Synthesis, Characterization, and Flocculation Properties of Branched Polyacrylamide

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 2311-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Min Sun ◽  
Guang Cheng Zhang ◽  
He Lin Li ◽  
Dong Dong Li ◽  
Pei Pei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Self ◽  
Solution Polymerization ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Acrylamide Monomer ◽  
Clay Suspensions

A water soluble branched polyacrylamide has been synthesized through solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated by potassium diperiodatocuprate, K5[Cu(HIO6)2](Cu(III)), in alkaline medium and capable of initiating the self condensation vinyl polymerization of acrylamide monomer. The polymer obtained was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Its flocculation properties were evaluated with clay suspensions using standard jar tests. The concentration of monomers, concentration of initiators, reaction temperature and solution pH on the influence of intrinsic viscosity and flocculation properties of production were studied. The results demonstrate that the branched polymer can be used as a kind of novel flocculant in water and wastewater treatment.

Synthesis, Characterization and Floculating Properties of Coply(AM-DAC) in Water and Wastewater Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1369-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wein Min Sun ◽  
Guang Cheng Zhang ◽  
Meng Meng Su ◽  
He Lin Li ◽  
Xia Lei
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Sodium Sulfite ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Solution Polymerization ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Initiation System ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Clay Suspensions

A cationic polymeric flocculant was synthesized through solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated by acrylamide and Aacryloxyethyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride(DAC) monomers, and ammonium persulfate and sodium sulfite as redox initiation system. The copolymer obtained was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Its flocculating properties were evaluated by turbidity removal with clay suspensions, turbidity and COD removal with sewage using standard jar tests. The results demonstrate that the copolymer can be used as a kind of cationic polymeric flocculant in water and wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Flocculation Properties of Branched Cationic Polyacrylamide

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Sun ◽  
Guangcheng Zhang ◽  
Ling Pan ◽  
Helin Li ◽  
Aihua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Self ◽  
Solution Polymerization ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Initiator Concentration ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Cationic Polyacrylamide

A water soluble branched cationic polyacrylamide (BCPAM) was synthesized using solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated using potassium diperiodatocuprate, K5[Cu(HIO6)2](Cu(III)), initiating the self-condensing vinyl copolymerization of acrylamide and acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) monomer. The resulting copolymer was characterized by the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Its flocculation properties were evaluated with standard jar tests of sewage. The effects of initiator concentration, monomer concentration, reaction temperature, and the mass ratio of monomers on intrinsic viscosity and flocculation properties of the product were determined using single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiment.

Properties of flocs produced by water treatment coagulants

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gregory ◽  
V. Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Optical Technique ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Clay Suspensions ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride ◽  
Floc Breakage

Hydrolyzing coagulants are extensively used in water and wastewater treatment, often under conditions where hydroxide precipitation is important, giving “sweep flocculation”. Pre-hydrolyzed coagulants, such as polyaluminium chloride (PACl) are also widely used and have several advantages over traditional additives, such as aluminium sulfate. Their action is usually discussed in terms of cationic species and charge neutralization. However, precipitation may also be important and this aspect has not been considered in detail. The present work has compared the action of alum and three commercial PACl products on model clay suspensions. The conventional jar test procedure has been used, along with measurements of settled floc volume and dynamic monitoring of floc formation and break-up by an optical technique. The latter method gives very useful information on the nature of the flocs produced and their response to different shear conditions. It is clear from the results that the PACl products form larger and stronger flocs than alum. With all coagulants floc breakage appears to be essentially irreversible. Sediment volumes are slightly lower for flocs produced by PACl than by alum, but the value is proportional to the dosage in all cases.

scholarly journals Effect of pH on Zero Valent Iron Performance in Heterogeneous Fenton and Fenton-Like Processes: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rezaei ◽  
Davide Vione
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Heterogeneous Fenton ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Heterogeneous Fenton processes with solid catalysts have gained much attention for water and wastewater treatment in recent years. In the field of solid catalysts, zero valent iron (ZVI) is among the most applicable due to its stability, activity, pollutant degradation properties and environmental friendliness. The main limitation in the use of ZVI in heterogeneous Fenton systems is due to its deactivation in neutral and alkaline conditions, and Fenton-like processes have been developed to overcome this difficulty. In this review, the effect of solution pH on the ZVI-Fenton performance is discussed. In addition, the pH trend of ZVI efficiency towards contaminants removal is also considered in oxic solutions (i.e., in the presence of dissolved O2 but without H2O2), as well as in magnetic-field assisted Fenton, sono-Fenton, photo-Fenton and microwave-Fenton processes at different pH values. The comparison of the effect of pH on ZVI performance, taking into account both heterogeneous Fenton and different Fenton-like processes, can guide future studies for developing ZVI applications in water and wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) Ion Adsorption Conditions on Pliocene Clays from Post-Mining Waste

