Effect of Nano-Silica Loading on Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Food Packaging Based LLDPE Film

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 919-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee ◽  
Arjaree Pradittham ◽  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Chiravoot Pechyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Blown Film ◽  
Morphology Of Films ◽  
Future Work

In the present work, nano-silica was used in preparing LLDPE/nano-silica as an outer layer film for LLDPE reinforced nano-silica/LDPE/LLDPE multilayer film for microwavable packaging materials in future work. Thus, the objective of this work was studied the optimal of modified nano-silica loading into LLDPE film on barrier and mechanical properties. The experiments were divided into 2 main steps: surface treatment of nano-silica with vinyltriethoxysilane by ultrasonic agitation, and preparation of linear low density polyethylene film reinforced with untreated and treated nano-silica which different silica quantities are 1, 3, and 5 phr by blown film extruder. And then the surface morphology of films was examined by SEM. The properties of the film were analysis, oxygen transmission rate of film was characterized by OTR, water vapor transmission rate of film was characterized by WVTR, and tensile properties (tensile strength, % elongation and modulus) of films were examined by universal testing machine. Results indicated that the LLDPE loaded with 1 phr of nano-silica treated with vinyltriethoxysilane had better tensile strength and % elongation than at 3 and 5 phr of treated and untreated nano-silica.

scholarly journals Renewable cellulosic nanocomposites for food packaging to avoid fossil fuel plastic pollution: a review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair Qasim ◽  
Ahmed I. Osman ◽  
Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb ◽  
Charlie Farrell ◽  
Mohammed Al-Abri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Cellulose Nanoparticles

Abstract The extensive use of petroleum-based synthetic and non-biodegradable materials for packaging applications has caused severe environmental damage. The rising demand for sustainable packaging materials has encouraged scientists to explore abundant unconventional materials. For instance, cellulose, extracted from lignocellulosic biomass, has gained attention owing to its ecological and biodegradable nature. This article reviews the extraction of cellulose nanoparticles from conventional and non-conventional lignocellulosic biomass, and the preparation of cellulosic nanocomposites for food packaging. Cellulosic nanocomposites exhibit exceptional mechanical, biodegradation, optical and barrier properties, which are attributed to the nanoscale structure and the high specific surface area, of 533 m2 g−1, of cellulose. The mechanical properties of composites improve with the content of cellulose nanoparticles, yet an excessive amount induces agglomeration and, in turn, poor mechanical properties. Addition of cellulose nanoparticles increases tensile properties by about 42%. Barrier properties of the composites are reinforced by cellulose nanoparticles; for instance, the water vapor permeability decreased by 28% in the presence of 5 wt% cellulose nanoparticles. Moreover, 1 wt% addition of filler decreased the oxygen transmission rate by 21%. We also discuss the eco-design process, designing principles and challenges.

scholarly journals Styrene–Acrylic Emulsion with “Transition Layer” for Damping Coating: Synthesis and Characterization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Daoyuan Chen ◽  
Mingjin Ding ◽  
Zhixiong Huang ◽  
Yanbing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Seeded Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Acrylic Emulsion ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical

In order to study the dynamic mechanical properties of styrene–acrylic latex with a core/shell structure, a variety of latexes were synthesized by semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization based on “particle design” with the same material. The latexes were characterized by rotary viscosimeter, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and universal testing machine. The effects of difference at the glass transition temperature (Tg) of core and shell and the introduction of the “transition layer” on the damping and mechanical properties of latex film were studied. The results indicate that as the Tg of core and shell gets closer, the better the compatibility of core and shell, from phase separation to phase continuity. Furthermore, the introduction of the “transition layer” can effectively improve the tensile strength and tan δ (max) of the latex film. The tensile strength and maximum loss factor (f = 1 Hz) of latex with the “transition layer” increased by 36.73% and 29.11% respectively compared with the latex without the “transition layer”. This work provides a reference for the design of emulsion for damping coating.

scholarly journals Design and Development of Enhanced Antimicrobial Breathable Biodegradable Polymeric Films for Food Packaging Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3527
Author(s):  
Mona M. Abd Al-Ghani ◽  
Rasha A. Azzam ◽  
Tarek M. Madkour
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Microporous Films ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

