Stimulatory Effects of Extracts Prepared from Salix babylonica L. on Fat Catabolism in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 498-501
Author(s):  
Ke Yue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Salix Babylonica

Effects of the ethanol extracts prepared from Salix babylonica L. leaves on the fat deposit induced in mice by feeding a high-fat-diet for 9 wks were studied. Increase in body weight and parametrial adipose tissue weight containing 2,5 or 10g (extract) /kg food was suppressed as compared to that observed in mice fed the high-fat-diet alone. Futhermore, the enthanol extract inhibited the elevation of blood triacylglycerol in rats administered orally a lipid emulsion as compared to that in rats given the emulsion alone. Experiments are now undergoing to isolate other ingredients from the extract and test them for anti-obesity effects.

Seasonal obesity in Syrian hamsters: effects of age, diet, photoperiod, and melatonin

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. R328-R334 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Wade ◽  
T. J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Brown Adipose

Two experiments examined the effects of photoperiod, melatonin, and diet on body weight in female Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). In experiment 1, daily injections of 25 micrograms melatonin increased body weight when given 3 h before lights-out but not when given at the midpoint of the light phase, in a 16-h light-8-h dark cycle (LD 16:8). Ten micrograms of melatonin, given 3 h before lights-out, were sufficient to increase body weight and fat content, to increase interscapular brown adipose tissue weight, to decrease uterine weight, and to interrupt estrous cyclicity. However, 2.5 micrograms of melatonin increased body weight and fat content without affecting brown adipose tissue weight or reproductive function. In experiment 2, melatonin treatment, exposure to a short photoperiod (LD 8:16), and feeding a high-fat diet increased body weight gain in weanling (25-day-old) female hamsters. When melatonin treatment or high-fat diet were withdrawn, hamsters reduced their food intake, and their body weight and fat content returned to control levels. After 15-17 wk in the short photoperiod, hamsters also began to undereat, and their body weight and fat content returned to control levels. These findings suggest several conclusions. 1) As with the changes in reproductive function, melatonin is effective at increasing body weight only when given at certain times of day. 2) Not all end points are equally responsive to melatonin, suggesting that they are independent of one another. 3) Weanling hamsters respond to photoperiod, melatonin, and diet just as adults do. 4) The striking obesities induced by these manipulations are completely reversible.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity and Hypocholesterolemic Actions of Protamine-Derived Peptide RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg) and Protamine in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6J Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2501
Author(s):  
Maihemuti Mijiti ◽  
Ryosuke Mori ◽  
Bingyu Huang ◽  
Kenichiro Tsukamoto ◽  
Keisuke Kiriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Fas Mrna ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Peptide

Dietary protamine can ameliorate hyperlipidemia; however, the protamine-derived active peptide and its hypolipidemic mechanism of action are unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a novel anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic peptide, RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg), derived from protamine in mice fed a high-fat diet for 50 days. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. White adipose tissue weight was significantly decreased in the protamine and RPR groups. The fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid was significantly higher in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. We also observed a significant decrease in the expression of hepatic SCD1, SREBP1, and adipocyte FAS mRNA, and significantly increased expression of hepatic PPARα and adipocyte PPARγ1 mRNA in the protamine group. These findings demonstrate that the anti-obesity effects of protamine are linked to the upregulation of adipocyte PPARγ1 and hepatic PPARα and the downregulation of hepatic SCD1 via SREBP1 and adipocyte FAS. RPR derived from protamine has a crucial role in the anti-obesity action of protamine by evaluating the effective dose of adipose tissue weight loss.

Burdock Fermented byAspergillus awamoriElevates CecalBifidobacterium, and Reduces Fecal Deoxycholic Acid and Adipose Tissue Weight in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukako OKAZAKI ◽  
Novita Vivi SITANGGANG ◽  
Satoko SATO ◽  
Nanae OHNISHI ◽  
Junji INOUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Deoxycholic Acid ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight

scholarly journals Miso (Fermented Soybean Paste) Suppresses Visceral Fat Accumulation in Mice, Especially in Combination with Exercise

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Okouchi ◽  
Yuto Sakanoi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tsuduki
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Soybean Paste ◽  
Freeze Dried

