Low Field-NMR in Measuring Water Mobility and Distribution in Beef Granules during Drying Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 3406-3410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Li Zhen Ma ◽  
Yuan Tao ◽  
Bao Hua Kong ◽  
Pei Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Transverse Relaxation Time ◽  
Water Mobility ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Transverse Relaxation ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Low Field Nmr ◽  
Lf Nmr

Low field-nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was employed in this study to evaluate water mobility and distribution in beef granules during drying process due to its fast and nondestructive detection. Beef granules were dried in a blast drying oven at different temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C) to a final moisture content around 21% after cooking. Results showed that it took about 150, 90 and 60 min for the samples dried at 40, 50 and 60 °C to get to the drying destination, respectively. The immobilized water was transformed into bound water with lower association degree and free water during drying at different conditions. Drying also resulted in a proportion increase of bound water; what’s more, the proportion of bound water is the largest when drying at 50 °C compared to 40 and 60 °C. After the drying destination was reached, the transverse relaxation time for bound water and immobilized water appeared significant change. It revealed that LF-NMR was an effective tool to assess water mobility and distribution during food drying process.

scholarly journals Circadian Variation of Root Water Status in Three Herbaceous Species Assessed by Portable NMR

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Magali Nuixe ◽  
Amidou Sissou Traoré ◽  
Shannan Blystone ◽  
Jean-Marie Bonny ◽  
Robert Falcimagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Transverse Relaxation Time ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Transverse Relaxation ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Low Field Nmr ◽  
Portable Nmr ◽  
Lf Nmr

Roots are at the core of plant water dynamics. Nonetheless, root morphology and functioning are not easily assessable without destructive approaches. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and particularly low-field NMR (LF-NMR), is an interesting noninvasive method to study water in plants, as measurements can be performed outdoors and independent of sample size. However, as far as we know, there are no reported studies dealing with the water dynamics in plant roots using LF-NMR. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of using LF-NMR to characterize root water status and water dynamics non-invasively. To achieve this goal, a proof-of-concept study was designed using well-controlled environmental conditions. NMR and ecophysiological measurements were performed continuously over one week on three herbaceous species grown in rhizotrons. The NMR parameters measured were either the total signal or the transverse relaxation time T2. We observed circadian variations of the total NMR signal in roots and in soil and of the root slow relaxing T2 value. These results were consistent with ecophysiological measurements, especially with the variation of fluxes between daytime and nighttime. This study assessed the feasibility of using LF-NMR to evaluate root water status in herbaceous species.

Hydration Dynamics of Portland Cement Studied by Magnetic Resonance

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Ming She ◽  
Wu Yao ◽  
Wan Cheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Transverse Relaxation Time ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Individual Stage ◽  
Transverse Relaxation ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Low Field Nmr ◽  
Hydration Dynamics

Hydration dynamics of Portland cement was investigated by low field NMR, a technique with advantage of continuous and nondestructure monitor. The transverse relaxation time, T2, and signals intensity arising from the physically bound water in paste were measured. Their evolution with the hydration time could be used well to describe the hydration dynamics. Three successive periods, comprising of initial period, accelerated period and steady period, were defined according the different rate of change. The reactions and mechanism for individual stage were disscussed based on the cement chemistry theory.

scholarly journals Low-Field NMR and MRI to Analyze the Effect of Edible Coating Incorporated with MAP on Qualities of Half-Smooth Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus Semilaevis Günther) Fillets during Refrigerated Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Yong Shen ◽  
Wenru Liu ◽  
Jun Mei ◽  
Jing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Tongue Sole ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Half Smooth Tongue Sole ◽  
Lf Nmr

Nondestructive and fast measurement and characterization of fish is highly desired during various processing treatments. This research investigated the effectiveness of low field LF-NMR and MRI as fast monitoring techniques to estimate the qualities of half-smooth tongue sole fillets treated with edible coating combined with modified atmosphere packaging during refrigeration. T2 relaxation spectra showed three peaks representing bound water (T21), immobile water (T22), and free water (T23), respectively. pT22 accounted for the largest proportion of three types of water, followed by pT23. The weighted MRI provided the internal structure information associated with different samples, indicting the combination of edible coating and MAP (70% CO2 + 30% N2) is the best performance in the maintenance of qualities and freshness of HTS fillets. All results demonstrated that the combination of LF-NMR and MRI as fast and nondestructive methods have great potential to monitor qualities deterioration and predict shelf life in of HTS fillets during refrigerated storage.

scholarly journals Low-Field NMR Analysis of Chicken Patties Prepared with Woody Breast Meat and Implications to Meat Quality

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Jinjie You ◽  
Yan Dong ◽  
Ligen Xu ◽  
Clay J. Maynard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Moisture Variation ◽  
Protein Properties ◽  
Low Field Nmr ◽  
Water Ratio ◽  
Chicken Patties

