Preparation and Wastewater Treatment of Polymeric Aluminum Chloride from Coal Gangue

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 780-783
Author(s):  
Rui Gang Wang ◽  
Yun Ling Xin
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Roasting Temperature ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Waste Coal ◽  
The Ideal

The preparation of polymeric aluminum chloride(PAC) uses industrial waste coal gangue as raw materials was studied. The effects of reaction conditions such as roasting temperature, acid molar ratio, concentration of hydrochloric acid and acid leaching time were studied, the ideal reaction conditions for the preparation of PAC was determined. The result of the experiment for treating wastewater shows that the performance of PAC prepared from coal gangue is much better than that of commercial PAC.

Lipase-Catalyzed Acyl-L-Carnitines Synthesis in [Bmim]PF6 Ionic Liquid

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-qiang Tian ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Zhong-yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Better Than

In order to significantly improve the biosynthesis of acyl-L-carnitines catalyzed by lipase, there must be an efficient and suitable reaction medium that is not only polar but also hydrophobic. [Bmim]PF6, which satisfies the above two requirements, was applied as the medium. The optimal reaction conditions were: for isovaleryl-L-carnitine, 0.22aW, 200mg molecular sieves, 60ºC, 4:1 of molar ratio (fatty acid:L-carnitine), 150rpm and 60h; for octanoyl-L-carnitine and palmitoyl-L-carnitine, 0.22aW, 250 mg molecular sieves, 5:1 of molar ratio (fatty acid:L-carnitine), 200rpm, 48h, 60ºC (octanoyl-L-carnitine) and 65ºC (palmitoyl-L-carnitine). Their overall yields could reach 59.14%, 90.79% and 98.03%, respectively. The yields of isovaleryl-L-carnitine, octanoyl-L-carnitine and palmitoyl-L-carnitine in [Bmim]PF6 were 16.21%, 73.67% and 44.22 % more than those in acetonitrile, respectively. [Bmim]PF6 as the medium was better than acetonitrile. It could not only enhance the yields of acyl-L-carnitines, but also protect the lipase activity.

scholarly journals High Oleic Pentaerythritol Tetraester Formation via Transesterification: Effect of Reaction Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Faeqah Idrus ◽  
Robiah Yunus ◽  
Zurina Zainal Abidin ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Norazah Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
The Ideal

Pentaerythritol tetraoleate esters synthesized from high oleic palm oil methyl ester (POME) have potential as biolubricant base stock. In the present study, the chemical transesterification of POME and pentaerythritol (PE) using sodium methoxide as a catalyst was conducted under vacuum. The effect of operating variables such as reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, the molar ratio of POME to PE, vacuum pressure, and stirring rate on the yield of PE tetraoleate was examined. The ideal conditions for the reaction were at a temperature of 160 °C, 1.25% (w/w) catalyst concentration, the molar ratio of POME to PE at 4.5:1, vacuum pressure at 10 mbar, and stirring speed at 900 rpm. PE tetraoleate with a yield of 36% (w/w), was successfully synthesized under this condition within 2 h of reaction time.

Preparation of EPDM Flame-Resistant Cable Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li Wu ◽  
Lei Tian
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flame Retardance ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Ideal

EPDM cable materials were prepared, in which EPDM was used as raw materials, silica as a reinforcement, sulfur and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as the curing agent, aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and magnesium hydroxide (MH) as the flame retardants. The best content and cure parameters of EPDM cable materials were determined by testing hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal properties and oxygen index, as well as analyzing SEM. The results showed that the properties of EPDM cable materials with DCP were better than those with sulfur or sulfur / DCP blend. The flame retardance of EPDM cable materials with ATH / MH blend was better than that with ATH or MH. The ideal formula of EPDM flame-resistant cable material was EPDM 100 phr, silica 45 phr, DCP 3.5 phr, ATH 90 phr and MH 10 phr. The best curing conditions were at 170 °C under 1.2 MPa for 10 min.

Characterization and Application in Pretreatment of Landfill Leachate on Modified Bentonites

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1675-1679
Author(s):  
Hong Shao ◽  
Ning Cao
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cod Removal Rate ◽  
Organic Bentonite ◽  
Better Than

A series of sodium bentonites and cetyl tri methyl ammonium bromide as raw materials were prepared to the modified organic composite montmorillonites. The performance characterization of the modified organic bentonite was observed by means of IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. And the modified organic bentonite was applied into the pretreatment of landfill leachate, which was with the COD as high as 20000-37000 mg/L. The COD removal rate was invested as index. The optimum dosage and the best reaction conditions of bentonite have also been studied. The results indicated that the treatment effect of COD on the modified bentonite was better than the natural bentonite. Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate of COD reached 67.85% and the load of biological treatment was reduced on the next step.

Mechanism of Microwave Assisted Technique Acid Leaching Coal Gangue

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Cheng Long Liu ◽  
Ju Pei Xia ◽  
Yu Chong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Leaching Methods ◽  
Related Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

The coal gangue are produced in a coal mine heap of Pan xian, Gui zhou, by using microwave assisted acid leaching methods and under certain reaction conditions, the products of different stages of acid leaching were characterized through different characterization methods like X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The related process mechanism of Microwave assisted technique acid leaching gangue was preliminarily studied by the characterization results from analyzing the products of different stages of acid leaching.