We investigated whether the difference in miso consumption between the Japanese diets of 1975 and 2010 has influenced the observed increase in diet-induced obesity. To recreate the 2010 and 1975 Japanese high-fat diets with the corresponding proportions of miso, freeze-dried miso was added to high-fat mouse feed at 1.6% and 2.6%, respectively. When 5-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were provided each of these diets ad libitum for 8 weeks, it was found that the white adipose tissue weight and adipocyte area were lower in mice receiving the 1975 diet than in those receiving the 2010 diet. Therefore, high miso consumption is one reason why the 1975 Japanese diet tended to not lead to obesity. Next, the combined effects of treadmill exercise and miso consumption were investigated. The mice were divided into three groups, which were provided either a high-fat diet (group C), a high-fat diet with exercise (group C + E), or a miso-supplemented high-fat diet with exercise (group M + E) for 8 weeks. In this experiment, the white adipose tissue weight and adipocyte area in group M + E were lower than in group C. When the mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes in adipose tissue was measured, we found that expression of Hsl (lipase, hormone sensitive), which is involved in lipolysis, and Pparγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma), which regulates adipocyte differentiation upstream of Hsl, was increased in group M + E. These results clearly demonstrated that lipid accumulation in the adipose tissues is suppressed by miso consumption in combination with exercise.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Effects ofCarassius auratusComplex Formula in High Fat Diet Combined Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hong Wang ◽  
Cheng-Chin Hsu ◽  
Hui-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Jing-Hsien Chen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Carassius auratuscomplex formula, includingCarassius auratus, Rhizoma dioscoreae,Lycium chinense, andRehmannia glutinosaLibosch, is a combination prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, which has always been used to treat diabetes mellitus in ancient China. In this study, we provided experimental evidence for the use ofCarassius auratuscomplex formula in the treatment of high fat diet combined streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 2 diabetes.Carassius auratuscomplex formula aqueous extract was prepared and the effects of it on blood glucose, serum insulin, adipose tissue weight, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), total cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels in mice were measured. Moreover, adiponectin, TG synthesis related gene expressions, and the inhibitory effect of aldose reductase (AR) were performed to evaluate its antidiabetic effects. After the 8-week treatment, blood glucose, insulin levels, and adipose tissue weight were significantly decreased. OGTT and HOMA-IR index showed improved glucose tolerance. It could also lower plasma TG, TC, and liver TG levels. Furthermore,Carassius auratuscomplex formula could inhibit the activity of AR and restore adiponectin expression in serum. Based on these findings, it is suggested thatCarassius auratuscomplex formula possesses potent anti-diabetic effects on high fat diet combined STZ-induced diabetic mice.

scholarly journals Effective Suppression of Adipose Tissue Weight Gain in High-fat Diet-fed Mice by 'Benifuuki' Green Tea Consumption

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Inagaki ◽  
Masanori Sugitani ◽  
Yuko Setoguchi ◽  
Ryouichi Ito ◽  
Yukihiro Oritani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Effective Suppression

scholarly journals Allium hookeri Root Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis by Promoting Lipolysis in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim ◽  
Jang ◽  
Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Allium Hookeri

: Allium hookeri (AH) is widely consumed as a herbal medicine. It possesses biological activity against metabolic diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of AH root water extract (AHR) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. AHR inhibited lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation by downregulation of gene expression, such as hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and an adipogenic gene, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oral administration of AHR significantly suppressed body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, serum leptin levels, and adipocyte cell size in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, AHR significantly decreased hepatic mRNA expression levels of cholesterol synthesis genes, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor (SREBP)-2, and low-density lipoprotein receptor, as well as fatty acid synthesis genes, such as SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase. Serum triglyceride levels were also lowered by AHR, likely as a result of the upregulating gene involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, in the liver. AHR treatment activated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, which might have promoted HSL and LPL-medicated lipolysis, thereby reducing white adipose tissue weight. In conclusion, AHR treatment can improve metabolic alterations induced by HFD in mice by modifying expression levels of genes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in the white adipose tissue and liver.

scholarly journals Octacosanol affects lipid metabolism in rats fed on a high-fat diet

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kato ◽  
K.-I. Karino ◽  
S. Hasegawa ◽  
J. Nagasawa ◽  
A. Nagasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Perirenal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight

