scholarly journals Recycling Crushed Waste Beer Bottle Glass in Fired Clay Bricks

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Yuecheng Xin ◽  
Halenur Kurmus ◽  
Abbas Mohajerani ◽  
Yasmin Dallol ◽  
Yunsha Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Glass Cullet ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Recycling Techniques ◽  
Control Samples

Waste glass is a readily available domestic material. Each year, around 257,000 tonnes of glass waste are produced in Victoria, and the majority is glass packings. Typically, mixed waste glass cullet is deposited in landfills due to the limited recycling techniques. As a result, landfills are facing a growing issue. Therefore, this study investigates the addition of waste beer bottle glass (BG) in fired clay bricks and examines the effects of varying firing temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of the manufactured samples. Clay bricks containing 10% BG at a firing temperature of 950 °C depicted similar compressive strength results (41 MPa) to the control samples (42 MPa). The results of all tested bricks were found to be below the water absorption limit of 17%. The thermal conductivity of the bricks incorporating BG was investigated, and it was found that the thermal performance improved with the decreasing firing temperature. Moreover, an initial rate of absorption (IRA), XRD, and XRF analysis was conducted. The experimental results have been discussed and compared with the recommended acceptable properties for standard bricks.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Mortars Containing Waste Glass Powder

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Horszczaruk ◽  
Piotr Brzozowski
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Glass Cullet ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Waste Glass Powder ◽  
Creative Construction

The utilization of solid waste materials or industrial waste as partial substitution of cement is growing in construction industry all around world. Less cement consumption causes consequently reduction in CO2 emission into the atmosphere and reduction in energy consumption. This paper examines the possibility of using finely ground waste glass as a partial replacement for cement and as a sealing admixture. Glass powder used in the research was prepared from the glass waste obtained from a local recycling company. Glass cullet made of brown glass, which after rinsing to remove sugars and other impurities, was dried and ground to a fraction below 125 μm.This paper is the revised version of the paper that has been published in the Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2018 (Horszczaruk and Brzozowski, 2018).

scholarly journals Effect of Waste Glass Addition as a Replacement for Fine Aggregate on Properties of Mortar

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Małek ◽  
Waldemar Łasica ◽  
Mateusz Jackowski ◽  
Marta Kadela
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Glass Cullet ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Aggregate Content ◽  
Glass Aggregate ◽  
Glass Sand

A responsible approach towards sustainable development requires the use of environmentally friendly, low-carbon, and energy-intensive materials. One positive way is to use glass waste as a replacement for fine natural aggregate. For this purpose, the effects of adding glass cullet to the mechanical properties of mortar were carried out. The glass aggregate made from recycled post-consumer waste glass (food, medicine, and cosmetics packaging, including mostly bottles), were used. This experimental work included four different contents of fine glass cullet (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% of fine aggregate). The compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths were evaluated. Moreover, the modulus of elasticity and Poisson coefficient were determined. The addition of glass sand aggregate increases the mechanical properties of mortar. When comparing the strength, the obtained improvement in split tensile strength was the least affected. The obtained effect for the increased analysed properties of the glass sand aggregate content has been rarely reported. Moreover, it was determined that by increasing the recycled glass sand aggregate content, the density of mortar decreased. In addition, the relationships between the properties for mortar containing glass sand aggregate were observed.

Utilization of Waste Glass in Polymer Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Hodul ◽  
Jana Hodná ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka ◽  
Michaela Vyhnánková
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Suitable Treatment

Glass waste is currently produced almost in all developed countries. It is the silicate based waste material which after suitable treatment has found application in many industries and therefore some types of waste glass belong to progressive secondary raw materials. However, the use of this silicate waste material which differ on the basis of an initial use of the glass in its physical and mechanical properties has not been fully explored in the field of building industry – the production of building materials. The replacement of the common filler – quartz sand in the polymer concrete (PC) could be one of the effective possibilities of the utilization of different type of waste glass in the building industry. Mainly for this reason, this work deals with the experimental examining the possibility of using various types of waste glass in the polymer concrete based on epoxy resin.

scholarly journals Zastosowanie popiołu lotnego i szkła kineskopowego w zaprawach cementowych

