scholarly journals Bamboo Fiber Based Cellulose Nanocrystals/Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Nanocomposites: Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Properties

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Masrat Rasheed ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid ◽  
Bisma Parveez
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Butylene Succinate

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from bamboo fiber on the properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites fabricated by melt mixing at 175 °C and then hot pressing at 180 °C. PBS and CNC (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 wt.%) were added to improvise the properties of PLA. The morphological, physiochemical and crystallinity properties of nanocomposites were analysed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The thermal and tensile properties were analysed by thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Universal testing machine (UTM). PLA-PBS blend shows homogeneous morphology while the composite shows rod-like CNC particles, which are embedded in the polymer matrix. The uniform distribution of CNC particles in the nanocomposites improves their thermal stability, tensile strength and tensile modulus up to 1 wt.%; however, their elongation at break decreases. Thus, CNC addition in PLA-PBS matrix improves structural and thermal properties of the composite. The composite, thus developed, using CNC (a natural fiber) and PLA-PBS (biodegradable polymers) could be of immense importance as they could allow complete degradation in soil, making it a potential alternative material to existing packaging materials in the market that could be environment friendly.

Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Graphene Nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalupak Rattanakot ◽  
Pranut Potiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an interesting material as an environmentally-friendly replacement of petroleum-based polymers. However, some properties need improvements in order to commercially utilized PLA. In this work, graphene is used as a reinforcing filler and poly(vinyl alcohol) is used as a carrier to enhance dispersion of graphene in PLA matrix. The addition of graphene aims at improving the mechanical and thermal properties of PLA. The functional groups of graphene were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical property testing was performed using a universal testing machine. The thermal properties were measured through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). As a result, the Young’s modulus and the thermal properties of PLA composites increased as the amount of graphene in the composites increased due to improved dispersion of graphene in PLA matrix.

Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) and Poly(Butylene Succinate) Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Gridtapas Buranasing ◽  
Ratchanon Piemjaiswang ◽  
Satit Yousatit ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blended with poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) were prepared by using twin screw extruder and injection molding machine at various contents of PBS from 0-15 wt%. The surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles was treated using aminopropyl trimethoxy silane (ATS) order to disperse them into the biopolymer blends. The mechanical and thermal properties of PLA/PBS/TiO2 nanocomposites were investigated over a range of filler content 0-5 wt%. All samples with a wide range of TiO2 addition exhibit the translucency. The surface morphology showed that the addition of PBS at 10 wt% was miscible with PLA while the other contents of PBS exhibited phase separation in the blends. Additionally, a uniform dispersion of filler in the matrix existed when the nanoparticles content was less than 3 wt%. The surface treated nanoparticles played an important role in mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites because of its well dispersion and strong interfacial interaction between the nanoparticles and PLA/PBS matrix.

scholarly journals Effect of HNT on mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/polypropylene carbonate blends

Polimery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Intan Najwa Humaira Mohamed Haneef ◽  
Yose Fachmi Buys ◽  
Norhashimah Mohd Shaffiar ◽  
Sharifah Imihezri Syed Shaharuddin ◽  
Abdul Malek Abdul Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Dsc Thermograms

In this work, the influence of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on the mechanical and thermal properties of the poly(lactic acid)/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC 70/30) blend was studied. The HNT was incorporated into the PLA/PPC blend by melt mixing. It was found that addition of 2-6 wt % HNT successfully improved the tensile and flexural strength as well as the flexural and Young’s  moduli of PLA/PPC blend, due to the reinforcing effect. Although the elongation at break decreases with increasing HNT content, its value is much higher than that of pure PLA. Moreover, the addition of HNT didnot affect the miscibility of PLA and PPC, since two glass transition temperatures were observed in the DSC thermograms. However, a higher content of HNT may improve the compatibility between PLA and PPC as evidenced by the lower difference between the glass transition temperature of PPC and PLA and reduced crystallinity resulting in higher tensile strength of nanocomposites.Keywords: PLA, PPC, HNT, mechanical properties, thermal properties.