The effect of dietary octacosanol, a long-chain alcohol, on lipid metabolism was investigated in rats fed on a high-fat diet for 20 d. The addition of octacosanol (10 g/kg diet) to the high-fat diet led to a significant reduction (P < 0·05) in the perirenal adipose tissue weight without decrease of the cell number, suggesting that octacosanol may suppress lipid accumulation in this tissue, whereas no effect was seen in the epididymal adipose tissue weight and in the lipid content in liver. Octacosanol supplementation decreased the serum triacylglycerol concentration, and enhanced the concentration of serum fatty acids, probably through inhibition of hepatic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (EC 3·1·3·4). Though the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase (EC 3·1·1·3) was not influenced by octacosanol, higher activities of lipoprotein lipase (EC 3·1·1·34) in the perirenal adipose tissue and the total oxidation rate of fatty acid in muscle were observed. Lipid absorption was not affected by the inclusion of octacosanol. Thus, the present results suggest that the dietary incorporation of octacosanol into a high-fat diet affects some aspects of lipid metabolism.

Abstract 6260: Up-Regulated Expression of MicroRNA-143 in Association with Obesity in the Adipose Tissue of Mice Fed High Fat Diet

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rieko Takanabe ◽  
Koh Ono ◽  
Tomohide Takaya ◽  
Takahiro Horie ◽  
Hiromichi Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Regulated Expression

Obesity is the result of an expansion and increase in the number of individual adipocytes. Since changes in gene expression during adipocyte differentiation and hypertrophy are closely associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases, further insight into the molecular basis of obesity is needed to better understand obesity-associated diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 17–24nt single stranded RNA, that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. MiRNAs control cell growth, differentiation and metabolism, and may be also involved in pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diseases. It has been proposed that miR-143 plays a role in the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes in culture. However, regulated expression of miR-143 in the adult adipose tissue during the development of obesity in vivo is unknown. To solve this problem, C57BL/6 mice were fed with either high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow (NC). Eight weeks later, severe insulin resistance was observed in mice on HFD. Body weight increased by 35% and the mesenteric fat weight increased by 3.3-fold in HFD mice compared with NC mice. We measured expression levels of miR-143 in the mesenteric fat tissue by real-time PCR and normalized with those of 5S ribosomal RNA. Expression of miR-143 in the mesenteric fat was significantly up-regulated (3.3-fold, p<0.05) in HFD mice compared to NC mice. MiR-143 expression levels were positively correlated with body weight (R=0.577, p=0.0011) and the mesenteric fat weight (R=0.608, p=0.0005). We also measured expression levels in the mesenteric fat of PPARγ and AP2, whose expression are deeply involved in the development of obesity, insulin resistant and arteriosclerosis. The expression levels of miR-143 were closely correlated with those of PPARγ (R=0.600, p=0.0040) and AP2 (R=0.630, p=0.0022). These findings provide the first evidence for up-regulated expression of miR-143 in the mesenteric fat of HFD-induced obese mice, which might contribute to regulated expression of genes involved in the pathophysiology of obesity.

α1-Antitrypsin A treatment attenuates neutrophil elastase accumulation and enhances insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall F. D'Souza ◽  
Stewart W.C. Masson ◽  
Jonathan S. T. Woodhead ◽  
Samuel L James ◽  
Caitlin MacRae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Tolerance

Neutrophils accumulate in insulin sensitive tissues during obesity and may play a role in impairing insulin sensitivity. The major serine protease expressed by neutrophils is neutrophil elastase (NE), which is inhibited endogenously by α1-antitrypsin A (A1AT). We investigated the effect of exogenous (A1AT) treatment on diet induced metabolic dysfunction. Male C57Bl/6j mice fed a chow or a high fat diet (HFD) were randomized to receive 3x weekly i.p injections of either Prolastin (human A1AT; 2mg) or vehicle (PBS) for 10 weeks. Prolastin treatment did not affect plasma NE concentration, body weight, glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in chow fed mice. In contrast, Prolastin treatment attenuated HFD induced increases in plasma and white adipose tissue (WAT) NE without affecting circulatory neutrophil levels or increases in body weight. Prolastin-treated mice fed a HFD had improved insulin sensitivity, as assessed by insulin tolerance test, and this was associated with higher insulin-dependent IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate) and AktSer473phosphorylation, and reduced inflammation markers in WAT but not liver or muscle. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Prolastin reversed recombinant NE-induced impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and IRS-1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, PDGF mediated p-AktSer473 activation and glucose uptake (which is independent of IRS-1) was not affected by recombinant NE treatment. Collectively, our findings suggest that NE infiltration of WAT during metabolic overload contributes to insulin-resistance by impairing insulin-induced IRS-1 signaling.

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