Effect of Surface Treatment on Interfacial and Properties of Water Hyacinth Fiber Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Nattawut Chaiyut ◽  
Teerut Petsungwan ◽  
Yutthakarn Boonyuen ◽  
Sansana Moonmanee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Water Hyacinth Fiber

Surface treatment of water hyacinth fiber (WHF) was investigated as a mean of improving interfacial of WHF reinforced poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites. Fiber was treated with sodium hydroxide 15% w/v at 85 °C for 3 h. The composite materials were processed using internal melt mixer and compression molding machine. The weight content of fibervaried from 5 to 25% w/w.The mechanical and thermal properties of pure PLA and composites were compared using universal testing machine, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetricanalysis (TGA).The best mechanical properties of composite were achieved at fiber mass content of 20% w/w in this study, which showed an increase oftensile modulus by 21.6% compared to those of pure PLA. The high tensile modulus but low elongation at break indicates that this material exhibits brittle behavior. The results of TGA andDSC experiments indicated that the addition of fiber enhanced the thermal stability of the composites and WHF can act as a nucleating agent for PLA crystallites. The morphology, evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicated that a uniform dispersion of fiber in the PLA matrix existed. Alkali treatment of fiber increased the interfacial bonding strength and the wettability of the fiber by PLA leading to the enhancement in mechanical properties of the composites.

Influence of extrusion screw speed on the properties of halloysite nanotube impregnated polylactic acid nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitra Venkatesh ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Zhi Cao ◽  
Shane Brennan ◽  
Ian Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Halloysite Nanotube ◽  
The Past

Abstract Poly (lactic acid)/halloysite nanotube (PLA/HNT) nanocomposites have been studied extensively over the past few years owing to the interesting properties of the polymer, PLA, and the nanoclay, HNT, individually and as composites. In this paper, the influence of the screw speed during extrusion was investigated and was found to have a significant impact on the mechanical and thermal performance of the extruded PLA/HNT nanocomposites. To determine the effect of screw speed on PLA/HNT nanocomposites, 5 and 10 wt% of HNTs were blended into the PLA matrix through compounding at screw speeds of 40, 80, and 140 rpm. Virgin PLA was compounded for comparison. The resultant polymer melt was quench cooled onto a calendar system to produce composite films which were assessed for mechanical, thermal, chemical, and surface properties. Results illustrate that in comparison to 40 and 80 rpm, the virgin PLA when compounded at 140 rpm, indicated a significant increase in the mechanical properties. The PLA/HNT 5 wt% nanocomposite compounded at 140 rpm showed significant improvement in the dispersion of HNTs in the PLA matrix which in turn enhanced the mechanical and thermal properties. This can be attributed to the increased melt shear at higher screw speeds.

scholarly journals Effect of Selected Commercial Plasticizers on Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid)/Plasticizer Biodegradable Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Print

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Přemysl Menčík ◽  
Radek Přikryl ◽  
Ivana Stehnová ◽  
Veronika Melčová ◽  
Soňa Kontárová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
3D Print ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Biodegradable Blends

This paper explores the influence of selected commercial plasticizers structure, which are based on esters of citric acid, on mechanical and thermal properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid)/Plasticizer biodegradable blends. These plasticizers were first tested with respect to their miscibility with Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid) (PHB/PLA) blends using a kneading machine. PHB/PLA/plasticizer blends in the weight ratio (wt %) of 60/25/15 were then prepared by single screw and corotating meshing twin screw extruders in the form of filament for further three-dimensional (3D) printing. Mechanical, thermal properties, and shape stability (warping effect) of 3D printed products can be improved just by the addition of appropriate plasticizer to polymeric blend. The goal was to create new types of eco-friendly PHB/PLA/plasticizers blends and to highly improve the poor mechanical properties of neat PHB/PLA blends (with majority of PHB) by adding appropriate plasticizer. Mechanical properties of plasticized blends were then determined by the tensile test of 3D printed test samples (dogbones), as well as filaments. Measured elongation at break rapidly enhanced from 21% for neat non-plasticized PHB/PLA blends (reference) to 328% for best plasticized blends in the form of filament, and from 5% (reference) to 187% for plasticized blends in the form of printed dogbones. The plasticizing effect on blends was confirmed by Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The study of morphology was performed by the Scanning Electron Microscopy. Significant problem of plasticized blends used to be also plasticizer migration, therefore the diffusion of plasticizers from the blends after 15 days of exposition to 110 °C in the drying oven was investigated as their measured weight loss. Almost all of the used plasticizers showed meaningful positive softening effects, but the diffusion of plasticizers at 110 °C exposition was quite extensive. The determination of the degree of disintegration of selected plasticized blend when exposed to a laboratory-scale composting environment was executed to roughly check the “biodegradability”.

Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals for Improving the Mechanical Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamileh Shojaeiarani ◽  
Dilpreet Bajwa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
The Impact

Biopolymers are emerging materials with numerous capabilities of minimizing the environmental hazards caused by synthetic materials. The competitive mechanical properties of bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted a huge interest in improving the mechanical properties of the corresponding nanocomposites. To obtain optimal properties of PLA-CNC nanocomposites, the compatibility between PLA and CNCs needs to be improved through uniform dispersion of CNCs into PLA. The application of chemical surface functionalization technique is an essential step to improve the interaction between hydrophobic PLA and hydrophilic CNCs. In this study, a combination of a time-efficient esterification technique and masterbatch approach was used to improve the CNCs dispersibility in PLA. Nanocomposites reinforced by 1, 3, and 5 wt% functionalized CNCs were prepared using twin screw extrusion followed by injection molding process. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of pure PLA and nanocomposites were studied through tensile, impact and dynamic mechanical analysis. The impact fractured surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical test results exhibited that tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of nanocomposites improved by 70% and 11% upon addition of functionalized CNCs into pure PLA. The elongation at break and impact strength of nanocomposites exhibited 43% and 35% increase as compared to pure PLA. The rough and irregular fracture surface in nanocomposites confirmed the higher ductility in PLA nanocomposites as compared to pure PLA. The incorporation of functionalized CNCs into PLA resulted in an increase in storage modulus and a decrease in tan δ intensity which was more profound in nanocomposites reinforced with 3 wt% functionalized CNCs.

