Properties Improvement of Fired Clay Bricks Incorporating with Cigarette Butts

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1723-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aeslina binti Abdul Kadir ◽  
Abbas Mohajerani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Steel Fibre ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Mixing Times ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

Although small in size, indiscriminate littering of cigarette butts (CBs) can cause serious environmental impact. Several trillion cigarettes produced worldwide annually lead to thousands of kilograms of toxic waste. CBs accumulate in the environment due to the poor biodegradability of the cellulose acetate filters and, in doing so, they have become the most common litter item on our planet. This paper presents some of the results from a continuing study on recycling CBs into fired clay bricks. Physico-mechanical properties of fired clay bricks manufactured with different percentages of CBs (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and also of control brick samples are reported and discussed. To improve the properties, three different mixing times were tested with 7.5% of CBs incorporated in clay bricks, specifically at 15 minutes, 10 minutes and 5 minutes respectively. The impacts of these changes on physical and mechanical characteristics were evaluated. With 15 minutes mixing time, the measurement increased up to 114% and 12% for strength and density respectively compared to 5 minutes mixing time. On the other hand, values for water absorption, initial rate of absorption and tensile strength decreased by 22%, 29% and 5% respectively. Microstructure analyses of CB bricks were also investigated using ESEM. Attempts were also made to improve the properties by incorporating 3% of steel fibre into CB brick samples. Nevertheless, the addition of the steel fibre did not significantly improve the properties or the appearance of the manufactured samples.

scholarly journals Recycling of Cigarette Butts in Fired Clay Bricks: A New Laboratory Investigation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halenur Kurmus ◽  
Abbas Mohajerani
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
The World ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most commonly littered waste material in the world. It is estimated that over 5.7 trillion cigarettes are consumed worldwide each year. Consequently, millions of tonnes of highly toxic waste are contaminating the environment. CBs are composed of cellulose acetate filters—a polymer with poor biodegradability—and which, depending upon the environmental conditions, can take many years to decompose. In this study, fired clay bricks were manufactured with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% CBs by mass and tested against control bricks with 0% CBs. The results revealed a decrease in compressive strength from 48.6 MPa for 0% CB content bricks to 30.8 MPa for 1% CB content bricks, and a decrease in dry density with the increase in CB content, from 2114 kg/m3 for the control bricks to 1983 kg/m3 and 1969 kg/m3 for 1% and 2% CB content bricks. The highest value of water absorption appeared for 2% CB content bricks, which reached an absorption rate of 13.1% compared to 9% for the control bricks. The energy required during the firing process was calculated with a saving of up to 10.20%, for bricks incorporating 1% CBs. The thermal conductivity of the samples showed a reduction of 17% from 1.078 to 0.898 W m−1·K−1 with the addition of 1% CBs. In addition, the manufactured bricks were tested for efflorescence, an initial rate of absorption (IRA), microstructural analysis, and shrinkage. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) is recommended to analyze the environmental impacts of bricks incorporating CBs.

Elucidating the effects of solar panel waste glass substitution on the physical and mechanical characteristics of clay bricks

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kae-Long Lin ◽  
Long-Sheng Huang ◽  
Je-Lueng Shie ◽  
Ching-Jung Cheng ◽  
Ching-Hwa Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Fired Clay Bricks Incorporating Cigarette Butts

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2032
Author(s):  
Halenur Kurmus ◽  
Abbas Mohajerani ◽  
Stephen Grist
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most common littered waste in the world and may contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the incomplete combustion of tobacco during burning. Therefore, to investigate the potential PAH residual remaining in fired clay bricks (FCBs) incorporating CBs and examine the environmental impact of utilizing toxic waste in the production of FCBs, a comprehensive PAH extraction analysis was conducted. The Soxhlet extraction method was utilized to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of sixteen toxic Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in FCB samples incorporating CBs using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The concentrations of the mean total (Σ)PAHs for FCBs incorporating 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% CBs by weight (wt) were found to be 0.183, 0.180, 0.242, 0.234, and 0.463 µg/mL. As expected, PAHs with higher water solubility and volatility, naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and chrysene were found at higher concentrations compared to lipophilic PAHs. The ΣPAH concentrations for all five FCB–CB mixes were well below the EPA Victoria solid waste hazard categorization threshold for industrial waste. Moreover, the samples were studied for their carbon content using the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHNS) analyzer and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results confirm an almost 100% combustion process of CBs during the firing process. A content less than 0.3% suggests that all carbon within the FCB–CB mixture relatively disappeared during the firing process up to 1050 °C. However, further research regarding the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the production of FCBs incorporating CBs should be conducted.