Influence of extrusion screw speed on the properties of halloysite nanotube impregnated polylactic acid nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitra Venkatesh ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Zhi Cao ◽  
Shane Brennan ◽  
Ian Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Halloysite Nanotube ◽  
The Past

Abstract Poly (lactic acid)/halloysite nanotube (PLA/HNT) nanocomposites have been studied extensively over the past few years owing to the interesting properties of the polymer, PLA, and the nanoclay, HNT, individually and as composites. In this paper, the influence of the screw speed during extrusion was investigated and was found to have a significant impact on the mechanical and thermal performance of the extruded PLA/HNT nanocomposites. To determine the effect of screw speed on PLA/HNT nanocomposites, 5 and 10 wt% of HNTs were blended into the PLA matrix through compounding at screw speeds of 40, 80, and 140 rpm. Virgin PLA was compounded for comparison. The resultant polymer melt was quench cooled onto a calendar system to produce composite films which were assessed for mechanical, thermal, chemical, and surface properties. Results illustrate that in comparison to 40 and 80 rpm, the virgin PLA when compounded at 140 rpm, indicated a significant increase in the mechanical properties. The PLA/HNT 5 wt% nanocomposite compounded at 140 rpm showed significant improvement in the dispersion of HNTs in the PLA matrix which in turn enhanced the mechanical and thermal properties. This can be attributed to the increased melt shear at higher screw speeds.

Preparation and Characterization of Micro-Graphite Filled Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites: Part 1 - Rheological and Thermal Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Esa N. Shohih ◽  
Mujtahid Kaavessina ◽  
Henry A. S. Lomi ◽  
Betha P. Pratiwi ◽  
Sperisa Distantina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Stirring Time

Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have attracted great attention of researchers due to their enhanced properties such as an adjustable electrical conductivity, good processability, good mechanical and thermal properties, etc. CPCs had many potencies for wider application in electronic devices. Poly (lactic acid) or PLA is one of the interesting polymers used in the developing of these new important materials. PLA properties are comparable to the synthetic petroleum-based polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), etc. This research focuses on studying the rheological and thermal properties of PLA/micro-graphite as a conductive polymer composite which adjustable its electrical conductivity. In this study, the PLA/micro-graphite was prepared through solvent blending method using chloroform. The micro-graphite composition was varied from 0%, 5%, and 10 % (w/w) with different stirring time (30 and 60 minutes) and then, poured in glass mould. In the melt rheology study, the frequency sweep test showed that the complex viscosity (|η*|) of the bio-composite increased with the micro-graphite loading. The same tendency was also found in thermal property and stability. The melting temperature and thermal degradation were slightly increasing. The crystallinity of PLA was influenced by the presence of micro-graphite. In this solvent blending method, the homogeneous distribution of micro-graphite in the bio-composite required at least 60 minutes (stirred at 650 rpm and 60 °C).

scholarly journals Effect of Selected Commercial Plasticizers on Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid)/Plasticizer Biodegradable Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Print

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Přemysl Menčík ◽  
Radek Přikryl ◽  
Ivana Stehnová ◽  
Veronika Melčová ◽  
Soňa Kontárová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
3D Print ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Biodegradable Blends