The principle of breathable food packaging is to provide the optimal number of pores to transfer a sufficient amount of fresh air into the packaging headspace. In this work, antimicrobial microporous eco-friendly polymeric membranes were developed for food packaging. Polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were chosen as the main packaging polymers for their biodegradability. To develop the microporous films, sodium chloride (NaCl) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were used as porogenic agents and the membranes were prepared using solvent-casting techniques. The results showed that films with of 50% NaCl and 10% PEO by mass achieved the highest air permeability and oxygen transmission rate (O2TR) with PLA. Meanwhile, blends of 20% PLA and 80% PCL by mass showed the highest air permeability and O2TR at 100% NaCl composition. The microporous membranes were also coated with cinnamaldehyde, a natural antimicrobial ingredient, to avoid the transportation of pathogens through the membranes into the packaged foods. In vitro analysis showed that the biodegradable membranes were not only environmentally friendly but also allowed for maximum food protection through the transportation of sterile fresh air, making them ideal for food packaging applications.

scholarly journals Effects of Zr, Y on the Microstructure and Properties of As-Cast Cu-0.5Y-xZr (wt.%) Alloys

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Dong Liang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Yuxiang Wang ◽  
Zhenjie Liu ◽  
Ying Fu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Universal Material Testing Machine ◽  
Material Testing Machine

In this paper, the microstructure and properties of as-cast Cu-Y-Zr alloys with different Zr content were studied in order to investigate whether the precipitates in copper alloys would interact with each other by adding Y and Zr simultaneously. As-cast Cu-0.5Y-xZr (wt.%, x = 0.05 and 0.1, nominal composition) alloys were prepared by vacuum melting in this study. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the microstructure of the alloys. The mechanical properties of the alloys were tested by universal material testing machine at room temperature. The effects of Zr content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys were explored. As shown by the research results, in the as-cast Cu-0.5Y-xZr (wt.%) alloys, the precipitated phase was the Cu5Y/Cu5Zr phase and ranged from 10 nm to 70 nm in size; when the Zr content increased from 0.05 wt.% to 0.1 wt.%, both the tensile strength and elongation rate of the alloys increased; when the Zr content was 0.1 wt.%, the tensile strength was 225 MPa and the elongation rate was 22.5%.

Influence of Al-10RE Modification on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZL203 Aluminum Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
De Quan Shi ◽  
Gui Li Gao ◽  
Zhi Wei Gao ◽  
Yan Liu Wang ◽  
Xu Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Holding Temperature ◽  
Universal Mechanical Testing Machine

The influence of Al-10RE addition, holding time and holding temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of ZL203 aluminum alloy has been studied respectively through using the optical microscope and the universal mechanical testing machine. The experimental results lead to the following conclusions. When Al-10RE addition is 1.0%-1.5%, the holding time is 15 minutes and the holding temperature is 730°C-750°C, the microstructure of Zl203 is perfect. With the increase of Al-10RE addition, the mechanical properties including tensile strength, elongation rate and hardness gradually increase. When the Al-10RE addition is 1.0%-1.5%, the mechanical properties reaches maximum. When the Al-10RE addition is above 1.5%, the mechanical properties decrease with the increase of Al-10RE addition.

scholarly journals Comparison of mechanical and wearing properties between LM13 matrix and Stir cast LM13/B4C/Gr hybrid composites of various composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.1) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
M.H. Faisal ◽  
S. Prabagaran ◽  
T.S. Vishnu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Carbide Particles

Aluminium/graphite composites are the need of modern times for addressing the fuel saving issues. The graphite in such composites act as solid lubricant and it reduce external fuel requirements. But such composites are having degraded mechanical properties due to the graphite content in composite. In order to solve the negative effect of graphite on mechanical properties of LM13/Gr self-lubricating composite this study was conducted to find out the mechanical properties of LM13/B4C/Gr Metal Matrix Composites. Boron carbide was selected as reinforcement because of its better reinforcement properties compared to alumina and silicon carbide. The properties of the hybrid composites were compared with the LM13/Gr self-lubricating composite to study the enhancement in mechanical properties that has been caused by the boron carbide particles. Using computerized universal testing machine and rock-well hardness tester mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength were tested. Pin on disk testing machine was used to analyse the wear behavior. The test results indicates that by raising weight % of boron carbide particles in the LM13, tensile strength and hardness of the hybrid composites was increased compared to self-lubricating composite accompanied by better tribological properties.