The scope of this paper was to investigate the effects of water distribution differences on the quality and feasibility of chicken patties supplemented with woody breast (WB). Chicken patties, containing differing amounts of WB (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were analyzed using low-field NMR. Quality differences between chicken patties were further evaluated by combining lipid and protein properties, fry loss (FL), color (L*, a*, b*), texture (hardness, springiness, chewiness, cohesiveness, resilience), microstructure, and sensory characteristics. The results expressed that both lipid and protein oxidation increased and immobilized water in chicken patties can be converted to free water more easily with increasing levels of WB. Additionally, the free water ratio decreased, water freedom increased, and the bound water ratio increased (p < 0.05). Fry loss, color, texture (hardness, springiness, chewiness), microstructure, and sensory (character, organization, taste) characteristics deteriorated significantly when the WB inclusion level exceeded 25%. Particularly, characteristics of texture (chewiness and character) and sensory (character and organization) decreased significantly as WB inclusion increased past 25% (p < 0.01). Furthermore, fry loss, texture, and overall microstructure partially confirmed the moisture variation of chicken patties as the potential cause of the abnormal quality. Although the experimental data expressed that mixing to 35% WB inclusion was feasible, the practical and economic impact recommends inclusion levels to not exceed 30%.

Use of low-field-NMR and MRI to characterize water mobility and distribution in pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) during drying process

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Cheng ◽  
Tan Zhang ◽  
Li Yao ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Yukun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Water Mobility ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Low Field Nmr

Measurement of water mobility and distribution in vacuum microwave-dried barley grass using Low-Field-NMR

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (15) ◽  
pp. 1892-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohuang Cao ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Arun S. Mujumdar ◽  
Qifeng Zhong ◽  
Zhushang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Mobility ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Vacuum Microwave ◽  
Low Field Nmr

Fundamental understanding of removal of liquid thin film trapped between fibers in the paper drying process: A microscopic approach

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
ZAHRA NOORI ◽  
JAMAL S. YAGOOBI ◽  
BURT S. TILLEY
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Paper Drying ◽  
Vof Model

In the fabrication of paper, a slurry with cellulose fibers and other matter is drained, pressed, and dried. The latter step requires considerable energy consumption. In the structure of wet paper, there are two differ-ent types of water: free water and bound water. Free water can be removed most effectively. However, removing bound water consumes a large portion of energy during the process. The focus of this paper is on the intermediate stage of the drying process, from free water toward bound water where the remaining free water is present on the surfaces of the fibers in the form of a liquid film. For simplicity, the drying process considered in this study corresponds to pure convective drying through the paper sheet. The physics of removing a thin liquid film trapped between fibers in the paper drying process is explored. The film is assumed to be incompressible, viscous, and subject to evaporation, thermocapillarity, and surface tension. By using a volume of fluid (VOF) model, the effect of the previously mentioned parameters on drying behavior of the thin film is investigated.

scholarly journals Effect of Mineral Composition on Transverse Relaxation Time Distributions and MR Imaging of Tight Rocks from Offshore Ireland

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Stian Almenningen ◽  
Srikumar Roy ◽  
Arif Hussain ◽  
John Georg Seland ◽  
Geir Ersland
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
High Field ◽  
Transverse Relaxation Time ◽  
Transverse Relaxation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Field Strengths

In this paper, we investigate the effect of magnetic field strength on the transverse relaxation time constant (T2) in six distinct core plugs from four different rock types (three sandstones, one basalt, one volcanic tuff and one siltstone), retrieved from offshore Ireland. The CPMG pulse-sequence was used at two different magnetic field strengths: high-field at 4.70 T and low-field at 0.28 T. Axial images of the core plugs were also acquired with the RAREst sequence at high magnetic field strength. Thin-sections of the core plugs were prepared for optical imaging and SEM analysis, and provided qualitative information on the porosity and quantification of the elemental composition of the rock material. The content of iron varied from 4 wt. % to close to zero in the rock samples. Nevertheless, the effective T2 distributions obtained at low-field were used to successfully predict the porosity of the core plugs. Severe signal attenuations from internal magnetic gradients resulted in an underestimation of the porosity at high-field. No definitive trend was identified on the evolution of discrete relaxation time components between magnetic field strengths. The low-field measurements demonstrate that NMR is a powerful quantitative tool for petrophysical rock analysis as compared to thin-section analysis. The results of this study are of interest to the research community who characterizes natural gas hydrates in tight heterogeneous core plugs, and who typically relies on MR imaging to distinguish between solid hydrates and fluid phases. It further exemplifies the importance of selecting appropriate magnetic field strengths when employing NMR/MRI for porosity calculation in tight rock.

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