This paper explores the influence of selected commercial plasticizers structure, which are based on esters of citric acid, on mechanical and thermal properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid)/Plasticizer biodegradable blends. These plasticizers were first tested with respect to their miscibility with Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid) (PHB/PLA) blends using a kneading machine. PHB/PLA/plasticizer blends in the weight ratio (wt %) of 60/25/15 were then prepared by single screw and corotating meshing twin screw extruders in the form of filament for further three-dimensional (3D) printing. Mechanical, thermal properties, and shape stability (warping effect) of 3D printed products can be improved just by the addition of appropriate plasticizer to polymeric blend. The goal was to create new types of eco-friendly PHB/PLA/plasticizers blends and to highly improve the poor mechanical properties of neat PHB/PLA blends (with majority of PHB) by adding appropriate plasticizer. Mechanical properties of plasticized blends were then determined by the tensile test of 3D printed test samples (dogbones), as well as filaments. Measured elongation at break rapidly enhanced from 21% for neat non-plasticized PHB/PLA blends (reference) to 328% for best plasticized blends in the form of filament, and from 5% (reference) to 187% for plasticized blends in the form of printed dogbones. The plasticizing effect on blends was confirmed by Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The study of morphology was performed by the Scanning Electron Microscopy. Significant problem of plasticized blends used to be also plasticizer migration, therefore the diffusion of plasticizers from the blends after 15 days of exposition to 110 °C in the drying oven was investigated as their measured weight loss. Almost all of the used plasticizers showed meaningful positive softening effects, but the diffusion of plasticizers at 110 °C exposition was quite extensive. The determination of the degree of disintegration of selected plasticized blend when exposed to a laboratory-scale composting environment was executed to roughly check the “biodegradability”.

Morphology, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer/Cellulose Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 972 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Sirirat Wacharawichanant ◽  
Patteera Opasakornwong ◽  
Ratchadakorn Poohoi ◽  
Manop Phankokkruad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Phase Morphology ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Ethylene Copolymer ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This work studied the effects of various types of cellulose fibers on the morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/propylene-ethylene copolymer (PEC) (90/10 w/w) blends. The PLA/PEC blends before and after adding cellulose fibers were prepared by melt blending method in the internal mixer and molded by compression method. The morphological analysis observed that the presence of cellulose in PLA did not change the phase morphology of PLA, and PLA/cellulose composite surfaces were observed the cellulose fibers inserted in PLA matrix and fiber pull-out. The phase morphology of PLA/PEC blends was changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture behavior and showed the phase separation between PLA and PEC phases. The presence of celluloses did not improve the compatibility between PLA and PEC phases. The tensile stress and strain curves found that the tensile stress of PLA was the highest value. The addition of all celluloses increased Young’s modulus of PLA. The PEC presence increased the tensile strain of PLA over two times when compared with neat PLA and PLA was toughened by PEC. The incorporation of cellulose fibers in PLA/PEC blends could improve Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and stress at break of the blends. The thermal stability showed that the degradation temperatures of all types of cellulose were less than the degradation temperatures of PLA. Thus, the incorporation of cellulose in PLA could not enhance the thermal stability of PLA composites and PLA/PEC composites. The degradation temperature of PEC was the highest value, but it could not improve the thermal stability of PLA. The incorporation of cellulose fibers had no effect on the melting temperature of the PLA blend and composites.

Effect of cellulose nanofibers from cassava pulp on physical properties of poly(lactic acid) biocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094-1108
Author(s):  
Thanh Chi Nguyen ◽  
Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat ◽  
Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Cassava Pulp ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Alkali Hydrolysis ◽  
Internal Mixer

Biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) extracted from cassava pulp were successfully prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer. CNFs were prepared from cassava pulp by submitting to alkali hydrolysis, bleaching treatment, and acid hydrolysis. The compatibility between CNFs and PLA matrix was improved using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted PLA (PLA-g-GMA) as an effective compatibilizer. Higher elongation at break and impact strength of PLA/PLA-g-GMA/CNFs biocomposites was achieved compared to that of neat PLA. PLA-g-GMA shows a strong effect on the crystallization behavior of the biocomposites. The PLA/PLA-g-GMA/CNFs biocomposites induce cold crystallization to take place at lower temperature. Higher degree of crystallinity of PLA/PLA-g-GMA/CNFs biocomposites was obtained compared to PLA/CNFs biocomposites. The mechanical and thermal properties of PLA/CNFs biocomposites at various ratios were investigated. With increasing CNFs contents, the modulus of the biocomposites increases. Thermal stability of PLA/CNFs and PLA/PLA-g-GMA/CNFs biocomposites did not change significantly compared to that of neat PLA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document