Biological Colors

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 779-779
Author(s):  
Qin Guo Fan
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Biochemical Process ◽  
Selective Reflection ◽  
Unique Color ◽  
Reflection Of Light ◽  
Generation Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Component

Biological systems have their unique color generation mechanisms based on the selective reflection of light using colorants, scattering, interference and diffraction principles. Plants and animals can use either biochromes or schemochromes effectively thus presenting to us a beautiful colored world. Biochromes like chlorophylls and carotenoids are colorants synthesized by biological systems via a biochemical process and can reflect components of white light selectively, whereas schemochromes rely on the colorless structural characteristics of a biological component to generate a specific range of the visible light. Examples of both biochromes and schemochromes are presented and the current research progress discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Recent Developments of Antimony-Based Anodes for Sodium- and Potassium-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochao Chen ◽  
Ming Liang ◽  
Qingzhao Wu ◽  
Shan Zhu ◽  
Naiqin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Weak Charge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
High Theoretical Capacity ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractThe development of sodium-ion (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) has increased rapidly because of the abundant resources and cost-effectiveness of Na and K. Antimony (Sb) plays an important role in SIBs and PIBs because of its high theoretical capacity, proper working voltage, and low cost. However, Sb-based anodes have the drawbacks of large volume changes and weak charge transfer during the charge and discharge processes, thus leading to poor cycling and rapid capacity decay. To address such drawbacks, many strategies and a variety of Sb-based materials have been developed in recent years. This review systematically introduces the recent research progress of a variety of Sb-based anodes for SIBs and PIBs from the perspective of composition selection, preparation technologies, structural characteristics, and energy storage behaviors. Moreover, corresponding examples are presented to illustrate the advantages or disadvantages of these anodes. Finally, we summarize the challenges of the development of Sb-based materials for Na/K-ion batteries and propose potential research directions for their further development.

Research Progress on Microreactor Technology in oxidation reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Mengjing Zhu ◽  
Fuwei Xianga ◽  
Junfeng Li ◽  
Hongjun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Heat Transfer Performance ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Olefin Oxidation ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Safety Production ◽  
Microreactor Technology ◽  
Mass And Heat Transfer

: In recent years, the development of the chemical industry has been moving in a green, safe and efficient direction. Oxidation reactions are one of the most important types of reaction, and have key applications in food, medicine, and cosmetics, petrochemicals. However, the occurrence of the oxidation reaction is accompanied by a strong exothermic phenomenon, and improper control can easily lead to safety problems and even explosions. The realization of an environmentally friendly oxidation reaction is a key industrial milestone. The unique structural characteristics of microreactors result in good mass and heat transfer performance, precise control of the reaction temperature, reduced risk of explosion, improved safety production and selectivity of products. These unique advantages of the microreactor determine its significant application value in oxidation reactions. In this paper, the research progress of several typical oxidation reactions including alkane oxidation, alcohol oxidation, aldosterone oxidation, aromatics oxidation and olefin oxidation combined with microreactors is reviewed systematically.

scholarly journals Tuning selective reflection of light by surface anchoring in cholesteric cells with oblique helicoidal structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena S. Iadlovska ◽  
Graham R. Maxwell ◽  
Greta Babakhanova ◽  
Georg H. Mehl ◽  
Christopher Welch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Reflection ◽  
Surface Anchoring ◽  
Reflection Of Light

scholarly journals Synthesis and properties of high tilted antiferroelectric esters with partially fluorinated alkoxyalkoxy terminal chains

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Żurowska ◽  
R. Dąbrowski ◽  
J. Dziaduszek ◽  
K. Czupryński ◽  
K. Skrzypek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Selective Reflection ◽  
Helical Pitch ◽  
Phase Transition Temperatures ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Reflection Of Light ◽  
Electrooptical Properties ◽  
Chiral Esters

AbstractNovel chiral esters with partially fluorinated alkoxyalkoxy terminal chains are described. Their phase transition temperatures, enthalpies, and electrooptical properties are reported. A helical pitch in pure compounds and their mixtures based on selective reflection of light is also characterized.

scholarly journals Magnetically tunable selective reflection of light by heliconical cholesterics

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Salili ◽  
J. Xiang ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
Q. Li ◽  
D. A. Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Reflection ◽  
Reflection Of Light

scholarly journals Regulatory Mechanisms of bHLH Transcription Factors in Plant Adaptive Responses to Various Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Qian ◽  
Tongyao Zhang ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Liangpeng Gou ◽  
Jingting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Basic helix-loop-helix proteins (bHLHs) comprise one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants. They have been shown to be involved in responses to various abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, chilling, heavy metal toxicity, iron deficiency, and osmotic damages. By specifically binding to cis-elements in the promoter region of stress related genes, bHLHs can regulate their transcriptional expression, thereby regulating the plant’s adaptive responses. This review focuses on the structural characteristics of bHLHs, the regulatory mechanism of how bHLHs are involved transcriptional activation, and the mechanism of how bHLHs regulate the transcription of target genes under various stresses. Finally, as increasing research demonstrates that flavonoids are usually induced under fluctuating environments, the latest research progress and future research prospects are described on the mechanisms of how flavonoid biosynthesis is regulated by bHLHs in the regulation of the plant’s responses to abiotic stresses.

Living Machines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony J. Prescott ◽  
Paul F. M. J. Verschure
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Living System ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Biological Component

Biomimetics is the development of novel technologies through the distillation of principles from the study of biological systems. Biohybrid systems are formed by at least one biological component—an already existing living system—and at least one artificial, newly engineered component. The development of either biomimetic or biohybrid systems requires a deep understanding of the operation of living systems, and the two fields are united under the theme of “living machines”—the idea that we can construct artifacts that not only mimic life but share some of the same fundamental principles. This chapter sets out the philosophy and history underlying this Living Machines approach and sets the scene for the remainder of this book.

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