Study on Synthesis and Application of Methylmethoxyphosphonate Aluminum

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1287-1290
Author(s):  
Qing Yu ◽  
Xin Jin Li ◽  
Zhong Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Target Compound ◽  
Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Dimethyl Methylphosphonate ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Pure Target ◽  
Limited Oxygen

A novel flame retardant of methylmethoxyphosphonate aluminium (MMPA) was synthesized via the reaction of anhydrous aluminum chloride and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The effects of introducing order of reactants, reaction time and washing agents were investigated to get pure target compound with higher yields.Application experiments indicates that MMPA is an effective flame retardant for PBT, especially when it is used in intumescent flame retardant（IFR） systems. When the composition of IFR is 20% wt., the limited oxygen index(LOI) value of the IFR-PBT is 30 and can pass the UL94 V-0 test.

Flame retardancy and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foam conjugated with a phosphorus–nitrogen halogen-free intumescent flame retardant

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-252
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Lin ◽  
Qianqiong Zhao ◽  
Ruilan Fan ◽  
Xiaoxue Yuan ◽  
Fuli Tian
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Limited Oxygen

In this work, a halogen-free intumescent combining phosphorus and nitrogen, flame-retardant 2-((2-hydroxyphenyl)(phenylamino)methyl5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane 2-oxide (HAPO) was successfully synthesized. It had been synthesized by reaction of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3, 2-dioxphosphinane 2-oxide with Schiff base. Its chemical structure was characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and 31P NMR spectrum. The flame-retardant polyurethanes were prepared with different loadings of HAPO. The thermal properties, flame retardancy and combustion behavior of the pure polyurethane foam thermosets were investigated by a series of measurements involving thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index measurement, UL-94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test. The results of the aforementioned tests indicated that HAPO can significantly improve the flame retardancy as well as smoke inhibition performance of polyurethane foam. Compared with the PU-Neat, the limited oxygen index of flame-retardant polyurethanes (15%) thermoset was increased from 19.5% to 23.8% and its UL-94 reached V-0 rating. In addition, the cone test results showed that the heat release rate, total heat release, rate of smoke release, and total smoke production of flame-retardant polyurethanes (10%) were decreased obvious sly. The apparent morphology of carbon residue was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and results revealed that the modified polyurethane foam can form dense carbon layer after combustion. Thermogravimetric analysis results also indicated that the char amount of flame-retardant polyurethanes was obviously increased compared with PU-Neat. Based on the above analysis, we can draw the conclusions which in the condensed phase, phosphorus-based acids from the degradation of HAPO, this could promote the formation of continuous and dense phosphorus-rich carbon layer. In the gas phase, the flame-retardant mechanism was ascribed to the quenching effect of phosphorus-based radicals and diluting effect by non-flammable gases.

Synergistic Effect between Montmorillonite Intercalated by Melamine and Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) on Polypropylene

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
Hong Fang Zhu ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
Kang Tao ◽  
Li Xin Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Cation Exchange Reaction ◽  
Melamine Salt ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Limited Oxygen

This Montmorillonite modified by melamine (MA-MMT) was prepared via cation exchange reaction by using melamine salt as intercalation reagent. MA-MMT and Na-MMT was combined with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) to be adopted into polypropylene (PP), respectively. The synergistic effect between MA-MMT and IFR and the influence of melamine in MMT layers on fire-resistant performance was evaluated. Results of limited oxygen index (LOI) tests and UL-94 tests indicate that melamine salts in MMT layers behaved better than Na-MMT in PP/IFR system. According to the results of cone calorimeter tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM), it concludes that melamine salts act as gas agent to provide migration impetus and expanded power, which caused a well-structured and strong char that had better ability to endure heat erosion. A good synergistic effect between MA-MMT and IFR is constructed.