Experimental Study of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Klyuev ◽  
T.A. Khezhev ◽  
Yu.V. Pukharenko ◽  
A.V. Klyuev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Steel Fibre ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fiber Concrete ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

Acute questions of steelfiber using for disperse-reinforced fine-grained concrete are considered in the article. Researchers of steelfiber concrete patterns are held. The efficiency of using crushing dropout of quartzitic sandstone is proven. The article studies the physical and mechanical characteristics of the filler. The chemical composition of the binder is presented. For dispersed reinforcement of fine concrete the influence of steel fibre on the strength characteristics of the mixture was studied. The characteristics of the fiber and the technology of obtaining a fiber-concrete mixture are presented. Studies showed the effectiveness of steel fibre with a percentage of 3% and a cement-sand ratio of 1/3.

scholarly journals Stresses in Fly Ash Brick using Different Proportion of Lime, Cement, Gypsum, Sand and Stone Dust

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4288-4292
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Brick Clay ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Stone Dust ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

The dead load of any structure varies depending on the type of bricks and its weight. Due to the increased numbers of high rise buildings, lighter materials than normal clay bricks are preferred. Fly-ash bricks are more popular presently since it weighs 28% less than clay bricks as well as shows higher strength .The strength is higher by 25% than commonly available bricks. Besides strength other characteristics such as absorption capacity, modulus of rupture, initial rate of absorption, durability and bond strength. The values thus obtained from the test shows excellent results as compared to that of brick clay. The latest type of bricks has been given the name fly-ash bricks. The key objective of the paper is to study the strength of fly ash brick using different material proportion and also to improve the compressive stress and also to determine the durability along with stability of the bricks.

scholarly journals Recycling Crushed Waste Beer Bottle Glass in Fired Clay Bricks

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Yuecheng Xin ◽  
Halenur Kurmus ◽  
Abbas Mohajerani ◽  
Yasmin Dallol ◽  
Yunsha Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Glass Cullet ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Recycling Techniques ◽  
Control Samples

Waste glass is a readily available domestic material. Each year, around 257,000 tonnes of glass waste are produced in Victoria, and the majority is glass packings. Typically, mixed waste glass cullet is deposited in landfills due to the limited recycling techniques. As a result, landfills are facing a growing issue. Therefore, this study investigates the addition of waste beer bottle glass (BG) in fired clay bricks and examines the effects of varying firing temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of the manufactured samples. Clay bricks containing 10% BG at a firing temperature of 950 °C depicted similar compressive strength results (41 MPa) to the control samples (42 MPa). The results of all tested bricks were found to be below the water absorption limit of 17%. The thermal conductivity of the bricks incorporating BG was investigated, and it was found that the thermal performance improved with the decreasing firing temperature. Moreover, an initial rate of absorption (IRA), XRD, and XRF analysis was conducted. The experimental results have been discussed and compared with the recommended acceptable properties for standard bricks.

BENCH DESIGN AND STUDY OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A TEAT CUP LINER WITH ANTIBACTERIAL FILLER

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
YURY G. IVANOV ◽  
◽  
YELENA V. MASHOSHINA ◽  
LYUDMILA N. VERLIKOVA ◽  
DARIA G. GELETIY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

Discharge-pulse Geotechnical Electro Discharge Technology of Bases Strengthening

2020 ◽  
Vol 787 (12) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
N.S. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Discharge Pulse ◽  
Zero Values ◽  
Traditional Technologies ◽  
Negative Friction ◽  
Geotechnical Problems ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

The problem of increasing the bearing capacity of the base is an relevant problem in modern geotechnical construction. When significant loads are transmitted to the base, the use of traditional technologies is not always justified. Often there is an urgent need to use non-standard ways to strengthen the bases. In many cases, the geotechnical situation is aggravated by the presence of weak underlying layers with unstable physical and mechanical characteristics in engineering-geological sections. When strengthening such bases with the help of traditional piles, the latter can get negative friction, which significantly reduces their bearing capacity on the ground, sometimes reaching zero values. This may lead to additional precipitations of the objects being constructed and constructed in the zone of geotechnical influence. The use of ERT piles in most cases successfully solves many complex geotechnical problems.

Promising hybrid fabrics based on carbon and aramid fibers as a reinforcing filler for polymer composites

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Zhelezina ◽  
V. G. Bova ◽  
S. I. Voinov ◽  
A. Ch. Kan
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Hybrid Composite Material ◽  
Hybrid Fabric ◽  
Reinforcing Filler ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

The paper considers possibilities of using a hybrid fabric made of high-modulus carbon yarn brand ZhGV and high-strength aramid yarns brand Rusar-NT for polymer composites reinforcement. The results of studies of the physical and mechanical characteristics of hybrid composite material and values of the implementation of the strength and elasticity carbon fibers and aramid module for composite material are presented. 

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