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Beata Jabłońska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Lignite mining results in a significant amount of waste clayey materials—the so-called Pliocene clays, which are often considered useless mineral waste. One method of management is to use them as inexpensive adsorbents in water and wastewater treatment, or as permeable barriers in groundwater remediation. The study is an attempt to use the raw Pliocene clays to remove Pb(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) ions from wastewaters. The mineralogical composition, physicochemical, granulometric, structural, and surface properties were examined. The value of the point of zero charge pH of the adsorbent was found to be 7.1. To determine the optimal adsorption conditions, the central composite design (CCD) method was used with the pH of the solution, metal ion concentration, and the adsorbent mass as independent variables, and the percentage removal as the response variable. The determined optimal values of the adsorbent mass and the solution pH turned out to be similar for all three metals, with a pH of 6–7 and an adsorbent dose of 18–24 g/dm3. In further tests, the pH was established slightly lower than it would appear from the CCD method in order to avoid the possible precipitation of metals in the form of hydroxides. The kinetics of sorption were investigated and it was found that the sorption process ran for several minutes. The effect of temperature showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and thermodynamically favored. The leachability of the metals indicated that Pb(II) and Zn(II) were strongly bound in the adsorbent, whereas Ni(II) manifested a larger mobility. It was found that the tested clays had quite good sorption properties in relation to the tested metal ions and could be used for water and wastewater treatment.

A dual-responsive supra-amphiphile based on a water-soluble pillar[7]arene and a naphthalene diimide-containing guest

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (33) ◽  
pp. 7215-7218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Shao ◽  
Jiong Zhou ◽  
Bin Hua ◽  
Guocan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Self ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Dual Responsive ◽  
Naphthalene Diimide ◽  
Long Alkyl Chain

A dual-responsive supra-amphiphile was firstly constructed based on a water-soluble pillar[7]arene and a naphthalene diimide-containing guest with a long alkyl chain and a trimethylammonium group. The morphology of the self-assembly formed from this supra-amphiphile could be adjusted by changing the solution pH or adding α-cyclodextrin.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Homogeneous Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muruganandham ◽  
R. P. S. Suri ◽  
Sh. Jafari ◽  
M. Sillanpää ◽  
Gang-Juan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Oxidant Concentration ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Water And Wastewater

This paper reports on recent developments in homogeneous Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for the treatment of water and wastewater. It has already been established that AOPs are very efficient compared to conventional treatment methods for degradation and mineralization of recalcitrant pollutants present in water and wastewater. AOPs generate a powerful oxidizing agent, hydroxyl radical, which can react with most of the pollutants present in wastewater. Therefore, it is important to discuss recent developments in AOPs. The homogeneous AOPs such as O3, UV/O3, UV/O3/H2O2, and UV/H2O2, Fe2+/H2O2, UV/Fe2+/H2O2on the degradation of pollutants are discussed in this paper. The influence on the process efficiency of various experimental parameters such as solution pH, temperature, oxidant concentration, and the dosage of the light source is discussed. A list of contaminants used for degradation by various AOPs and the experimental conditions used for the treatment are discussed in detail.

Highly fouling resistant ultrafiltration membranes for water and wastewater treatments

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
H. Susanto ◽  
M. Ulbricht
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Layer Composite ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
New Generation

Control of fouling is a critical issue to increase the competitiveness of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for drinking water and wastewater treatments. Highly fouling resistant UF membranes synthesized by photo-graft copolymerization of a water soluble monomer, poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), onto a polyethersulfone UF membrane have been evaluated with respect to the adsorptive as well as the ultrafiltration fouling. Protein, humic substance and polysaccharide solutions were used as the model for foulants occurring in the water sources for drinking water as well as in wastewater effluents. The results show that the modified membranes exhibited a much higher fouling resistance for all foulants than the unmodified membranes. Their combined high fouling resistance and high rejection suggests that the obtained modified membranes are very promising as a new generation of thin-layer composite low fouling UF membranes for drinking water and wastewater treatment applications.

Conductivity Studies of Schiff Base Ligands Derived from O-Phenylenediamine and Their Co(II) and Zn(II) Complexes

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Muhamad Faridz Osman ◽  
Karimah Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Coordination Complexes ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Schiff Base Ligands

The coordination complexes of Co(II) and Zn(II) with Schiff bases derived from o-phenylenediamine and substituted 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde were prepared All compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy elemental analyzers. They were analyzed using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 100Hz-1 MHz. LI and L2 showed higher conductivity compared to their metal complexes, which had values of 1.3 7 x 10-7 and 6.13 x 10-8 S/cm respectively. 

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