by scanning a test section of tunnel sidewall - featuring predefined target geometry - with the rotating antenna. Next, frequency data separately undergo Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) processing to recover temporal responses. Numerical implementation steps are explicitly provided for both MUSIC and two associated spatial smoothing algorithms, addressing an identified information deficit in the field. Described IFFT amplitude is combined with high spatial resolution of MUSIC via the CPM relation. Finally, temporal responses are compared qualitatively and quantitatively, evidencing the significant enhancement capabilities of CPM.

scholarly journals Railway Ballast Monitoring by GPR: A Test Site Investigation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Bianchini Ciampoli ◽  
َAlessandro Calvi ◽  
Fabrizio D'Amico
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Horn Antenna ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Electromagnetic Response ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Railway Ballast ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Effective maintenance of railways requires a comprehensive assessment of the actual condition of the construction materials involved. In this regard, Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) stands as a viable alternative to the invasive and time-consuming traditional techniques for the inspection of these infrastructures. This work reports the experimental activities carried out on a test-site area within a railway depot in Rome, Italy. Specifically, a 30 m-long railway section was divided into 10 sub-sections reproducing different various physical and structural conditions of the track-bed. In more detail, combinations of varying scenarios of fragmentation and fouling of the ballast were reproduced. The set-up was then investigated using different multi-frequency GPR horn antenna systems. The effects of the different physical conditions of ballast on the electromagnetic response of the material were analysed for each scenario using time- and frequency-domain signal processing techniques. Parallel to this, modelling was provided to estimate fouling content. Interpretation of results has proven the viability of the GPR method in detecting signs of decay at the network level, thereby proving this technique to be worthy for implementation in asset management systems.

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