Flame-Retardant Properties of Polyester Fabrics Reinforced Phenolic Resin Modified with Silazanes Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Xiao Wen Ren ◽  
Ya Ping Zhu ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Hui Min Qi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Polyester Fabrics ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Limited Oxygen

Phenolic resin modified with methylvinylcyclosilazanes (MVSZ) were prepared and their flame-retardant properties were investigated, and results exhibited that the Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) values increased with the content increasing of MVSZ, and the LOI reach to 40.8, when the content of MVSZ was 26.0%. The flame-retardant and mechanical properties of polyester fabrics reinforced phenolic resin modified with silazanes (PFMS) composites were measured, the results indicated that the LOI and flexural strength were enhanced compared with those of phenolic resins composites.

Synthesis of a Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins: Thermal Stability, Flame Retardancy, and Flame-Retardant Modes

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-184
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
S. Li
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Limited Oxygen

Abstract A polyphosphonate (PDPA) flame retardant that contains phenyl phosphonic dichloride and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide groups, has been synthesized. The flame retardant was introduced into epoxy resins (EP) and cured by 4,4’-diamino diphenylmethane. The vertical burning, limited-oxygen index and cone calorimeter tests reveal that the PDPA can enhance the flame-retardant properties of the EP significantly. With only a 4 wt% PDPA loading, the EP composites achieved a limited-oxygen index value of 33.4% and a V-0 rating in the vertical burning test, and the peak heat release rate and total heat release were decreased by 40.9% and 24.6%, respectively. The thermal properties and gas pyrolysis products of the EP composites were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the morphology and structure of residual char were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Flourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. To explain the combined effects of the condensed and gas phases, modes of the flame-retardant action are proposed.

Preparation of microcellular poly(lactic acid) composites foams with improved flame retardancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Wentao Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Limited Oxygen

In this study, flame-retardant poly(lactic acid) foams with satisfactory cell structures were prepared by microcellular foaming technology using phosphorus-containing flame retardant and graphene as the charring agent. The introduction of 5–30 wt% flame retardant increased the limited oxygen index value of poly(lactic acid) from 19.0 to 26.5–37.8% and simultaneously increased the foam expansion of poly(lactic acid) foams from 4.4 to 5.8–17.5. In addition, all the prepared poly(lactic acid)/flame-retardant composites passed the UL-94 V-0 rating. The addition of 0.5 wt% graphene increased the limited oxygen index value of poly(lactic acid)/flame-retardant composite with flame-retardant content of 15 wt% from 27.9 to 29.2%, and more graphene additions improved the antidripping behavior of poly(lactic acid) composites. The possible mechanisms of the effects of the resultant cellular structure on the flame-retardant properties of poly(lactic acid) composites were also discussed.

Flame Retardant Properties of Two Different Synthetic Process of Ammonium Polyphosphates

2013 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Gou Sheng Liu ◽  
Yue Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Limited Oxygen

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) produced by non-P2O5 process and traditional P2O5 process were used in the intumescent flame retardant (IFR) polypropylene (PP) composite (IFR-PP). The composite was tested by limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94. TGA and SEM were used to study the decomposition processes. Results showed that when the ratio of APP-II/ pentaerythritol/melamine is 3/1/1, the LOI value is 33.1, and all composite could reach UL-94 V0 rating. The results showed that APP by non-P2O5 process had similar IFR properties as APP of traditional P2O5 process

scholarly journals Effects of collagen fiber addition on the combustion and thermal stability of natural rubber

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Xu ◽  
Xintao Wu ◽  
Qilin Wen ◽  
Shuangyang Li ◽  
Yongjiao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Air Pockets ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Limited Oxygen ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Abstract Collagen fiber (CF) and silane coupling agent-modified collagen fiber (MCF) were used as flame retardant filler for natural rubber (NR) modification. The combustion phenomena and properties of composites blended with different dosages of CF or MCF were compared to elucidate the flame retardant mechanism of the composites. The flame retardancy of NR can be enhanced effectively by increasing nitrogen content (the nitrogen content of CF is about 18%), creating air pockets, and structuring the flame retardant network in the composites. MCF failed to structure a flame retardant network in the composite, indicating that its modification effects of MCF are weaker than those of CF. When CF dosage was 30 wt%, the composite can achieve the best flame retardancy, with limited oxygen index of 29.4% and without smoke and dripping during burning. This study demonstrated a new method for the flame retardant modification of NR. Graphical abstract