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Jura ◽  
Małgorzata Ulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Glass Cullet ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Resistance Tests ◽  
Made In

The article presents the results of research aimed at using glass waste and ash from biomass. The tests were carried out for cement mortars samples with using glass cullet, ash from biomass and using both wastes in 50/50 proportions. The physical and mechanical properties of the standard mortar and modified mortars were tested. Standard mortar and cement mortar samples were made in which 10, 20 and 30% of the cement mass was used as part of the standard sand. The samples were made of CEM I 42.5R. Mortars containing fly ash addition had an increased compressive strength and a smaller drop in compressive strength after frost resistance tests than standard mortar. The use of glass cullet in the amount of up to 20% did not reveal any changes in the mechanical properties of mortars, but using them in a larger amount resulted in unfavorable results. The use of a mixture of these two waste materials did not improve the results. The research has shown the possibility of using this waste to modify cement mortars.

scholarly journals Sustainable Mortar Made with Local Clay Bricks and Glass Waste Exposed to Elevated Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1341-1354
Author(s):  
Zaid Ali Hasan ◽  
Shereen Qasim Abdulridha ◽  
S. Z. Abeer
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Local Materials

The present study involved assessing the replacement of fine aggregate in the mortar with sustainable local materials like clay bricks and glass included 168 specimens (cubes and prisms). Seven mixtures were cast for this work, one control mix (R1) with 100% natural sand whereas mixes from R2 to R5 have 10% and 20% replacing natural sand with waste clay bricks and waste glass separately and respectively. Mix R6 was included 20% replacing sand with combination waste materials (10% waste clay bricks with 10% waste glass). Mix R7 has involved the same percent of replacing the previous mix R6 but with adding Polypropylene fibers 1% by volume. The samples have put in an electrical oven for one hour at 200, 400, and 600 ᵒC then cooled to room temperature to be tested and compared with samples at normal temperature 24 ᵒC. Different mechanical tests were adopted involved flow tests, density, weight loss, compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. The results at different temperatures were discussed where many findings were specified. The flexural strength at 400 ᵒC was showed improving by 56% for 20% waste clay brick and 69% with 10% waste glass, as well all combination mixes illustrated higher strength than the control. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091729 Full Text: PDF

Properties Improvement of Fired Clay Bricks Incorporating with Cigarette Butts

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1723-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aeslina binti Abdul Kadir ◽  
Abbas Mohajerani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Steel Fibre ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Mixing Times ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

Although small in size, indiscriminate littering of cigarette butts (CBs) can cause serious environmental impact. Several trillion cigarettes produced worldwide annually lead to thousands of kilograms of toxic waste. CBs accumulate in the environment due to the poor biodegradability of the cellulose acetate filters and, in doing so, they have become the most common litter item on our planet. This paper presents some of the results from a continuing study on recycling CBs into fired clay bricks. Physico-mechanical properties of fired clay bricks manufactured with different percentages of CBs (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and also of control brick samples are reported and discussed. To improve the properties, three different mixing times were tested with 7.5% of CBs incorporated in clay bricks, specifically at 15 minutes, 10 minutes and 5 minutes respectively. The impacts of these changes on physical and mechanical characteristics were evaluated. With 15 minutes mixing time, the measurement increased up to 114% and 12% for strength and density respectively compared to 5 minutes mixing time. On the other hand, values for water absorption, initial rate of absorption and tensile strength decreased by 22%, 29% and 5% respectively. Microstructure analyses of CB bricks were also investigated using ESEM. Attempts were also made to improve the properties by incorporating 3% of steel fibre into CB brick samples. Nevertheless, the addition of the steel fibre did not significantly improve the properties or the appearance of the manufactured samples.

scholarly journals Effect of Crushed Glass Cullet Sizes on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Red Clay Bricks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Ponce Peña ◽  
María Azucena González Lozano ◽  
Alicia Rodríguez Pulido ◽  
René Homero Lara Castro ◽  
Zoe V. Quiñones Jurado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Particle ◽  
Glass Cullet ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Total Shrinkage

