The Effect of FDI on Host Country's Environmental Pollution: Evidence from Chinese Cities

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3487-3490
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Zhang Lan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environment Policy ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
The Relationship

With the increasing global competition, people worried that most foreign-funded enterprises have comparative advantage in pollution-intensive products due to the relatively relaxed environmental regulation and lax enforcement in China. This study examines the relationship between the foreign direct investment (FDI) and local pollution in china. Our results find that a city received more FDI may be not lead to higher pollution. In fact, FDI have a beneficial effect on local environment. Policy-makers should be to attract more foreign investment that openness could improve development China's environment by increasing local income, introducing more energy efficient production technology, and increasing competition and diving out less efficient factories. This suggests that the market-oriented economic reform improve the environment.

Economic Reform and Structural Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 530-548
Author(s):  
Barry Naughton
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Market Transition ◽  
Service Economy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second Period

This chapter examines China’s experience with structural change during three distinct periods of economic reform and growth: 1978–1995, 1995 through to about 2010, and 2010 to present. In each case, the chapter finds that the pattern of structural change is related to the choices made by policy makers with respect to reform and market transition. The first period saw a shift towards a more labour-intensive output basket, a structure that was more in line with China’s underlying comparative advantage, while the second period witnessed a move ‘upstream’ toward more capital and skill-intensive industries. Since 2010, China has begun to move toward a service economy and embarked on a new era of structural change. Each of these periods offers specific ‘lessons’ about the relationship between policy and structural change. The chapter concludes with a discussion of these lessons and a number of generalizations that apply to China’s experience as a whole.

POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Arwanto Arwanto ◽  
Wike Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

An Investigation of Faculty Members' Engagement in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-136
Author(s):  
Eman I AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Faculty Perceptions ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Faculty engagement has been proved to be a critical driver of the universities’ efficiency and effectiveness. The first step towards building an engaged workforce is to get a measure of faculty perceptions of their engagement level to their universities. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the faculty members' engagement in the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. It examines the relationship between the faculty professional variablesand their level of engagement to their institutions. William Kahn's (1990) three-component model of employee engagement was partially adapted as a framework to measure the faculty members' engagement. A questionnaire was used to better address the objective of this study. The data were obtained from the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Dammam University) through an internet-based survey. The validity and the reliability of the questionnaire has been evaluated and reported. Results of the analyses show that cognitive engagement is reported to be higher than both the emotional and physical engagement, with a mean rating of 4.040 and a standard deviation of .487, based on the five-point scale. Given the engagement level of the faculty members in this study, the university administrators should develop policies, and strategies that encourage and support engagement among faculty members at the University in order to maximize their engagement. Policy makers must also take into consideration the needs of the faculty members

An Analytical Approach to Cruise Tourism As an Option For Development: a Case Study of the Sultanate of Oman

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Heba Aziz ◽  
Osman El-Said ◽  
Marike Bontenbal
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Expenditure ◽  
Return Intention

The objective of this study was to measure the level of cruise tourists' satisfaction as well as the relationship between satisfaction, recommendation, return intention, and expenditure. Also, the impact of factors such as nationality, length of the visit, and age on the level of expenditure was measured. An empirical approach for data collection was followed and a total of 152 questionnaires were collected from cruise tourists visiting the capital city of Oman, Muscat, as cruise liners anchor at Sultan Qaboos Port. Results of the regression analysis supported the existence of a causal relationship between satisfaction with destination attributes, overall satisfaction, recommendation, return intention, and expenditure. It was found that the average expenditure varies according to age and length of the visit. Recommendations for policy makers were suggested on how to increase the role of cruise tourism in strengthening the economy.