Influence of Intumescent Flame Retardant on Flammability and Tensile Behavior of Oil-Extended SEBS

2013 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Li ◽  
Yan Chun Li ◽  
Chen Jie Shi ◽  
Si Si Cai ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Char Layer ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Limited Oxygen

A kind of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) were used for flame retarding of oil-extended hydrogenated styrene-butylenes-styrene (O-SEBS). The samples were systemically characterized by limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the IFR retardant can promote residual chars with multi-micro holes on the surface of SEBS to inhibit flame; with 45% IFR content, the LOI is 28.3 and flame retardant level is UL-94 classification of V-0, with no dripping. The morphological structures observed by SEM demonstrated that higher IFR content promote to form larger and compact films cover on bubbles of the intumescent char layer. The TG data revealed that the IFR could change the degradation behavior of the O-SEBS, enhance the thermal stability and increase the char residue, The tensile strength of all the O-SEBS/IFR blends had the tensile strength of more than 4MPa and the elongation of more than 850%.

Flame-retardant behaviors of aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite in epoxy resin

2020 ◽  
pp. 073490412093408
Author(s):  
Wei Yan ◽  
Pu Xie ◽  
Zhengwei Yang ◽  
Guangjin Luo ◽  
Weijiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Heterogeneous Precipitation ◽  
Aluminum Phosphates ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Limited Oxygen

Aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite nanocomposite was fabricated via a simple one-pot heterogeneous precipitation strategy, and the effects of aluminum phosphates on the morphology of aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite were investigated. Moreover, the effect of aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite on the flame-retardant behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of epoxy resin have been discussed. The results indicated that the introduction of only 20 wt% aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite in epoxy resin increased the limited oxygen index from 21.8% to 30.1%, thus the material met the UL-94 V-0 rating. Thermogravimetric analyses revealed that char yield increased in the presence of aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite form thermally stable carbonaceous char. Aluminum phosphates–coated sepiolite could improve the mechanical performance, thermal stability of epoxy resin.

Basic Polymer Material Properties for Flame Spread

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Delichatsios
Keyword(s):  
Flame Spread ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Limited Oxygen

We present and demonstrate the application of a systematic methodology for predicting fire spread and growth and for a relative fire hazard classification of materials for any scale and fire environment. This methodol ogy consists of three steps: (1) select laboratory test methods to perform flam mability measurements; (2) based on these measurements, obtain key flamma bility material properties which are precisely defined in this work; and (3) use these properties in a mathematical model of fire spread and growth to predict fire hazards. The complementary test methods we have selected and used are: (a) a general flammability test apparatus (such as NIST or FMRC) [1,2] modified to also provide pyrolysis measurements in an inert N2 atmosphere; (b) the Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) apparatus, which is used here as a tool for ob taining properties needed for creeping flame spread and extinction, including vitiated environments; and (c) a solid material smoke-point height apparatus [8], which is used to characterize the smokiness of the burning material needed to determine the radiation and smoke yield for arbitrary fire situations (wall fires, pool fires or ceiling fires) [8]. The use and proper interpretation of the Limited Oxygen Index apparatus can replace the LIFT [10] apparatus for deter mining in a more accurate and direct way the material properties required for creeping (vertical downward, lateral, horizontal) flame spread. The present methodology has been compared well with experiments in this work and else where [9], and it has been used to predict critical conditions for fire spread [11], not empirically as it is usually done, but based on first principles of fire spread, fire growth and burning, together with material flammability properties syste matically deduced from small-scale test measurements.

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