This study reports the effect of clear waste glass from bottles added on 20 to 30 wt.% and variable particle size (<500, <300, and <212 μm), into clay mixtures for the handmade brick manufacturing process. The bricks were manufactured with mixtures of clay, crushed glass, and water in different proportions, homogenized, casted in wooden molds, air-dried at room temperature for 72 h, and sintered at 1000°C for 12 h. Total shrinkage, water absorption, compressive strength, microstructure, and phase composition are discussed with respect to glass content and its particle size. The results indicate that increasing the content of glass and decreasing its particle size enhanced significantly the brick properties of water absorption and compressive strength by up to 18.5% and 6.8 MPa, for bricks with 30 wt% and particle size lower than 212 μm. It is proposed that decreasing the glass particle size its surface area increases allowing easier melting of glass by lower energy consumption, reducing porosity and enhancing brick properties.

Utilization of Mosaic Sludge Waste into Fired Clay Brick: Properties and Leachability

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Aeslina binti Abdul Kadir ◽  
Ahmad Shayuti Bin Abdul Rahim ◽  
Hidra Hasbee Bin Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sludge Waste

Brick is one of the most common masonry units used as building material. Due to the demand, different types of waste have been investigated to be incorporated into the bricks. Many types of sludge have been incorporated in fired clay brick for an example marble sludge, stone sludge, water sludge, sewage sludge and ceramic sludge. The utilization of these waste materials in fired clay bricks usually has positive effects on the properties such as lightweight bricks with improved shrinkage, porosity, and strength. Therefore, the objective of this study is to incorporate different percentages of mosaic sludge and investigate heavy metals leachability from the mosaic sludge brick. Heavy metals leachability was conducted by using toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). Physical and mechanical properties were also determined which are compressive strength, shrinkage, density and initial rate of suction. From the results obtained, it shows that fired clay brick with 5% of mosaic sludge obtained the best result with highest compressive strength and low initial rate of suction (18.76N/mm2 and 10.08 g/mm2) respectively. Nevertheless, all the other properties for all bricks incorporated with different percentages of mosaic sludge were also complied with the BS 3921:1985 standard. The results also demonstrated that the leachability of potential heavy metals in mosaic brick were complied with USEPA (1996) and EPAV (2005a) regulatory limit. In conclusion, mosaic sludge could be an alternative low cost material for fired clay brick as well as providing a disposal method for mosaic sludge waste.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fired Clay Bricks Incorporated with Cigarette Butts: Comparison between Slow and Fast Heating Rates

2013 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Aeslina binti Abdul Kadir ◽  
Abbas Mohajerani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Slow Heating ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

In general, firing process in brick manufacturing could affect the properties, colours and appearance of the brick. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different heating rates on physical and mechanical properties during the firing of standard bricks and bricks incorporated with cigarette butt (CB). In this investigation, two different heating rates were used: slow heating rate (2oC min-1) and fast heating rate (5oC min-1). Samples were fired in solid forms from room temperature to 1050oC. All bricks were tested for their physical and mechanical properties including compressive strength, initial rate of absorption and density. Higher heating rates decrease compressive strength value but slightly increase the initial rate of absorption and density properties respectively. In conclusion, higher heating rates are able to produce adequate physical and mechanical properties especially for CB Brick.

scholarly journals Stresses in Fly Ash Brick using Different Proportion of Lime, Cement, Gypsum, Sand and Stone Dust

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4288-4292
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Brick Clay ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Stone Dust ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

The dead load of any structure varies depending on the type of bricks and its weight. Due to the increased numbers of high rise buildings, lighter materials than normal clay bricks are preferred. Fly-ash bricks are more popular presently since it weighs 28% less than clay bricks as well as shows higher strength .The strength is higher by 25% than commonly available bricks. Besides strength other characteristics such as absorption capacity, modulus of rupture, initial rate of absorption, durability and bond strength. The values thus obtained from the test shows excellent results as compared to that of brick clay. The latest type of bricks has been given the name fly-ash bricks. The key objective of the paper is to study the strength of fly ash brick using different material proportion and also to improve the compressive stress and also to determine the durability along with stability of the bricks.

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