Evaluating the Strength of the Friction Stir Welded Joints at Various Rotational Speeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 312-315
Author(s):  
Ramaraju Ramgopal Varma ◽  
Abdullah Bin Ibrahim ◽  
B. Ravinder Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Welding Technique

The present research paper aims in evaluating the strength of the welded AA6351 alloy plates of 6 mm thick by using friction stir welding technique at different rotational speeds The applied welding technique is capable of achieving the mechanical properties of the alloy close to that of the original alloy. In the present investigation, the speeds of the spindle were varied from 1100 rpm to 1500 rpm with a constant transverse speed of 20 mm/min. The tensile strength of the joints is determined by an universal testing machine. The results from the present investigation show that the values of the yield strength were very much closer to the values of the AA6351Alloy prior to welding. It has been found from the experiments that the strength of the joints increases with the increase in the rotational speed; however, the same is decreasing after achieving certain speed.

The Effect of the Normalizing Rolling of S355J2G3 Steel Round Bars on the Selected Mechanical Properties of Finished Product

2010 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Błażej Laber ◽  
Henryk Dyja
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Rolling Mill ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Constructional Steel ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Bar Rolling

The paper presents investigation results related to the effect of application of round plain bar normalizing rolling on the selected mechanical properties of finished product. The research was carried out for the process of rolling 38 mm-diameter plain round bars made of constructional steel S355J2G3, based on actual specifications used in industrial conditions in a continuous bar rolling mill. In the course of investigation the yield stress, YS, and the tensile strength, TS, were determined. With the aim of evaluating the effect of controlled (normalizing) rolling on the mechanical properties of the considered steel grade, Zwick Z/100 testing machine was employed and analytical relationships were used. On the basis of performed research work it was established that enhancement of mechanical properties of the considered steel can be obtained as a result of application of the normalizing rolling process.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties for Elephant Dung and its Utilization as a Raw Material Composites Sheet: A Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Ramratan . ◽  
Anupam Kumar ◽  
Rajinder Singh Smagh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Elephant Dung

Elephant dung is an excellent source of cellulosic fiber that is a basic requirement for paper making. But they contributed to very small percentage production of elephant dung. So, researchers are trying to find a new area of utilization of elephant dung fiber pulp as in reinforcement’s polymer composite. In this experiment element dung fiber pulp in the natural fiber component chemically treated with alkaline and soda AQ solution in this study, it has been aimed to use elephant dung fiber pulp in composite material and to study mechanical properties of the produced material. The produced composite samples were then characterized using tensile test, Izod impact test, thickness test. The fracture surface of the polymer composite sample was also inspected with the help of SEM. The content of elephant dung fiber pulp is varied (35%, 45%, 55%) weight percentage whereas the epoxy resin is varied (50%, 40%, 30%) percentage is kept constant 15% in hardener. The entire sample has been tested in a universal testing machine as per ASTM standard for tensile strength and impact strength. It is observed that composite with 35% fiber pulp is having the highest tensile strength of 4mm 6.445 Mpa and 8mm 11.80 Mpa. The impact strength of composite with 35% fiber pulp washes highest than 45% to 55% dung fiber pulp. This produces composite sheet will be used for the surfboards, sporting goods, building panel this not only reduces the cost but also save from environmental pollution.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF USING MULTILAYER COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN SHIPBUILDING

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Alsaid Mazen ◽  
Ali Salamekh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Polymer Composite Materials ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Glass Mat

The development of modern shipbuilding requires using new structural materials, superior to traditional ones. Polymeric composite materials are among the most promising. The article studies the mechanical properties of multilayer polymer composite materials made of glass fabrics under tension and the effect of the number of layers of glass mat on the tensile strength of the material. The technology of manufacturing samples from polymer composites reinforced with fiberglass plastic is being considered. The size and shape of the samples, the technological parameters of the manufacturing process, which depend on standard requirements, and the technological features of the testing machine are substantiated. It has been stated that fiberglass is the cheapest and most common type of composite materials, which does not require special maintenance, the cost of maintenance of fiberglass structures being significantly lower than that of steel structures. The method of testing the tensile strength of the samples has been studied. For conducting experiments, samples of glass mat brand EMC-600-1250-E were used. According to the study results, the mathematical dependence of tensile strength on the number of layers was established, and the most important stages of statistical processing of test results were laid out using the Minitab 18.1 software package. A graph of the relationship between the number of layers and tensile strength is presented. For all the examined samples the ultimate strength will depend on the number of layers. The results of mechanical properties can be used in solving problems associated with the application of polymer composite materials in shipbuilding, for example, in manufacturing superstructures of dry cargo vessels.

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