Effect of surface treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of injection molded poly(lactic acid)‐coir fiber biocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 2132-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. González‐López ◽  
A.A. Pérez‐Fonseca ◽  
R. Manríquez‐González ◽  
M. Arellano ◽  
D. Rodrigue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Effect Of Surface

scholarly journals Effect of a Novel Flame Retardant on the Mechanical, Thermal and Combustion Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Mingjun Niu ◽  
Zhongzhou Zhang ◽  
Zizhen Wei ◽  
Wanjie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Biobased Materials ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Ul 94

Poly(lactic) acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biobased materials, but its inherent flammability limits its applications. A novel flame retardant hexa-(DOPO-hydroxymethylphenoxy-dihydroxybiphenyl)-cyclotriphosphazene (HABP-DOPO) for PLA was prepared by bonding 9,10-dihydro-9-oxy-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to cyclotriphosphazene. The morphologies, mechanical properties, thermal stability and burning behaviors of PLA/HABP-DOPO blends were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a universal mechanical testing machine, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94) and a cone calorimeter test (CCT). The LOI value reached 28.5% and UL-94 could pass V-0 for the PLA blend containing 25 wt% HABP-DOPO. A significant improvement in fire retardant performance was observed for PLA/HABP-DOPO blends. PLA/HABP-DOPO blends exhibited balanced mechanical properties. The flame retardant mechanism of PLA/HABP-DOPO blends was evaluated.

Effect of surface treatments of jute fibers on the microstructural and mechanical responses of poly(lactic acid)/jute fiber biocomposites

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (77) ◽  
pp. 73373-73382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tahir Zafar ◽  
Saurindra Nath Maiti ◽  
Anup Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Interface Adhesion ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Jute Fibers ◽  
Effect Of Surface

The effect of surface treatment of jute fibers on matrix/fiber interface adhesion in PLA/jute fiber biocomposites was explored in terms of mechanical, morphological, thermal and thermo mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Bamboo Fiber Based Cellulose Nanocrystals/Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Nanocomposites: Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Properties

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Masrat Rasheed ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid ◽  
Bisma Parveez
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Butylene Succinate

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from bamboo fiber on the properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites fabricated by melt mixing at 175 °C and then hot pressing at 180 °C. PBS and CNC (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 wt.%) were added to improvise the properties of PLA. The morphological, physiochemical and crystallinity properties of nanocomposites were analysed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The thermal and tensile properties were analysed by thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Universal testing machine (UTM). PLA-PBS blend shows homogeneous morphology while the composite shows rod-like CNC particles, which are embedded in the polymer matrix. The uniform distribution of CNC particles in the nanocomposites improves their thermal stability, tensile strength and tensile modulus up to 1 wt.%; however, their elongation at break decreases. Thus, CNC addition in PLA-PBS matrix improves structural and thermal properties of the composite. The composite, thus developed, using CNC (a natural fiber) and PLA-PBS (biodegradable polymers) could be of immense importance as they could allow complete degradation in soil, making it a potential alternative material to existing packaging materials in the market that could be environment friendly.

Studies on Processing Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/Sesbania Gum/Nano-silica Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Sesbania Gum

Processing rheological properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/sesbania gum (SG)/nano-silica composites were investigated with a torque rheometer, and mechanical properties were researched by a universal testing machine and a cantilever-beam impact testing machine. Effects of SG content, nano-silica content, the types of plasticisers, the plasticiser content and the rotor speed of a torque rheometer on the properties of composites were discussed. The results indicated that polyethylene glycol (PEG)20000 exhibited the best plasticising effect on the composites, and at the same time, did not increase energy consumption of the systems compared with other four plasticisers. As for the aspect of processing rheological properties, the optimum formulation for PLA/SG/ nano-SiO2/PEG20000 composites was: 100 parts of PLA, 8 parts of SG, 2 parts of nano-SiO2, and 5–10 parts of PEG20000. Comparing with unmodified PLA, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the composites improved greatly, based on the results of the tensile, impact and bending tests.

Effects of Processing Parameters and Nanofillers on Mechanical and Thermal Properties and Morphology of Impact Modified Poly (lactic acid)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eda Acik ◽  
Ulku Yilmazer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTTernary nanocomposites of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) were produced by melt blending with two types of elastomers and five types of organoclays to obtain improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus and impact strength. One of the elastomers is a random copolymer of ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate (E-GMA) and the other one is a random terpolymer of ethylene-butyl acrylate-maleic anhydride (E-BA-MAH). Organically modified montmorillonites (OMMT) were utilized as nanofillers. XRD, DSC, tensile and impact tests were done on the injection molded samples. FTIR, SEM and TEM analyses are still in progress. As preliminary results, thermal analysis showed that the addition of compatibilizers and organoclays does not have a distinct effect on the thermal properties of the composites, and no evidence of nucleation activity of compatibilizers or organoclays was found. For all types of organoclays, the nanocomposites produced with E-GMA exhibited better mechanical properties in comparison to nanocomposites containing E-BA-MAH, especially for the impact strength.

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