Study of Manufacturing High Pure Chlorine Dioxide with Multi-Stage Compound Chlorine Dioxide Generator

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 3125-3130
Author(s):  
Ji Ku Zhang ◽  
Lu Lu Dai ◽  
Wei Tan
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pressure Concentration ◽  
Technical Basis

Based on the status that conversion rate of Single-stage compound chlorine dioxide generator is not high in the market，we designed a multi-stage compound chlorine dioxide generator and discussed the best reaction conditions. At the same time ,we also focused on the reaction temperature, reactor pressure, concentration of raw materials and raw materials ratio on the performance of generator. The results show that the best reaction conditions of water bath temperature was 70°C、gas pressure was 60 ml • min-1、mass fraction of HCl was 24%、mass fraction of NaClO3 was 26%、Molar ratio of HCl and NaClO 3was 3. Under these conditions, the Index ,such as production of ClO2、production of effective chlorine、yield and purity of ClO2、consumption rate of NaClO3 and the ratio of ClO2/Cl2,reached a higher level, providing the technical basis for the mass production of Multi-stage compound chlorine dioxide generator.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON THE MANUFACTURING MAGNESIUM FROM THANHHOA DOLOMITE BY PIDGEON PROCESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Quyen Vu Viet ◽  
Trang Vu Thi Thu ◽  
Nam Nguyen Duong ◽  
Binh Duong Ngoc ◽  
Huy Tran Duc
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Pidgeon Process ◽  
The Ideal

The magnesium and magnesium alloys has applied widely in different industrial aspects in Vietnam in the modern life. Especially, the products from magnesium alloys implementing in the automotive have increased rapidly since the car elements tend to be generated by the light alloys in order to save the fuel. However, in the current time, Vietnam has no factories to produce the magnesium to adapt the domestic demand although it owns an enrich resource of raw materials. This research indicates the possibility of using the dolomite ore in Thanhhoa – Vietnam to make the magnesium as well as evaluate the primary factors like recovering temperature, reducing agent rate, recovering time having effect on the reduction efficiency of Thanhhoa dolomite by metallothermic method in vacuum (Pidgeon Process). This is basic process, low investment and suitable for the small and medium scales in Vietnam. The experiment includes heating, indicating the chemical ingredients and recovering experiment on the dolomite after calcination (dolime) by using ferrosilicon. The thermodynamic model is created to estimate the recovering efficiency in the Pidgeon. The result shows that the CaO/MgO molar ratio of calcination dolomite in Thanhhoa is nearly 1.5 which is suitable to produce magnesium in the case of highly-required efficiency and pureness. Besides, the result from the furnace of the experiment is lower than the one in the model. The samples are set up to check the influence of the rate of ferrosilicon in the compound. The result indicates that the ideal efficiency reaches 85 % with 30 % ferrosilicon. Moreover, the study confirms that the optimal operating conditions in this process are recovering during three hours at 1200 °C and 100 Pa pressure. This result proves the potential application of Thanhhoa dolomite in the industry suitable with the current condition in Vietnam

Synthesis of Benzaldehyde 1, 2-Propanediol Acetal by Using Ionic Liquid [Hmim]HSO4 as Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 400-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Nan Sun ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Tong Kuan Xu ◽  
Da Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Good Catalyst ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Benzaldehyde 1, 2-propanediol acetal was synthesized from benzaldehyde and 1, 2-propanediol in the presence of ionic liquid [HMIM]HSO4. The effect of the amount of catalyst, reaction time, reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of raw materials agent on the product yield was investigated respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that ionic liquid [HMIM]HSO4is a good catalyst for preparation of benzaldehyde 1, 2-propanediol acetal. Results showed the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: the mole ratio of benzaldehyde to 1, 2-propanediol is 1：1.3, the amount of catalyst is 3.0g, the reaction temperature is 343K, and the reaction time is 4h. The achieved yield of acetal is 78. 7%.

A Novel Process for Synthesis of Cyclohexyl Ferulate

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Xiang Wen Kong ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Zhao Jing Li ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Sodium Bisulfate ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Cyclohexyl ferulate was prepared by direct sterification of ferulic acid and cyclohexanol as raw materials with sodium bisulfate supported by silica as a catalyst. The influences of some factors on the synthesis process were studied. The optimal reaction conditions based upon 0. 2 mol of ferulic acid were chosen that the molar ratio of cyclohexanol and ferulic acid was 10 : 1, the mass ratio of catalyst to reactants was 5%, refluing reaction time was 3.5 hours, et a1. The yield of the product reached 80%. The structure of the product was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and MS spectrum. The catalyst could be recycled and used for many times, which is friendly to the environment.

Synthesis and Properties of Esters of Amino Acids' Composite and Palmityl Alcohol

2014 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Wang ◽  
Xi Hua Du ◽  
Li Min Dong
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Alcohol Effects ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Concentrates of composite of amino acids based on hydrolysis of rapeseed meal were used to prepare esters of amino acids composite and palmityl alcohol. Effects of the ratio of raw materials, reaction time, water carrying agent and catalyst on synthesis of products were investigated. Surface-activity of these products have been also characterized. The optimums of reaction conditions were obtained. The results showed that molar ratio of palmityl alcohol and amino acids composite was 1:2, and toluene was as water carrying agent, and reaction temperature was 110°C-125°C, and the reaction time was 4 h, and mass dosage of high concentrated H2SO4 as catalyst was 12% of amino acids composite, and a small amount of polyethylene glycol (PEG600) was as phase transfer catalyst. The prepared product has a good foam stability.

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