OP48 Nursing Requirements In Long-Term Care: A Health Technology Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Paula Corabian ◽  
Charles Yan ◽  
Susan Armijo-Olivo ◽  
Bing Guo
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Real World ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Staff Time ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionThe objectives of this study were to systematically review published research on the relationship between nursing staff coverage, care hours, and quality of care (QoC) in long-term care (LTC) facilities; and to conduct a real world evidence (RWE) analysis using Alberta real world data (RWD) to inform policy makers on whether any amendments could be made to current regulations.MethodsA systematic review (SR) of research evidence published between January 2000 and May 2018 on the relationship between nursing staff coverage, care hours, and QoC in LTC facilities was conducted. Panel data regressions using available RWD from Alberta, Canada, were performed to assess associations between nursing care hours and LTC outcomes. Outcomes of interest included quality indicators related to resident outcomes, hospital admissions, emergency room visits and family satisfaction. Nursing care hours considered in SR and RWE analysis included those provided by registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs).ResultsThe SR found inconsistent and poor quality evidence relevant to the questions of interest, indicating a great uncertainty about the association between nursing staff time and type of coverage and QoC. Although some positive indications were suggested, major weaknesses of reviewed studies limited interpretation of SR results. RWE analysis found that impact of care hours on LTC outcomes was heterogeneous, dependent on outcome measurements. There was evidence that total staff, RN, and LPN hours had positive effects on some resident outcomes and magnitude of effect differed for different nursing staff.ConclusionsNo definitive conclusion could be drawn on whether changing nursing staff time or nursing staff coverage models would affect residents’ outcomes based on the research evidence gathered in the SR. RWE analysis helped to fill a gap in the available published literature and allowed policy makers to better understand the impact of revising current regulations based on actual outcomes.

A computational insight into the relationship between side chain IR line shapes and local environment in fibril-like structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 084105
Author(s):  
Sandra M. V. Pinto ◽  
Nicola Tasinato ◽  
Vincenzo Barone ◽  
Laura Zanetti-Polzi ◽  
Isabella Daidone
Keyword(s):  
Local Environment ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Line Shapes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS AND INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Bryntsev ◽  
◽  
M.A. Bykova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
Macroeconomic Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

In the article, the authors consider the issues of the relationship between global supply chains and industrial production of semiconductors in modern conditions. Particular attention is paid to the applied value of the application of artificial intelligence technologies in industry in the light of the growth of global competition. Their specific features, strengths and weaknesses are shown. A brief macroeconomic analysis of the development of markets for robotics, the automotive industry, high-tech products, as well as modern regulations on the eve of a new technological order is given.

South Sudan faces a bleak development outlook

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South Sudanese ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Development Outlook

Significance A 2018 peace agreement was meant to provide space for economic reform and recovery, but it has failed to deliver this. Moreover, the outlook for improvement remains poor. Impacts Many South Sudanese will remain reliant on international organisations to provide basic services. Corruption and mismanagement will deter foreign investment, including in the oil sector, the main source of government revenue. Despite a formal end to the conflict, persistent insecurity and the risk of further unrest will constrain the recovery.

Financial Inclusion and CO2 Emissions in Asia: Implications for Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Hussain ◽  
Tanveer Ahmad ◽  
Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We examine the relationship between financial inclusion and carbon emissions. For this purpose, we develop a composite indicator of financial inclusion based on a broad set of attributes through principal component analysis (PCA) for 26 countries in the Asia region. Our robust panel regression analysis reveals a significant positive long-term impact of financial inclusion on carbon emissions. The pairwise causality test reveals unidirectional long-term causality running from financial inclusion to carbon emissions. The study suggests that policy makers may design policies that integrate accessible financial systems into climate change adaptation strategies in order to neutralize the side effect of financial inclusion deteriorating environmental quality and inclusive sustainable economic growth. JEL ClassificationO16; O44, Q54

scholarly journals TARGETED ADVERTISING IN THE BREAKFAST CEREAL INDUSTRY

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSHUA BERNING ◽  
ADAM N. RABINOWITZ
Keyword(s):  
Product Differentiation ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Television Advertising ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Cereal Industry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractWe examine the relationship of product characteristics of ready-to-eat breakfast cereal and targeted television advertising to specific consumer segments. We compile a unique data set that includes brand-packaging characteristics, including on-box games, nutrition information, and cobranding. We find that the relationship of television advertising and a cereal's brand-packaging characteristics varies by target audience. Our results provide insight into understanding how manufacturers strategically utilize branding, packaging, and television advertising. This can help industry and policy makers develop food product advertising policy. This analysis extends to other product markets where extensive product differentiation and promotion are present as well.

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